Yehudi Menuhin |

Yehudi Menuhin

M'zaka za m'ma 30 ndi 40, zikafika kwa oimba violini akunja, dzina lakuti Menuhin nthawi zambiri linkatchulidwa pambuyo pa dzina la Heifetz. Anali mdani wake woyenera ndipo, kwakukulukulu, antipode ponena za kulenga payekha. Kenaka Menuhin anakumana ndi tsoka, mwinamwake loopsya kwambiri kwa woimba - matenda a ntchito ya dzanja lamanja. Mwachiwonekere, chinali chifukwa cha "kuseweredwa" pamapewa (mikono ya Menuhin ndi yayifupi kuposa momwe zimakhalira, zomwe, komabe, zimakhudza kwambiri kumanja, osati kumanzere). Koma ngakhale kuti nthawi zina Menuhin samatsitsa uta pa zingwe, sangafikitse kumapeto, mphamvu ya talente yake yowolowa manja ndi yakuti woyimba zezeyo sangamve mokwanira. Ndi Menuhin mumamva zomwe palibe wina aliyense ali nazo - amapereka mawu aliwonse oimba nyimbo zosiyana; chilengedwe chilichonse cha nyimbo chikuwoneka kuti chikuwunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa chikhalidwe chake cholemera. Kwa zaka zambiri, luso lake limakhala lotentha komanso laumunthu, pamene likupitirizabe kukhalabe nthawi yomweyo "menukhinian" wanzeru.

Menuhin adabadwira ndikukulira m'banja lachilendo lomwe limaphatikiza miyambo yopatulika ya Ayuda akale ndi maphunziro oyeretsedwa a ku Europe. Makolo adachokera ku Russia - bambo Moishe Menuhin anali mbadwa ya Gomel, amayi Marut Sher - Yalta. Anapatsa ana awo mayina m’Chiheberi: Yehudi kutanthauza Myuda. Mlongo wamkulu wa Menuhin dzina lake Khevsib. Wamng'ono anali Yalta, mwachiwonekere polemekeza mzinda umene amayi ake anabadwiramo.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, makolo a Menuhin anakumana osati ku Russia, koma ku Palestine, kumene Moishe, atataya makolo ake, analeredwa ndi agogo aakazi. Onse awiri ankanyadira kuti anali m’mabanja akale achiyuda.

Agogo ake aamuna atangomwalira, Moishe anasamukira ku New York, kumene anaphunzira masamu ndi pedagogy ku yunivesite ndikuphunzitsa pasukulu yachiyuda. Maruta nayenso anabwera ku New York mu 1913. Patapita chaka chimodzi anakwatirana.

Pa April 22, 1916, mwana wawo woyamba anabadwa, mnyamata amene anamutcha Yehudi. Atabadwa, banja lake linasamukira ku San Francisco. A Menuhin anachita lendi nyumba mumsewu wa Steiner, “imodzi mwa nyumba zodziŵika bwino za matabwa zokhala ndi mazenera aakulu, mipanda, mipukutu yosemedwa, ndi mtengo wa mgwalangwa womwe uli pakati pa kapinga wakutsogolo womwe uli ngati wa San Francisco monga momwe nyumba za brownstone zilili Zatsopano. York. Kumeneko, m’mikhalidwe ya chisungiko chakuthupi chofananira, pamene analeredwa Yehudi Menuhin. Mu 1920, mlongo wake woyamba wa Yehudi, Khevsiba, anabadwa, ndipo mu October 1921, wachiwiri, Yalta.

Banjali linali lodzipatula, ndipo zaka zoyambirira za Yehudi ankakhala pamodzi ndi akuluakulu. Izi zinakhudza chitukuko chake; Makhalidwe a kuzama, chizolowezi chosinkhasinkha poyamba chinawonekera mu khalidwe. Anakhala wotseka kwa moyo wake wonse. Pakukulira kwake, panalinso zinthu zambiri zachilendo: mpaka zaka 3, adalankhula makamaka m'Chihebri - chinenerochi chinalandiridwa m'banja; ndiye mayi, mkazi mwapadera wophunzira, anaphunzitsa ana 5 zinenero zina - German, French, English, Italy ndi Russian.

Amayi anali woimba bwino. Amayimba piyano ndi cello komanso amakonda nyimbo. Menuhin anali asanakwanitse zaka 2 pamene makolo ake anayamba kupita naye ku zoimbaimba za symphony orchestra. Sizinali zotheka kumusiya kunyumba, popeza kunalibe wosamalira mwanayo. Wamng'onoyo anali ndi khalidwe labwino ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagona mwamtendere, koma pa phokoso loyamba anadzuka ndipo anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zinkachitika m'gulu la oimba. Oimba oimbayo ankamudziwa mwanayo ndipo ankakonda kwambiri munthu womvetsera mwachilendo.

