Phunziro 4
Zamkatimu
Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndi nyimbo za polyphony. Komabe, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri, popanda zomwe sizingatheke kumvetsa nyimbo za orchestra, kapena kuyimba nyimbo yokongola ya nyimbo zovuta ndi nyimbo zonse, kapena ngakhale kujambula ndi kusakaniza nyimbo yosavuta, kumene. , kuwonjezera pa mawu, gitala, bass ndi ng'oma.
Ndiye tiyeni tiyambe.
Dongosolo la zochita ndi lomveka, ndiye tiyeni tigwire ntchito!
Lingaliro la polyphony
Mawu akuti "polyphony" lochokera ku Latin polyphonia, pamene poly amatanthauza "ambiri" ndipo phonia amatanthawuza "phokoso". Polyphony imatanthawuza mfundo yowonjezeretsa mawu (mawu ndi nyimbo) pamaziko a ntchito zofanana.
Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa polyphony, mwachitsanzo, kuyimba kwa nyimbo ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo ndi/kapena mawu. Polyphony imatanthawuza kusakanikirana kwa mawu angapo odziyimira pawokha ndi / kapena nyimbo kukhala nyimbo imodzi.
Komanso, chilango cha dzina lomwelo "Polyphony" amaphunzitsidwa m'mabungwe oimba nyimbo mu mphamvu ndi m'madipatimenti luso la wolemba ndi musicology.
Mawu akuti polyphonia akunja mu Chirasha sanasinthidwe kwambiri, kupatula polemba mu Cyrillic m'malo mwa Chilatini. Ndipo, zingawonekere, kumvera lamulo “monga kwamveka, kotero kwalembedwa.” Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mawuwa amamveka mosiyana ndi aliyense, ndipo zopsinjika zimayikidwanso mosiyana.
Chifukwa chake, mu "Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and Russian Language", lofalitsidwa ndi Imperial Academy of Sciences mu 1847, lalamulidwa kutsindika lachiwiri "o" mu liwu lakuti "polyphony" ndi lachiwiri "ndi" m'mawu. "polyphonic" [Dictionary, V.3, 1847]. Izi ndi momwe zimawonekera tsamba m'kopeli:
Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20 mpaka lero, mitundu iwiri ya kupsinjika maganizo imakhalapo mwamtendere m'chinenero cha Chirasha: pa "o" yotsiriza ndi chilembo chachiwiri "i". Kotero, mu "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" akuperekedwa kutsindika pa "o" yotsiriza [V. Fraenov, 2004]. Pano Chithunzi cha TSB patsamba:
Mu Explanatory Dictionary, yolembedwa ndi katswiri wa zinenero Sergei Kuznetsov, m’mawu akuti “polyphony” chilembo chachiŵiri “i” chatsindikitsidwa [S. Kuznetsov, 2000. M'mawu oti "polyphonic" kutsindika kuli pa chilembo "ndi", monga m'makope akale:
Zindikirani kuti Google Translate imathandizira njira yomalizayi, ndipo ngati mulowetsa mawu oti "polyphony" mugawo lomasulira ndikudina chizindikiro cha wokamba, mudzamva bwino mawu a chilembo chomaliza "ndi". chizindikiro cha speaker mozungulira mofiira pachithunzichi:
Tsopano popeza tamvetsetsa, makamaka, kuti polyphony ndi chiyani komanso momwe tingatchulire mawu awa molondola, titha kufufuza mutuwo.
Chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha polyphony
Polyphony ndizovuta kwambiri mu nyimbo, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe ake azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, m'mayiko a Kum'mawa, polyphony poyamba inali ndi maziko ofunikira kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zida zoimbira za zingwe zambiri, magulu a zingwe, zingwe zotsatizana ndi nyimbo zinali zofala kumeneko. M'mayiko a Kumadzulo, polyphony nthawi zambiri inali mawu. Kunali kuyimba kwakwaya, kuphatikiza acapella (popanda kutsagana ndi nyimbo).
Kukula kwa polyphony mu gawo loyambirira kumatchedwa "heterophony", mwachitsanzo, dissonance. Chotero, kumbuyoko m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiŵiri, mchitidwe wowonjezera mawu amodzi, aŵiri kapena oposerapo pa phokoso la kwaya unavomerezedwa, mwachitsanzo, kuyimba kwachipembedzo.
