Tuba: kufotokoza chida, phokoso, mbiri, zikuchokera, mfundo zosangalatsa

Tuba ndi chida chomwe chachoka ku gulu lankhondo kupita ku gulu la mkuwa kuti likhalebe kumeneko kwamuyaya. Uyu ndiye membala wocheperako komanso wotsika kwambiri wa banja la woodwind. Popanda ma bass ake, nyimbo zina zitha kutaya chithumwa ndi tanthauzo lake loyambirira.

Kodi tuba ndi chiyani

Tuba (tuba) mu Chilatini amatanthauza chitoliro. Zowonadi, m'mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi chitoliro, chopindika chokha, ngati chakulungidwa kangapo.

Ndi gulu la zida zoimbira zamkuwa. Malingana ndi kaundula, ndi otsika kwambiri pakati pa "abale", amasewera gawo lalikulu la oimba oimba. Sichiseweredwa payekha, koma chitsanzocho ndi chofunikira kwambiri mu symphonic, jazz, mphepo, pop ensembles.

Chidacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri - pali zitsanzo zofikira 2 metres, zolemera kuposa 50 kg. Woimba nthawi zonse amawoneka wofooka poyerekeza ndi tuba.

Kodi tuba imamveka bwanji?

Mtundu wa tonal wa tuba ndi pafupifupi 3 octaves. Zilibe malire enieni, monga gulu lonse lamkuwa. Virtuosos amatha "kufinya" phokoso lathunthu la mawu omwe alipo.

Phokoso lopangidwa ndi chidacho ndi lakuya, lolemera, lotsika. N'zotheka kulemba zolemba zapamwamba, koma oimba odziwa bwino okha ndi omwe angadziwe izi.

Ndime zovuta mwaukadaulo zimachitika pakati kaundula. Timbre idzakhala yofanana ndi trombone, koma yodzaza, yamitundu yowala. Zolembera zam'mwamba zimamveka zofewa, phokoso lawo limakhala losangalatsa m'makutu.

Phokoso la tuba, kuchuluka kwafupipafupi kumadalira zosiyanasiyana. Zida zinayi ndizosiyana:

• B-lathyathyathya (BBb);
• ku (SS);
• E-flat (Eb);
• ndi (F).

M'magulu oimba a symphony, mtundu wa B-flat, E-flat umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusewera pawekha ndi kotheka pa mtundu wa Fa ikukonzekera wokhoza kugunda manotsi apamwamba. Kodi (SS) mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito oimba a jazi.

Zolankhula zimathandizira kusintha mawu, kuwapangitsa kukhala olira, akuthwa. Mapangidwewo amalowetsedwa mkati mwa belu, kutsekereza pang'ono kutulutsa mawu.

Chida chipangizo

Chigawo chachikulu ndi chitoliro chamkuwa cha miyeso yochititsa chidwi. Kutalika kwake kofutukuka ndi pafupifupi mamita 6. Mapangidwewo amatha ndi belu lokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Chubu chachikulu chimakonzedwa mwapadera: kusinthasintha kwa conical, zigawo za cylindrical zimathandiza kuti phokoso likhale lochepa, "lopweteka".

Thupi liri ndi ma valve anayi. Zitatu zimathandizira kutsitsa mawu: kutsegulira kwa chilichonse kumatsitsa sikelo ndi toni imodzi. Chotsatiracho chimatsitsa kwathunthu sikelo ndi gawo lachinayi, kukulolani kuti mutulutse mawu otsika kwambiri. Valavu ya 1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Mitundu ina imakhala ndi valavu yachisanu yomwe imatsitsa sikelo ndi 3/4 (yomwe imapezeka m'makope amodzi).

Chidacho chimatha ndi pakamwa - pakamwa amalowetsedwa mu chubu. Palibe zolankhula zapadziko lonse lapansi: oimba amasankha kukula payekhapayekha. Akatswiri amagula zoyankhulirana zingapo zopangidwira kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Tsatanetsatane wa tuba ndi wofunikira kwambiri - zimakhudza dongosolo, timbre, phokoso la chida.

History

Mbiri ya tuba imabwerera ku Middle Ages: Zida zofanana zinalipo panthawi ya Renaissance. Kapangidwe kake kanali kutchedwa njoka, yopangidwa ndi matabwa, chikopa, ndi kumveketsa mawu otsika.