Menuhin ali ndi zaka 5, azakhali ake anamugulira violin ndipo mnyamatayo anatumizidwa kukaphunzira ndi Sigmund Anker. Njira zoyamba podziwa chidacho zidakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa chafupikitsa manja. Mphunzitsiyo analephera kumasula dzanja lake lamanzere kuti lisamangidwe, ndipo Menuhin sanamve kunjenjemerako. Koma pamene zopinga zimenezi ku dzanja lamanzere anagonjetsedwa ndipo mnyamatayo anatha kuzolowera peculiarities za dongosolo la dzanja lamanja, iye anayamba kupita patsogolo mofulumira. Pa October 26, 1921, miyezi 6 chiyambireni makalasi, iye anatha kuchita mu konsati wophunzira pa yapamwamba Fairmont Hotel.

Yehudi wazaka 7 adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Anker kupita kwa woimba nyimbo wa symphony, Louis Persinger, woimba wa chikhalidwe chachikulu komanso mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri. Komabe, m'maphunziro ake ndi Menuhin, Persinger adalakwitsa zambiri, zomwe pamapeto pake zidakhudza machitidwe a woyimba zeze m'njira yowopsa. Atatengedwa ndi deta yodabwitsa ya mnyamatayo, kupita patsogolo kwake mofulumira, sanasamalire pang'ono mbali ya luso la masewerawo. Menuhin sanachite kafukufuku wokhazikika waukadaulo. Persinger analephera kuzindikira kuti maonekedwe a thupi la Yehudi, kufupika kwa manja ake, ali ndi zoopsa zazikulu zomwe sizinawonekere paubwana, koma zinayamba kudzimva ngati munthu wamkulu.

Makolo a Menuhin analera ana awo mwankhanza kwambiri. Pa 5.30 m'mawa aliyense ankadzuka ndipo, pambuyo pa kadzutsa, ankagwira ntchito m'nyumba mpaka 7 koloko. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi maphunziro a nyimbo a maola atatu - alongo anakhala pansi pa piyano (onse adakhala oimba piyano abwino kwambiri, Khevsiba anali bwenzi la mchimwene wake nthawi zonse), ndipo Yehudi ankaimba violin. Masana kutsatiridwa ndi kadzutsa kachiŵiri ndi kugona kwa ola limodzi. Pambuyo pake - maphunziro atsopano a nyimbo kwa maola awiri. Kenaka, kuyambira 3 mpaka 2 koloko masana, kupuma kunaperekedwa, ndipo madzulo iwo anayamba makalasi a maphunziro wamba. Yehudi adadziwana kale ndi mabuku akale komanso amagwira ntchito pa filosofi, adaphunzira mabuku a Kant, Hegel, Spinoza. Lamlungu banjali limakhala kunja kwa mzindawo, likuyenda wapansi mtunda wa makilomita 4 kupita kunyanja.

Luso lodabwitsa la mnyamatayo linakopa chidwi cha Sydney Erman, wothandiza anthu wamba. Analangiza a Menuhins kuti apite ku Paris kukapatsa ana awo maphunziro enieni a nyimbo, ndipo adasamalira zinthuzo. M'dzinja la 1926 banja anapita ku Ulaya. Msonkhano wosaiwalika pakati pa Yehudi ndi Enescu unachitika ku Paris.

Buku lolembedwa ndi Robert Magidov "Yehudi Menuhin" limatchula zokumbukira za cellist waku France, pulofesa ku Paris Conservatory Gerard Hecking, yemwe adayambitsa Yehudi ku Enescu:

“Ndikufuna kuphunzira nanu,” Yehudi anatero.

– Zikuoneka, panali kulakwitsa, ine sindimapereka maphunziro payekha, – anati Enescu.

Koma ndiyenera kuphunzira nanu, chonde ndimvereni.

- Ndizosatheka. Ndikunyamuka paulendo wa sitima yonyamuka mawa nthawi ya 6.30:XNUMX am.

Nditha kubwera kwa ola limodzi ndikusewera mukunyamula. Angathe?

Wotopa Enescu anamva chinachake chochititsa chidwi kwambiri mwa mnyamata uyu, molunjika, ndi cholinga komanso nthawi yomweyo popanda chitetezo cha mwana. Iye anayika dzanja lake pa phewa la Yehudi.