Munthawi ya Middle Ages ndi Renaissance, motet idafalikira - mawu omveka ambiri. Izo sizinali chorale kuphatikiza superstructure wa mawu mu mawonekedwe ake oyera. Iyi inali kale ntchito yovuta kwambiri ya mawu, ngakhale kuti zinthu za chorale zikuwonekera kwambiri mmenemo. Nthawi zambiri, nyimboyi yasanduka mtundu wanyimbo wosakanizidwa womwe watengera miyambo ya tchalitchi ndi nyimbo zakudziko.
Kuimba kumatchalitchi kunapitanso patsogolo mwaluso. Chotero, m’Nyengo Zapakati, wotchedwa Misa yachikatolika inafalikira ponseponse. Zinali zozikidwa pa kusinthana kwa solo ndi kwaya. Nthawi zambiri, misa ndi ma motets azaka za 15th-16th adagwiritsa ntchito zida zonse za polyphony m'malo mwachangu. Chikhalidwecho chinapangidwa ndi kuwonjezereka ndi kuchepetsa kuchulukira kwa mawu, kuphatikiza kosiyana kwa mawu apamwamba ndi otsika, kuphatikizidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mawu amodzi kapena magulu a mawu.
Komanso panayambika mwambo woimba nyimbo wachipembedzo basi. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka za zana la 16, mtundu wa nyimbo ngati mandrigal ukuyamba kutchuka. Iyi ndi ntchito ya mawu awiri kapena atatu, monga lamulo, ya nyimbo zachikondi. Chiyambi cha chikhalidwe cha nyimboyi chinawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 14, koma panthawiyo sanalandire chitukuko chochuluka. Madrigals a m'zaka za m'ma 16 ndi 17 amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutsogolera kwa mawu, kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha (kusintha kwa fungulo lina kumapeto kwa ntchito).
Mawu akuti "richecar" amachokera ku French rechercher, kutanthauza "kufufuza" (kumbukirani Cherchez la femme wotchuka?) Poyambirira, mawuwa amatanthauza kufufuza kwa mawu, pambuyo pake - kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha zolinga. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya richecar ndi chidutswa cha clavier, chidutswa cha zida zoimbira kapena mawu.
The richecar yakale kwambiri anapezeka m'gulu la masewero ofalitsidwa mu 1540 ku Venice. Zidutswa zina za 4 za clavier zinapezeka muzolemba za wolemba nyimbo Girolamo Cavazzoni, wofalitsidwa mu 1543. Wodziwika kwambiri ndi 6-voice richecar yochokera ku Bach's Musical Offering, yolembedwa ndi katswiri wamkulu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 18.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti masitayelo ndi nyimbo za mawu a polyphony zinali kale m'zaka zimenezo zogwirizana kwambiri ndi malembawo. Chifukwa chake, pamawu anyimbo, nyimbo ndizodziwika bwino, komanso mawu achidule - kubwereza. Kwenikweni, kukula kwa miyambo ya polyphony kumatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala machitidwe awiri a polyphonic.
Zochitika za Polyphonic za Middle Ages:
| ✔ | Kalata yokhwima (mawonekedwe okhwima) - malamulo okhwima a mfundo za nyimbo ndi mawu otsogolera pamaziko a diatonic modes. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nyimbo za tchalitchi. |
| ✔ | kalata yaulere (mawonekedwe aulere) - kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mfundo zopangira nyimbo ndi mawu, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Linagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nyimbo za dziko. |
Munaphunzira za kukhumudwa mu phunziro lapitalo, kotero tsopano mwamvetsa zomwe zili pachiwopsezo. Izi ndi zambiri zambiri zokhudza chitukuko cha miyambo ya polyphony. Zambiri zokhudza mbiri ya mapangidwe a polyphony m'zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe a polyphonic angapezeke m'mabuku apadera a maphunziro a maphunziro a "Polyphony" [T. Muller, 1989]. Kumeneko mungapezenso nyimbo zamapepala a nyimbo zakale ndipo, ngati mukufuna, phunzirani zigawo zingapo za mawu ndi zida. Mwa njira, ngati simukudziwa kuyimba panobe, koma mukufuna kuphunzira, mutha kutenga njira zoyambira kuti muzitha kuyimba bwino pophunzira maphunziro athu "Kukula kwa Mawu ndi Kulankhula".