Poyamba, kuyesa kukonza zida zakale, kupanga chinthu chatsopano chinali cha ambuye a Germany Wipricht, Moritz. Kuyesera kwawo ndi tuba precursors (njoka, ophicleids) kunapereka zotsatira zabwino. Chopangidwacho chinali chovomerezeka mu 1835: chitsanzocho chinali ndi ma valve asanu, dongosolo F.

Poyamba, zatsopanozi sizinagawidwe kwambiri. Ambuye sanabweretse nkhaniyi pamapeto ake omveka, chitsanzocho chinafunika kusintha kuti chikhale gawo lonse la oimba a symphony. Wotchuka wa ku Belgium Adolf Sachs, yemwe anali tate wa zomangamanga zambiri za nyimbo, anapitiriza ntchito yake. Kupyolera mu zoyesayesa zake, zachilendozo zinamveka mosiyana, zimakulitsa ntchito zake, zimakopa chidwi cha olemba ndi oimba.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, tuba anaonekera mu oimba mu 1843, kenako kutenga malo ofunika kumeneko. Latsopano chitsanzo anamaliza mapangidwe symphony oimba: pambuyo kuphatikizika mu zikuchokera, palibe chasintha kwa 2 zaka.

Tuba kusewera njira

Kusewera sikophweka kwa oimba, maphunziro aatali amafunikira. Chidacho ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chimapereka njira zosiyanasiyana, njira, koma chimaphatikizapo ntchito yaikulu. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mpweya kumafuna kupuma pafupipafupi, nthawi zina woyimba amayenera kuzichita pamawu aliwonse otsatirawa. Ndizowona kudziwa izi, kuphunzitsa nthawi zonse, kupanga mapapu, kukonza njira yopumira.

Muyenera kuzolowera kukula kwakukulu, kulemera kwa chinthucho. Amayikidwa patsogolo pake, akuwongolera belu mmwamba, nthawi zina wosewera mpira amakhala pafupi naye. Oyimba oyimirira nthawi zambiri amafunikira chingwe chothandizira kuti agwire ntchito yayikulu.

Njira zazikulu zodziwika bwino za Sewero:

• staccato;
• atatu.

kugwiritsa

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito - okhestra, magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• symphonic;
• jazi;
• mphepo.

Oimba a Symphony amakhutira ndi kukhalapo kwa woimba m'modzi wa tuba, oimba a mphepo amakopa oimba awiri kapena atatu.

Chidacho chimagwira ntchito ya bass. Kawirikawiri, zigawo zimalembedwa kwa iye zazing'ono, kumva phokoso la solo ndikopambana kosowa.

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

Chida chilichonse chikhoza kudzitamandira zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa zokhudzana nazo. Tuba ndi chimodzimodzi:

1. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri yoperekedwa ku chida ichi ili ku United States, mzinda wa Durham. Mkati mwasonkhanitsidwa makope anthawi zosiyanasiyana okhala ndi zidutswa za 300.
2. Wolemba nyimbo Richard Wagner anali ndi tuba yakeyake, imene anaigwiritsa ntchito m’zolemba zake.
3. Pulofesa wa ku America wa nyimbo R. Winston ndiye mwiniwake wa mndandanda waukulu wa zinthu zokhudzana ndi tuba (zoposa 2 zinthu).
4. Lachisanu loyamba la Meyi ndi tchuthi chovomerezeka, Tuba Day.
5. Zinthu zopangira zida zaukadaulo ndi aloyi yamkuwa ndi nthaka.
6. Pakati pa zida zamphepo, tuba ndi "chisangalalo" chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Mtengo wa makope payekha ndi wofanana ndi mtengo wagalimoto.
7. Chifuniro cha chidacho ndi chochepa, choncho njira yopangira ikuchitika pamanja.
8. Chida chachikulu kwambiri ndi 2,44 mita. Kukula kwa belu ndi 114 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 57 kilogalamu. Chimphonachi chinakhala m’gulu la Guinness Book of Records mu 1976. Masiku ano, bukuli lili ku Czech Museum.
9. Dziko la United States linaika mbiri ya oimba a tuba m’gulu la oimba: mu 2007, nyimboyi inachitidwa ndi gulu la oimba 502 omwe ankaimba chida ichi.
10. Pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri: bass tuba, contrabass tuba, Kaiser tuba, helikon, tuba iwiri, tuba yoguba, subcontrabass tuba, tomister tuba, sousaphone.
11. Chitsanzo chatsopano kwambiri ndi digito, chikuwoneka ngati galamafoni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu oimba a digito.