"Wapambana, mwana," Hecking anaseka.

- Bwerani ku 5.30 ku Clichy street, 26. Ndidzakhala kumeneko, - Enescu adati tsanzikana.

Yehudi atamaliza kusewera cha m’ma 6 koloko m’maŵa, Enescu anavomera kuyamba kugwira naye ntchito pambuyo pa kutha kwa ulendo wa konsati, m’miyezi iwiri. Anauza bambo ake odabwa kuti maphunzirowo sakhala aulere.

"Yehudi adzandibweretsera chisangalalo monga momwe ndimamupindulira."

Woyimba violini wamng'onoyo adalakalaka kuphunzira ndi Enescu, monga momwe adamvera woyimba zeze wa ku Romania, ndiye pachimake cha kutchuka kwake, pakonsati ku San Francisco. Ubale womwe Menuhin adapanga ndi Enescu sungatchulidwe kuti ubale wa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira. Enescu anakhala kwa iye atate wachiwiri, mphunzitsi watcheru, bwenzi. Kangati m'zaka zotsatila, pamene Menuhin adakhala wojambula wokhwima, Enescu adaimba naye m'makonsati, kutsagana ndi piyano, kapena kusewera Bach Concerto iwiri. Inde, ndipo Menuhin ankakonda mphunzitsi wake ndi changu chonse cha chikhalidwe cholemekezeka ndi choyera. Atapatukana ndi Enescu mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, Menuhin mwamsanga anakwera ndege kupita ku Bucharest pa mpata woyamba. Iye anachezera Enescu akufa mu Paris; katswiri wakaleyo anamsiira violin wake wamtengo wapatali.

Enescu anaphunzitsa Yehudi osati kungoyimba chida, adatsegula mzimu wa nyimbo kwa iye. Pansi pa utsogoleri wake, talente ya mnyamatayo inakula, kulemetsedwa mwauzimu. Ndipo zinaonekeratu m’chaka cha kulankhulana kwawo. Enescu anatenga wophunzira wake kupita ku Romania, kumene mfumukaziyo inawapatsa omvetsera. Pobwerera ku Paris, Yehudi amachita m'makonsati awiri ndi Lamouret Orchestra yoyendetsedwa ndi Paul Parey; mu 1927 anapita ku New York, kumene iye anapanga zomveka ndi konsati yake yoyamba ku Carnegie Hall.

Winthrop Sergent akufotokoza sewerolo motere: “Okonda nyimbo ambiri ku New York amakumbukirabe mmene, mu 1927, Yehudi Menuhin wazaka khumi ndi chimodzi, mnyamata wonenepa, wodzidalira mochititsa mantha, wovala mathalauza aafupi, masokosi ndi malaya otsegula khosi. Pabwalo la Carnegie Hall, adayimilira kutsogolo ndi New York Symphony Orchestra ndikuimba Beethoven's Violin Concerto ndi ungwiro womwe umatsutsana ndi kufotokozera kulikonse. Oimbawo analira mosangalala, ndipo otsutsawo sanabise kusokonezeka kwawo.

Kenako pakubwera kutchuka kwapadziko lonse. "Ku Berlin, komwe adayimba nyimbo za violin ndi Bach, Beethoven ndi Brahms motsogozedwa ndi Bruno Walter, apolisi sanaletse khamu la anthu mumsewu, pomwe omvera adamukweza kwa mphindi 45. Fritz Busch, wotsogolera wa Dresden Opera, adaletsa kuyimba kwina kuti apangitse konsati ya Menuhin ndi pulogalamu yomweyi. Ku Rome, muholo ya Augusteo concert, khamu la anthu linathyola mawindo khumi ndi awiri poyesa kulowa mkati; ku Vienna, wotsutsa wina, yemwe anadabwa kwambiri ndi chisangalalo, adatha kumupatsa epithet "zodabwitsa". Mu 1931 adalandira mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano wa Paris Conservatoire.