Ino ndi nthawi yopitira ku njira za polyphony kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe ma polyphony amapangidwira kukhala nyimbo imodzi.
Njira zama polyphonic
Mu maphunziro aliwonse a polyphony, mutha kupeza mawu oti counterpoint. Amachokera ku mawu achilatini akuti punctum contra punctum, omwe amatanthauza "mfundo motsutsana ndi mfundo". Kapena, pokhudzana ndi nyimbo, "note motsutsana ndi mawu", "nyimbo yotsutsana ndi nyimbo".
Izi sizisintha mfundo yakuti mawu oti “counterpoint” ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tione njira zingapo zofunika za polyphony.
Kutsatira
Kutsanzira ndi pamene liwu lachiwiri (lotsanzira) limalowa m'mawu oyambirira a monophonic patapita nthawi, omwe amabwereza ndime yomwe inamveka kale pamtundu womwewo kapena wosiyana. Mwadongosolo zikuwoneka ngati motere:
Tiyeni tifotokoze momveka bwino kuti liwu loti “chotsutsana” lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito pachithunzichi ndi liwu lotsagana ndi liwu lina m’nyimbo za anthu ambiri. Harmonic consonance imatheka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana: nyimbo yowonjezera, kusintha kwa nyimbo, ndi zina zotero.
Kutsanzira kovomerezeka
Canonical, imakhalanso kutsanzira kosalekeza - njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe sikuti ndime yomwe inamveka kale imabwerezedwa, komanso yowonjezera. Ndi momwe ziriri zikuwoneka ngati schema:
Mawu akuti "malumikizidwe", omwe mumawawona pachithunzichi, amangotanthauza magawo obwerezabwereza a kutsanzira kovomerezeka. M’fanizo lili pamwambali, tikuwona zinthu zitatu za liwu loyambirira, zomwe zimabwerezedwa ndi mawu otsanzira. Kotero pali 3 maulalo.
Canon yomaliza ndi yopanda malire
Canon yomaliza ndi canon yopanda malire ndi mitundu yotsatsira yovomerezeka. Canon yopanda malire imaphatikizapo kubwereranso kwa zinthu zoyambirira panthawi ina. Buku lomaliza silimapereka zobwezera zoterezi. Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa kusinthika kwa kanoni yomaliza. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiwone kodi canon yopanda malire imawoneka bwanji, ndikumvetsetsa kusiyana kwake:
Tiyeni tifotokoze momveka bwino kuti canon yopanda malire ya gulu la 1 imatanthawuza kutsanzira ndi maulalo a 2, ndipo canon yopanda malire ya gulu lachiwiri ndikutsanzira ndi kuchuluka kwa maulalo kuchokera ku 2 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kutsatizana kosavuta
Kutsatizana kosavuta ndiko kusuntha kwa chinthu cha polyphonic kupita ku phula losiyana, pamene chiŵerengero (nthawi) pakati pa zigawo za chinthucho. sichisintha:
Chifukwa chake, mu chithunzichi, chilembo "A" chimatanthawuza mawu oyamba, chilembo "B" chimayimira mawu otsanzira, ndipo manambala 1 ndi 2 akuwonetsa kusuntha koyamba ndi kwachiwiri kwa polyphonic element.
Complex counterpoint
Complex counterpoint ndi njira ya polyphonic yomwe imaphatikiza njira zambiri zama polyphonic zomwe zimakulolani kuti mupange nyimbo zatsopano kuchokera ku polyphony yoyambirira mwa kusintha chiŵerengero cha mawu kapena kusintha nyimbo zomwe zimapanga polyphony yoyambirira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya counterpoint:
Kutengera komwe kuloledwa kwa mawu anyimbo, zoyimirira, zopingasa ndi ziwiri (nthawi yomweyo ofukula ndi yopingasa) zimasiyanitsidwa.
Ndipotu, counterpoint yovuta imatchedwa "complex". Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito bwino phunziro lotsatira khutu, mudzazindikira mosavuta njira ya polyphonic ndi khutu.
Izi ndi zina mwa njira zosavuta za polyphonic kuti woyimba woyamba amvetsetse. Mutha kuphunzira zambiri za izi ndi njira zina zama polyphonic kuchokera m'buku la katswiri wanyimbo, membala wa Union of Composers of Russia, membala wofananira wa Petrovsky Academy of Science and Arts Valentina Osipova "Polyphony". Njira za Polyphonic" [V. Osipova, 2006].
Titaphunzira zina mwa njira za polyphony, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti timvetsetse kagawidwe ka mitundu ya polyphony.
Mitundu ya polyphony
Pali mitundu 4 ikuluikulu ya polyphony. Iliyonse mwa mitunduyi imachokera makamaka pamtundu wina wa njira zama polyphonic. Mayina amitundu ya polyphony nthawi zambiri amalankhula okha.
Kodi polyphony ndi chiyani?
| 1 | Kutsatira - mtundu wa polyphony momwe mawu osiyanasiyana amasinthirana kuyimba nyimbo yomweyo. Kutsanzira polyphony kumaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zotsanzira. |
| 2 | subvocal - mtundu wa polyphony, pomwe nyimbo yayikulu ndi zosiyana zake, zomwe zimatchedwa echoes, nthawi imodzi zimamveka. Ma echoes amatha kukhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana akulankhula ndi kudziyimira pawokha, koma amamvera mzere wamba. |
| 3 | Kusiyanitsa (zosiyana-zamdima) - mtundu wa polyphony, kumene mawu osiyana ndi osiyana kwambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mawu ofanana. Kusiyanaku kumagogomezeredwa ndi kusiyana kwa kayimbidwe ka mawu, kamvekedwe ka mawu, kamvekedwe ka mawu, kamvekedwe ka mawu, liwiro la kusuntha kwa zidutswa za nyimbo, ndi m’njira zina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wa nyimbo zimaperekedwa ndi maubwenzi onse a tonality ndi tonation. |
| 4 | Zabisika - mtundu wa polyphony, momwe mzere wa mawu a monophonic, titero, umagawanika kukhala mizere ingapo, yomwe ili ndi malingaliro ake. |
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zamtundu uliwonse wa polyphony m'buku la "Polyphony. Njira za Polyphonic" [V. Osipova, 2006], kotero tikusiyirani inu. Tafika pafupi ndi mutu wofunikira kwa woyimba aliyense ndi wopeka monga kusakaniza nyimbo.
Zoyambira zosakaniza nyimbo
Lingaliro la "polyphony" likukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kusakaniza nyimbo ndikupeza nyimbo yomaliza. Poyambirira tidaphunzira kuti polyphony imatanthawuza mfundo yowonjezeretsa mawu (mawu ndi nyimbo) pamaziko a ntchito zofanana. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa polyphony, mwachitsanzo, kuyimba kwa nyimbo ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo ndi/kapena mawu. Polyphony imatanthawuza kusakanikirana kwa mawu angapo odziyimira pawokha ndi / kapena nyimbo kukhala nyimbo imodzi.
Kunena zoona, kusakaniza nyimbo ndikofanana kwa polyphony, kokha pa kompyuta, osati pa ndodo yoimba. Kusakaniza kumaphatikizaponso kugwirizana kwa mizere iwiri ya nyimbo - mawu ndi "back track" kapena kutsagana ndi chida choimbira. Ngati pali zida zambiri, kusanganikirana kumasandulika kukhala bungwe la kugwirizana kwa mizere yambiri ya nyimbo, iliyonse yomwe ingakhale yopitilira mu ntchito yonse, kapena kuwonekera ndikuzimiririka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ngati mubwereranso pang'ono ndikuyang'ananso zowonetsera zojambulajambula za njira za polyphonic, mudzawona zambiri zofanana ndi mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu ambiri apakompyuta opangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mawu. Monga momwe njira zambiri zama polyphonic zimasonyezedwera molingana ndi dongosolo la "liwu limodzi - track imodzi", mapulogalamu opangira mawu amakhala ndi nyimbo yosiyana pamzere uliwonse wanyimbo. Izi ndi zomwe mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wosakaniza nyimbo ziwiri ungawonekere mu SoundForge:
Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kusakaniza, mwachitsanzo, mawu, gitala lamagetsi, gitala la bass, synthesizer ndi ng'oma, padzakhala nyimbo zisanu. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kupanga chojambulira cha orchestral, padzakhala kale nyimbo zingapo, imodzi pa chida chilichonse.
Njira yosakaniza nyimbo sikuti imangotsatira zolemba za nyimbo ndi malo enieni a chiyambi ndi mapeto a mizere ya nyimbo wachibale wina ndi mzake. Ngakhale izi sizili zophweka, ngati pali zolemba zambiri za khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zinayi muzojambula, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kugunda kuposa chiwerengero.