Zisudzo zazikulu zidapitilirabe mpaka 1936, pomwe Menuhin adasiya mwadzidzidzi makonsati onse ndikupuma pantchito kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka ndi banja lake lonse - makolo ndi alongo m'nyumba yomwe idagulidwa nthawi imeneyo pafupi ndi Los Gatos, California. Pa nthawiyo n’kuti ali ndi zaka 19. Inali nthawi imene mnyamatayo akukula, ndipo nthawiyi inadziwika ndi vuto lalikulu la mkati lomwe linakakamiza Menuhin kupanga chisankho chachilendo chotero. Amalongosola kudzipatula kwake ndi kufunikira kodziyesa yekha ndi kudziwa chiyambi cha luso lomwe akugwira ntchito. Mpaka pano, mu lingaliro lake, iye ankasewera mwangwiro mwachilengedwe, ngati mwana, popanda kuganiza za malamulo ntchito. Tsopano anaganiza, kuziyika aphoristically, kudziwa zeze ndi kudzidziwa yekha, thupi lake mu masewera. Amavomereza kuti aphunzitsi onse omwe adamuphunzitsa ali mwana adamupatsa luso lapamwamba kwambiri, koma sanachite naye phunziro lokhazikika la teknoloji ya violin: "Ngakhale pangozi yotaya mazira onse a golide m'tsogolomu. , ndinafunika kuphunzira mmene tsekwewo anawagwetsera.”

Zoonadi, mkhalidwe wa zida zake unakakamiza Menuhin kutenga chiopsezo choterocho, chifukwa "monga momwemo" chifukwa cha chidwi, palibe woimba pa udindo wake amene angaphunzire luso la violin, kukana kupereka zoimbaimba. Zikuoneka kuti panthawiyo anayamba kumva zizindikiro zina zimene zinkamudetsa nkhawa.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti Menuhin amayandikira njira yothetsera mavuto a violin m'njira yomwe, mwina, palibe woimba wina yemwe adachitapo kale. Popanda kuima pakuphunzira kwa ntchito za methodological ndi zolemba, amapita ku psychology, anatomy, physiology ndi ... ngakhale mu sayansi ya zakudya. Iye akuyesera kukhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa zochitika ndi kumvetsa mmene violin akusewera zinthu zovuta kwambiri psycho-physiological ndi zamoyo.

Komabe, potengera zotsatira zaluso, Menuhin, panthawi yodzipatula, sanachitepo kanthu pofufuza momveka bwino malamulo a violin. Mwachiwonekere, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwauzimu kunayamba mwa iye, kotero kwachibadwa kwa nthawi yomwe mnyamata amasandulika kukhala mwamuna. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, wojambulayo adabwereranso kukachita bwino ndi nzeru zamtima, zomwe kuyambira tsopano zimakhala chizindikiro cha luso lake. Tsopano akufuna kumvetsetsa mu nyimbo zigawo zake zakuya zauzimu; amakopeka ndi Bach ndi Beethoven, koma osati ngwazi-wamba, koma filosofi, akugwera mu chisoni ndi kuwuka kuchokera kuchisoni chifukwa cha nkhondo zatsopano zamakhalidwe ndi makhalidwe abwino kwa munthu ndi umunthu.

Mwinamwake, mu umunthu, khalidwe ndi luso la Menuhin pali zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala za anthu a Kummawa. Nzeru zake m'njira zambiri zimafanana ndi nzeru za Kum'maŵa, ndi chizoloŵezi cha kudzikuza kwauzimu ndi chidziwitso cha dziko lapansi kupyolera mu kulingalira za chikhalidwe cha zochitika. Kukhalapo kwa mikhalidwe yotereyi ku Menuhin sizodabwitsa, ngati tikumbukira mlengalenga momwe adakulira, miyambo yomwe idakulitsidwa m'banja. Ndipo kenako Kummawa kunamukokera kwa iwo okha. Atapita ku India, adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi ziphunzitso za yoga.

Kuchokera pakudzipangira yekha, Menuhin adabwereranso ku nyimbo pakati pa 1938. Chaka chino chinadziwika ndi chochitika china - ukwati. Yehudi anakumana ndi Nola Nicholas ku London pa imodzi mwa makonsati ake. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti ukwati wa m’baleyo ndi alongo onsewo unachitika nthawi imodzi: Khevsiba anakwatira Lindsay, bwenzi lapamtima la banja la Menuhin, ndipo Yalta anakwatira William Styx.

Kuchokera muukwati uwu, Yehudi anali ndi ana awiri: mtsikana wobadwa mu 1939 ndi mnyamata mu 1940. Mtsikanayo amatchedwa Zamira - kuchokera ku liwu la Chirasha la "mtendere" ndi dzina lachihebri la mbalame yoimba; mnyamatayo analandira dzina lakuti Krov, lomwe linkagwirizananso ndi liwu la Chirasha la "magazi" ndi liwu lachihebri loti "kulimbana". Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa nkhondo pakati pa Germany ndi England.

Nkhondoyo inasokoneza kwambiri moyo wa Menuhin. Monga tate wa ana aŵiri, sanaloledwe kulembedwa usilikali, koma chikumbumtima chake monga wojambula sichinamulole kukhalabe wopenyerera wakunja wa zochitika zankhondo. M’kati mwa nkhondoyo, Menuhin anapereka makonsati pafupifupi 500 “m’misasa yonse yankhondo kuyambira kuzilumba za Aleutian mpaka ku Caribbean, ndiyeno kutsidya lina la nyanja ya Atlantic,” akulemba motero Winthrop Sergent. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye ankaimba nyimbo kwambiri omvera aliyense - Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, ndi luso lake lamoto anagonjetsa asilikali wamba. Amamutumizira makalata okhudza mtima odzaza ndi chiyamikiro. Chaka cha 1943 chinadziwika ndi chochitika chachikulu kwa Yehudi - anakumana ndi Bela Bartok ku New York. Pa pempho la Menuhin, Bartók analemba Sonata kwa violin ya solo popanda kutsagana, yomwe inachitidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi wojambula mu November 1944. Koma makamaka zaka izi zimaperekedwa ku ma concert m'magulu a asilikali, zipatala.

Kumapeto kwa 1943, ponyalanyaza ngozi ya kuyenda kudutsa nyanja, anapita ku England ndipo anayambitsa ntchito yaikulu ya konsati kuno. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya asilikali ogwirizana, iye kwenikweni anatsatira pa zidendene za asilikali, woyamba wa oimba dziko kuimba mu anamasulidwa Paris, Brussels, Antwerp.

Konsati yake ku Antwerp inachitika pamene kunja kwa mzinda kudakali m'manja mwa Ajeremani.

Nkhondo ikutha. Kubwerera kwawo, Menuhin kachiwiri, monga mu 1936, mwadzidzidzi anakana kupereka zoimbaimba ndi kupuma, kupereka izo, monga anachitira pa nthawi imeneyo, kubwerezanso njira. Mwachionekere, zizindikiro za nkhaŵa zikuwonjezereka. Komabe, kupumako sikunatenge nthawi yaitali - masabata angapo okha. Menuhin amatha kukhazikitsa mwachangu komanso kwathunthu zida zogwirira ntchito. Apanso, masewera ake amagunda ndi ungwiro, mphamvu, kudzoza, moto.

Zaka za 1943-1945 zinakhala zodzala ndi mikangano m'moyo waumwini wa Menuhin. Kuyenda kosalekeza kunasokoneza ubwenzi wake ndi mkazi wake. Nola ndi Yehudi anali osiyana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Iye sanamvetse ndipo sanamukhululukire chifukwa cha chilakolako chake cha luso, zomwe zinkawoneka kuti sizikusiya nthawi ya banja. Kwa nthawi ndithu iwo ankayesetsabe kusunga ukwati wawo, koma mu 1945 anakakamizika kuthetsa ukwati wawo.

Chilimbikitso chomaliza cha chisudzulo mwachiwonekere chinali msonkhano wa Menuhin ndi ballerina wa Chingerezi Diana Gould mu September 1944 ku London. Chikondi chotentha chinayaka mbali zonse. Diana anali ndi makhalidwe auzimu amene Ayuda ankawakonda kwambiri. Pa October 19, 1947, anakwatirana. Kuchokera m'banjali ana awiri anabadwa - Gerald mu July 1948 ndi Jeremiah - zaka zitatu pambuyo pake.

M’chilimwe cha 1945 chitangotha ​​kumene, Menuhin anayamba ulendo wokaona maiko Ogwirizana, kuphatikizapo France, Holland, Czechoslovakia, ndi Russia. Ku England, anakumana ndi Benjamin Britten ndipo anachita naye konsati imodzi. Amakopeka ndi kumveka kokongola kwa piyano pansi pa zala za Britten yemwe adatsagana naye. Ku Bucharest, anakumananso ndi Enescu, ndipo msonkhano umenewu unatsimikizira onse aŵiri kuti anali oyandikana mwauzimu kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mu November 1945, Menuhin anafika ku Soviet Union.