Zowonadi, wopanga zomveka ayenera kumva ndikuchepetsa kuphatikizika kwa mawu akunja omwe angawonekere ngakhale akujambula mu studio yabwino, osatchulanso zojambulira zomwe zimapangidwa kunyumba kapena, mosiyana, pamakonsati. Ngakhale, kujambula kwamoyo kungakhalenso kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Chitsanzo ndi nyimbo yamoyo HAARP yolembedwa ndi British rock band Muse. Zojambulazo zidapangidwa pa Wembley Stadium. Kenaka, ndi kusiyana kwa tsiku la 1, ma concerts 2 a gululo anachitika: pa June 16 ndi 17. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pa ma CD a CD, adajambula pa June 16, ndi mavidiyo a DVD, adagwiritsa ntchito. kujambula nyimbo, yomwe inachitika pa June 17, 2007:
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, wopanga zokuzira mawu kapena wopanga mawu amayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti asandutse ngakhale polyphony yojambulidwa bwino kukhala ntchito yomaliza yomaliza. Iyi ndi njira yopangira yomwe muyenera kuganizira ma nuances ambiri. Koma, monga tawonera mobwerezabwereza, nyimbo zimafotokozedwa ndi magulu enieni owerengeka - hertz, decibels, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo palinso njira zosakanikirana bwino za njanji, ndipo malingaliro onse aukadaulo ndi okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepo.
Zofunikira pakujambulitsa kwamtundu wabwino
Njirazi zidapangidwa ndi International Organisation for Television and Radio Broadcasting (OIRT), yomwe idakhalapo mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, ndipo imadziwika kuti OIRT Protocol, ndipo zomwe zili mu Protocol zimatengerabe magawo ambiri ngati maziko. powunika mtundu wa zojambulidwa. Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule zomwe kujambula kwapamwamba kuyenera kukwaniritsa malinga ndi Protocol iyi.
Chidule cha zomwe zili mu OIRT Protocol:
1 | okhudza malo yosindikiza - zimamveka kuti kujambula kuyenera kumveka ngati kowoneka bwino komanso kwachilengedwe, kumveka kuyenera kusokoneza mawu, zowunikira ndi zina zapadera siziyenera kusokoneza malingaliro a nyimbo. |
2 | Kuwonekera - zimatanthawuza kumveka kwa mawu a nyimboyo komanso kusiyanitsa kwa phokoso la chida chilichonse chomwe chikugwira nawo kujambula. |
3 | Musical bwino - chiŵerengero chabwino cha kuchuluka kwa mawu ndi zida, magawo osiyanasiyana a ntchito. |
4 | Chizindikiro - kumveka bwino kwa mawu ndi zida, mwachilengedwe kuphatikiza kwawo. |
5 | Stereo - kumatanthauza kufananiza kwa malo azizindikiro zachindunji ndi mawonetsedwe, kufanana ndi chilengedwe cha malo a magwero amawu. |
6 | Quality Kumveka chithunzi - kusakhalapo kwa zolakwika, kupotoza kopanda mzere, zosokoneza, phokoso lakunja. |
7 | Makhalidwe kuphedwa - kumenya zolemba, rhythm, tempo, katchulidwe koyenera, kuphatikizana bwino. Kupatuka kuchokera ku tempo ndi rhythm kumaloledwa kuti akwaniritse kuwonetsera kwakukulu kwaluso. |
8 | Mitundu yamphamvu - zikutanthawuza chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro chothandiza ndi phokoso, chiŵerengero cha mlingo wa phokoso pamapiri ndi zigawo zokhala chete zojambulira, kulemberana kwa mphamvu ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kumvetsera. |
Kutsatira njira za Protocol kumayesedwa pamlingo wa 5-point. Protocol ya OIRT imatsatiridwa kwambiri pakuwunika nyimbo zachikale, zamtundu wamtundu ndi jazi. Pa nyimbo zamagetsi, za pop ndi rock, palibe protocol imodzi yowunika momwe mawu amamvekera, ndipo zomwe OIRT Protocol zili ndi upangiri wambiri. Njira imodzi kapena imzake, kuti mupange kujambula kwapamwamba, zofunikira zina zaukadaulo zimafunikira. Tiye tikambirane za iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Othandizira ukadaulo
Pamwambapa, tayamba kale kuyankhula za mfundo yakuti pa zotsatira zomaliza zapamwamba, zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndizofunikira. Chifukwa chake, pakujambulitsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa jazi, nyimbo zachikale ndi zamtundu, kujambula pa maikolofoni ya stereo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe pambuyo pake sizifuna kusakanikirana. Kwenikweni, ma analogi, digito kapena makina osakanikirana (amakhalanso osakaniza) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusakaniza. Sequencers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusakaniza pafupifupi nyimbo.