Dzikolo linali litangoyamba kumene kutsitsimuka kuchoka ku chipwirikiti choopsa cha nkhondo; mizinda inawonongedwa, chakudya chinaperekedwa pa makadi. Ndipo komabe moyo waluso unali pachimake. Menuhin adachita chidwi ndi zomwe a Muscovites adachita ku konsati yake. "Tsopano ndikuganiza za momwe kulili kopindulitsa kuti wojambula azilankhulana ndi omvera omwe ndidawapeza ku Moscow - omvera, otcheru, odzutsa woyimbayo kukhala ndi chidwi chowotcha komanso chikhumbo chobwerera kudziko lomwe nyimbo zakhala zikuchitika. adalowa m'moyo mokwanira komanso mwachilengedwe. ndi moyo wa anthu ... ".

Iye anachita mu Tchaikovsky Hall madzulo 3 concertos - kwa violin awiri ndi I.-S. Bach ndi David Oistrakh, makonsati a Brahms ndi Beethoven; madzulo awiri otsalawo - Sonatas ya Bach ya violin payekha, tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Lev Oborin adayankha ndi ndemanga, akulemba kuti Menuhin ndi woyimba zeze wa pulani yayikulu ya konsati. "Gawo lalikulu la luso la woyimba violini wokongola uyu ndi ntchito zazikulu. Sali pafupi kwambiri ndi kalembedwe kakang'ono ka salon kapena ntchito za virtuoso. Chinthu cha Menuhin ndi zinsalu zazikulu, koma adaphanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Ndemanga ya Oborin ndi yolondola ponena za Menuhin ndipo amalemba molondola makhalidwe ake a violin - njira yaikulu ya chala ndi phokoso lomwe liri lodabwitsa mu mphamvu ndi kukongola. Inde, panthawiyo mawu ake anali amphamvu kwambiri. Mwinamwake khalidwe lakeli linali lofanana ndi kusewera ndi dzanja lonse "kuchokera pa phewa", zomwe zinapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lolemera komanso laling'ono, koma ndi mkono wofupikitsidwa, mwachiwonekere, zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Anali wotsanzira mu sonatas za Bach, ndipo ponena za konsati ya Beethoven, munthu sakanatha kumva sewero loterolo pokumbukira mbadwo wathu. Menuhin adatha kutsindika mbali yamakhalidwe momwemo ndikutanthauzira ngati chipilala choyera, chapamwamba kwambiri.

Mu December 1945, Menuhin anakumana ndi kondakitala wotchuka wa ku Germany Wilhelm Furtwängler, amene ankagwira ntchito ku Germany mu ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi. Zingaoneke ngati zimenezi zikanakhumudwitsa Yehudi, zomwe sizinachitike. M'malo mwake, m'mawu ake angapo, Menuhin amabwera kudzateteza Furtwängler. M’nkhani imene inaperekedwa kwa wotsogolera, akufotokoza mmene Furtwängler anali kukhala ku Germany ya chipani cha Nazi, anayesa kuthetsa vuto la oimba achiyuda ndi kupulumutsa ambiri ku chilango. Chitetezo cha Furtwängler chimakwiyitsa Menuhin. Amafika pakatikati pa mkangano pafunsoli - kodi oimba omwe adatumikira chipani cha Nazi angalungamitsidwe? Mlanduwu, womwe unachitika mu 1947, unamasula Furtwängler.

Posakhalitsa woimira asilikali a ku America ku Berlin adaganiza zokonzekera mndandanda wa ma concert a philharmonic motsogozedwa ndi oimba otchuka aku America. Woyamba anali Menuhin. Anapereka makonsati 3 ku Berlin - 2 aku America ndi aku Britain ndi 1 - otsegulidwa kwa anthu aku Germany. Kulankhula pamaso pa Ajeremani - ndiko kuti, adani aposachedwa - kumayambitsa kutsutsidwa kwakukulu kwa Menuhin pakati pa Ayuda aku America ndi aku Europe. Kulekerera kwake kumaoneka kwa iwo kukhala kusakhulupirika. Momwe udani wake unalili waukulu tingaweruzidwe ndi mfundo yakuti sanaloledwe kulowa mu Israyeli kwa zaka zingapo.

Makonsati a Menuhin adakhala ngati vuto ladziko lonse ku Israeli, ngati nkhani ya Dreyfus. Pamene pomalizira pake anafika kumeneko mu 1950, khamu la anthu pabwalo la ndege la Tel Aviv linam’patsa moni mopanda phokoso, ndipo chipinda chake cha hotelo chinali kulondera ndi apolisi okhala ndi zida amene anamperekeza kuzungulira mzindawo. Ndi ntchito yokhayo ya Menuhin, nyimbo zake, zomwe zimayitanira zabwino ndi kulimbana ndi zoipa, zidathetsa chidani ichi. Pambuyo pa ulendo wachiŵiri ku Israel mu 1951-1952, mmodzi wa osuliza analemba kuti: “Maseŵera a katswiri waluso ngati Menuhin angapangitse ngakhale wosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu kukhulupirira Mulungu.”

Menuhin adakhala February ndi Marichi 1952 ku India, komwe adakumana ndi Jawaharlar Nehru ndi Eleanor Roosevelt. Dzikolo linamudabwitsa. Anachita chidwi ndi filosofi yake, phunziro la chiphunzitso cha yogis.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 50, matenda obwera kwa nthawi yayitali adayamba kudziwonetsera okha. Komabe, Menuhin amalimbikira kulimbana ndi matendawa. Ndipo amapambana. N’zoona kuti dzanja lake lamanja silili bwino. Pamaso pathu pali m'malo chitsanzo cha chigonjetso cha chifuniro pa matenda, osati kwenikweni kuchira thupi. Koma Menuhin ndi Menuhin! Kudzoza kwake kwaluso kwambiri kumapangitsa nthawi zonse ndipo tsopano kuiwala za dzanja lamanja, za njira - za chirichonse padziko lapansi. Ndipo, ndithudi, Galina Barinova akunena zoona pamene, pambuyo pa ulendo wa Menuhin mu 1952 ku USSR, iye analemba kuti: "Zikuwoneka kuti kukwera ndi kutsika kouziridwa kwa Menuhin sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi maonekedwe ake auzimu, chifukwa ndi wojambula yekha yemwe ali ndi moyo wochenjera komanso wowona mtima. kulowa mwakuya kwa ntchito ya Beethoven ndi Mozart”.

Menuhin anabwera kudziko lathu ndi mlongo wake Khevsiba, yemwe ndi mnzake kwa nthawi yaitali. Anapereka madzulo a sonata; Yehudi ankaimbanso m’makonsati a symphony. Ku Moscow, adapanga ubwenzi ndi woimba nyimbo wotchuka wa Soviet Rudolf Barshai, mtsogoleri wa Orchestra ya Moscow Chamber. Menuhin ndi Barshai, limodzi ndi gulu limeneli, anaimba Mozart Symphony Concerto ya violin ndi viola. Pulogalamuyi inaphatikizaponso Bach Concerto ndi Divertimento mu D yaikulu yolembedwa ndi Mozart: "Menuhin wadziposa yekha; kupanga nyimbo zapamwamba kunali kodzaza ndi zopeka zapadera.

Mphamvu za Menuhin ndizodabwitsa: amapanga maulendo ataliatali, amakonza zikondwerero za nyimbo zapachaka ku England ndi Switzerland, amatsogolera, akufuna kutenga maphunziro.

Nkhani ya Winthrop ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe a Menuhin.

“Wakuda, watsitsi lofiyira, wamaso abuluu akumwetulira kwaunyamata ndi chinthu cha kadzidzi pamaso pake, akupereka chithunzithunzi cha munthu wamtima wosavuta komanso waluso. Amalankhula Chingelezi chokongola, mawu osankhidwa mosamala, ndi katchulidwe kamene ambiri mwa anzake a ku America amawaona ngati British. Sapsa mtima kapena kutukwana. Malingaliro ake ku dziko lomuzungulira akuwoneka kuti akuphatikiza ulemu wosamala ndi ulemu wamba. Akazi okongola amawatcha “madona okongola,” ndipo amalankhula nawo motsatiridwa ndi mwamuna woŵetedwa bwino akulankhula pamsonkhano. Kudzipatula kosatsutsika kwa Menuhin kuchokera ku mbali zina za moyo wa banal kwapangitsa anzake ambiri kumufanizira ndi Buddha: ndithudi, kutanganidwa kwake ndi mafunso ofunikira kwamuyaya ku kuwonongeka kwa chirichonse chosakhalitsa ndi chosakhalitsa kumamupangitsa iye kuiwala modabwitsa m'zinthu zopanda pake za dziko. Podziwa izi, mkazi wake sanadabwe pamene adafunsa mwaulemu kuti Greta Garbo anali ndani.

Moyo wa Menuhin ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri ukuwoneka kuti udakula mosangalala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amatsagana naye pa maulendo, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa moyo wawo pamodzi, sanapite kulikonse popanda iye. Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale anabala mwana wake woyamba pamsewu - pa chikondwerero ku Edinburgh.