Zofunikira zaukadaulo zamakompyuta nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi opanga mapulogalamu apakompyuta kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mawu. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuyang'ana chipangizo chanu kuti chitsatire zomwe mukufuna mukasankha kusankha mapulogalamu. Mpaka pano, pali mapulogalamu angapo otchuka opangira ma audio ndi kusakaniza mawu.
Zomveka zomveka
Choyamba, zatchulidwa kale pamwambapa Zomveka zomveka. Ndiwosavuta chifukwa ili ndi magawo oyambira osinthira mawu, ndipo mutha kupeza mtundu waulere wachilankhulo cha Chirasha [MoiProgrammy.net, 2020]:
Ngati mukufunikira kumvetsetsa Chingelezi, pali malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane [B. Kairov, 2018].
Kumveka
Kachiwiri, pulogalamu ina yabwino komanso yosavuta ya chilankhulo cha Chirasha Kumveka [Kukhazikika, 2020]:
Kuphatikiza pa mtundu waulere, mutha kupeza buku lanzeru kwambiri [Audacity 2.2.2, 2018].
Dehumaniser 2
Chachitatu, amakondedwa ndi omwe amapanga masewera apakompyuta komanso mawu owonjezera. Dehumaniser 2. Mawonekedwewa ali mu Chingerezi ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri, koma mutha kuzizindikira:
Ndipo sikudzakhala kusakanikirana, komanso mwayi wopanga mawu [Krotos, 2020].
Cubase Elements
Chachinayi, m’pofunika kumvetsera kwambiri pulogalamu Cubase Elements [Cuba Elements, 2020]. Kumeneko, kuwonjezera pa magwiridwe antchito, palinso gulu loyimba lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wopanga nyimbo "kuyambira pachiwopsezo" kapena "kukumbutsani" zojambula zomwe zidapangidwa kale, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zama polyphonic zomwe zidaphunziridwa kale:
Musanayambe, phunzirani mwachidule ntchito za pulogalamuyi [A. Olenchikov, 2017].
Effecttrix
Ndipo potsiriza, izi ndi zotsatira sequencer Effecttrix. Kuti mugwire nawo ntchito, mufunikira chidziwitso, koma ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire pulogalamuyi tsopano, chifukwa ndikuchita pafupipafupi, chidziwitso chidzabwera posachedwa [Sugar Bytes, 2020]:
Mutha kuphunzira zambiri kuchokera m'nkhani yakuti "Mapulogalamu osakaniza nyimbo ndi mawu", pomwe mapulogalamu khumi ndi awiri amaganiziridwa, kuphatikizapo oimba akatswiri ndi ma DJs [V. Kairov, 2020]. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za kukonzekera kusakaniza njanji.