Koma tibwererenso ku malongosoledwe a Winthrop: “Mofanana ndi oimba ambiri a m’makonsati, Menuhin, moyenerera, amakhala ndi moyo wotanganidwa. Mkazi wake wachingelezi amamutcha "wofalitsa nyimbo za violin". Ali ndi nyumba yakeyake - komanso yochititsa chidwi kwambiri - yomwe ili m'mapiri pafupi ndi tawuni ya Los Gatos, makilomita zana kum'mwera kwa San Francisco, koma nthawi zambiri amakhalamo kuposa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri pachaka. Malo ake omwe amawonekera kwambiri ndi kanyumba ka sitima yapanyanja yopita kunyanja kapena chipinda cha galimoto ya Pullman, yomwe amakhala paulendo wake wamakonsati osasokonezedwa. Mkazi wake akakhala kuti sali naye, amalowa m'chipinda cha Pullman ndikumverera kwamtundu wina wovuta: zikuwoneka kuti ndizopanda ulemu kwa iye kukhala pampando wofuna anthu angapo okha. Koma chipinda chosiyana ndi chosavuta kwa iye kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osiyanasiyana olamulidwa ndi ziphunzitso za kum'maŵa za yoga, zomwe adakhala wotsatira zaka zingapo zapitazo. Malingaliro ake, zolimbitsa thupizi zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi thanzi lake, mwachiwonekere chabwino kwambiri, komanso malingaliro ake, mwachiwonekere odekha. Pulogalamu ya masewerawa imaphatikizapo kuyimirira pamutu panu kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kapena khumi ndi ziwiri tsiku lililonse, kuchitapo kanthu, pansi pazifukwa zilizonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwirizana kwapadera kwa minofu, mu sitima yogwedezeka kapena pa steamboat panthawi ya mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imafuna kupirira kwakukulu.

Katundu wa Menuhin ndi wodabwitsa mu kuphweka kwake ndipo, chifukwa cha kutalika kwa maulendo ake ambiri, chifukwa cha kusowa kwake. Zili ndi masutukesi awiri onyansa opangidwa ndi zovala zamkati, zovala zowonetsera ndi ntchito, voliyumu yosasinthika ya wafilosofi wa ku China Lao Tzu "The Teachings of the Tao" ndi chikwama chachikulu cha violin chokhala ndi ma stradivarius awiri ofunika madola zikwi zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu; nthawi zonse amawapukuta ndi matawulo a Pullman. Ngati wangochoka panyumba, angakhale ndi dengu la nkhuku yokazinga ndi zipatso m’chikwama chake; onse mwachikondi atakulungidwa mu pepala sera ndi amayi ake, amene amakhala ndi mwamuna wake, bambo Yehudi, komanso pafupi Los Gatos. Menuhin sakonda magalimoto odyera ndipo sitimayi ikaima kwa nthawi yochulukirapo kapena yocheperako mumzinda uliwonse, amapita kukafunafuna malo ogulitsira zakudya, komwe amadya madzi a karoti ndi udzu winawake wambiri. Ngati pali chilichonse padziko lapansi chomwe chimamusangalatsa Menuhin kuposa kusewera violin ndi malingaliro apamwamba, ndiye kuti ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi zakudya: otsimikiza kuti moyo uyenera kutengedwa ngati organic, amatha kulumikiza zinthu zitatuzi pamodzi m'maganizo mwake. .

Kumapeto kwa mawonekedwe, Winthrop amakhalabe pazachifundo za Menuhin. Posonyeza kuti ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku makonsati zimaposa $ 100 pachaka, akulemba kuti amagawira zambiri za ndalamazi, ndipo izi ndi kuwonjezera pa ma concert achifundo a Red Cross, Ayuda a Israeli, kwa ozunzidwa m'misasa yachibalo ya Germany, kuti athandize. ntchito yomanganso ku England, France, Belgium ndi Holland.

“Nthawi zambiri amasamutsa ndalama zimene amapeza pakonsati n’kupita nazo ku thumba la penshoni la gulu la oimba limene amaimba nalo. Kufunitsitsa kwake kutumikira ndi luso lake pafupifupi cholinga chilichonse chachifundo chinamupangitsa kuyamika kwa anthu m'madera ambiri a dziko lapansi - ndi bokosi la malamulo, mpaka kuphatikizapo Legion of Honor ndi Cross of Lorraine.

Chithunzi cha Menuhin chaumunthu komanso chopanga chikuwonekera bwino. Akhoza kutchedwa m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika kwambiri pakati pa oimba a dziko la bourgeois. Humanism iyi imatsimikizira kufunikira kwake kwapadera mu chikhalidwe chanyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi zazaka zathu zapitazi.

L. Raaben, 1967