Kusakaniza kukonzekera ndi kusakaniza ndondomeko
Mukakonzekera bwino, mofulumira komanso bwino kusakaniza kudzakhala. Sizokhudza chithandizo chaukadaulo, malo ogwirira ntchito omasuka komanso kuyatsa kwapamwamba. Ndikofunika kuganizira nkhani zingapo za bungwe, komanso mbali za ntchito ya ubongo wa hemispheres. Kwenikweni, zindikirani…
Momwe mungakonzekere kusakaniza:
| ✔ | Lembetsani mafayilo onse omvera kuti ziwonekere pomwe chilichonse chili. Osati 01, 02, 03 ndi kupitirira apo, koma "mawu", "bass", "ng'oma", "mabacking vocals" ndi zina zotero. |
| ✔ | Valani mahedifoni anu ndikuchotsani kudina pamanja kapena ndi pulogalamu yoyeretsa mawu. Ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu, fufuzani zotsatira ndi khutu. Ntchito yokhazikikayi iyenera kuchitidwa isanayambe ntchito yolenga. ma hemispheres osiyanasiyana a ubongo ali ndi udindo wopanga zinthu komanso kulingalira bwino, ndipo kusinthasintha kosalekeza pakati pa njira kudzachepetsa ubwino wa zonsezi. Mutha kusankha pulogalamu pakuwunikanso "Mapulagi apamwamba 7 apamwamba kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu oyeretsa phokoso kuchokera kuphokoso" [Arefyevstudio, 2018]. |
| ✔ | Sanjani kuchuluka kwa voliyumu pomvetsera zojambulidwa mu mono choyamba. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzindikire msanga kusamvana kwa voliyumu pakumveka kwa zida ndi mawu osiyanasiyana. |
| ✔ | Sinthani zofananira zonse kuti muwongolere kusanja pafupipafupi. Kumbukirani kuti kuyika kwa equalizer kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito. Choncho, mutatha kukonza, onaninso kuchuluka kwa voliyumu. |
Yambani kusakaniza ndi ng'oma, chifukwa amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la ma frequency osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumunsi (bass ng'oma) kupita ku ma frequency apamwamba (zinganga). Pokhapokha mutasunthira ku zida zina ndi mawu. Mutatha kusakaniza zida zazikulu, onjezerani, ngati mwakonzekera, zotsatira zapadera (echo, kusokoneza, kusinthasintha, kuponderezana, etc.).
Kenako, muyenera kupanga chithunzi cha stereo, mwachitsanzo, kukonza zomveka zonse m'munda wa stereo. Pambuyo pake, sinthani dongosolo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa kuya kwa phokoso. Kuti muchite izi, onjezerani kuchedwetsa ndi kubwereza mawu, koma osati mochuluka, apo ayi "idzakanikiza m'makutu" a omvera.
Mukamaliza, yang'anani voliyumu, EQ, zosinthanso ndikusintha ngati kuli kofunikira. Yesani nyimbo yomalizidwa mu studio, kenako pazida zosiyanasiyana: yendetsani fayilo yomvera pa smartphone yanu, piritsi, mverani mgalimoto yanu. Ngati paliponse phokoso limadziwika bwino, ndiye kuti zonse zimachitika molondola!
Mukapeza mawu osadziwika bwino, werengani buku la "Computer Sound Processing" [A. Zagumennov, 2011]. Musachite manyazi ndi mfundo yakuti zambiri zimaganiziridwa pa chitsanzo cha mapulogalamu akale a makompyuta. Malamulo a physics sanasinthe kuyambira pamenepo. Omwe adayesa kale kugwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu osakanikirana amawu amatha kulangizidwa kuti awerenge za "Zolakwa posakaniza nyimbo", zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimapereka malingaliro amomwe mungapewere [I. Evsyukov, 2018].
Ngati mukuwona kuti ndizosavuta kuzindikira kufotokozera komwe kulipo, mutha kuwona vidiyo yophunzitsa pa mutu uwu:
Panthawi yosakaniza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzipuma pang'ono mphindi 45 zilizonse. Izi ndizothandiza osati pa thanzi lanu, komanso kubwezeretsa cholinga cha kuzindikira kwamakutu. Khutu la nyimbo ndilofunika kwambiri pakusakaniza kwapamwamba. Phunziro lathu lotsatira lonse laperekedwa pakukula kwa khutu la nyimbo, koma pakadali pano tikukupatsani kuti mupambane mayeso odziwa bwino zomwe zili mu phunziroli.
Chiyeso cha kumvetsetsa kwa phunziro
Ngati mukufuna kuyesa chidziwitso chanu pamutu waphunziroli, mutha kuyesa mayeso achidule okhala ndi mafunso angapo. Njira imodzi yokha yomwe ingakhale yolondola pafunso lililonse. Mukasankha chimodzi mwazosankha, dongosololi limasunthira ku funso lotsatira. Mfundo zomwe mumalandira zimakhudzidwa ndi kulondola kwa mayankho anu komanso nthawi yomwe mumadutsa. Chonde dziwani kuti mafunso amasiyana nthawi iliyonse, ndipo zosankha zimasokonekera.
Ndipo tsopano tikutembenukira ku chitukuko cha khutu la nyimbo.
Mukhozanso Mukufuna
Kuchulukitsa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwakanthawi: mungamange bwanji?
Kachulukidwe ndi qualitative mtengo wa imeneyi
