Shirley Verrett |

Shirley Verrett

"Black Callas" kulibenso. Anasiya dziko lino pa November 5, 2010. Kutayika kwa Shirley Verret kuchokera mndandanda wosasinthika.

Aliyense wodziwa bwino mabuku otchuka a Kumwera, kaya ndi Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind kapena Louisiana ya Maurice Denouzier, adzadziwa zizindikiro zambiri za moyo wa Shirley Verrett. Anabadwa pa May 31, 1931 ku New Orleans, Louisiana. Uyu ndiye American South weniweni! Cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha atsamunda a ku France (kotero lamulo lomveka bwino la chilankhulo cha Chifalansa, lomwe linali lochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamene Shirley anaimba "Carmen"), chipembedzo chozama kwambiri: banja lake linali la Seventh-day Adventist, ndipo agogo ake aakazi anali achipembedzo. shaman, animism pakati pa Creoles si zachilendo. Abambo Shirley anali ndi kampani yomanga, ndipo pamene iye anali mtsikana, banja anasamukira ku Los Angeles. Shirley anali mmodzi mwa ana asanu. M’makumbukiro ake, iye analemba kuti bambo ake anali munthu wabwino, koma kulanga ana ndi lamba kunali chinthu wamba kwa iye. Zodziwika bwino za chiyambi cha Shirley ndi chipembedzo chake zinamupangitsa kuti avutike pamene chiyembekezo chodzakhala woimba chinali pafupi: banja linagwirizana ndi chisankho chake, koma operayo inatsutsidwa. Achibale sakanamusokoneza ngati zinali za ntchito ya woimba wa konsati monga Marian Anderson, koma opera! Anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo ku Louisiana kwawo ndipo anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Los Angeles kuti amalize maphunziro ake ku Juilliard School ku New York. Kanema wake woyamba anali mu 1957 ya Britten ya The Rape of Lucrezia. Shirley Verrett amayenera kumva kuwawa ndi kunyozeka kwa izi pakhungu lake lomwe. Ngakhale Leopold Stokowski analibe mphamvu: adafuna kuti ayimbire limodzi ndi Schoenberg "Nyimbo za Gurr" mu konsati ku Houston, koma oimba nyimboyi adadzuka mpaka kufa motsutsana ndi woyimba solo wakuda. Iye analankhula za zimenezi m’buku lake lofotokoza mbiri ya moyo wake lomwe I Never Walked Alone.

Mu 1951, Verret wachichepere anakwatiwa ndi James Carter, yemwe anali wamkulu kwa zaka khumi ndi zinayi kuposa iye ndipo adadziwonetsa yekha kukhala munthu wokonda kulamulira ndi kusalolera. Pa zikwangwani za nthawi imeneyo, woimbayo ankatchedwa Shirley Verrett-Carter. Ukwati wake wachiwiri, ndi Lou LoMonaco, unatha mu 1963 ndipo unatha mpaka imfa ya wojambulayo. Panadutsa zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene adapambana mayeso a Metropolitan Opera.

Mu 1959, Verrett adawonekera koyamba ku Europe, ndikumupanga ku Cologne mufilimu ya Nicholas Nabokov The Death of Rasputin. Kusintha kwa ntchito yake kunali 1962: inali nthawi yomwe adasewera ngati Carmen pa Phwando la Worlds Two ku Spoleto ndipo posakhalitsa adayamba ku New York City Opera (Irina mu Weil's Lost in the Stars). Ku Spoleto, banja lake linapezeka ku sewero la "Carmen": achibale ake anamvetsera, kugwada ndi kupempha chikhululukiro kwa Mulungu. Mu 1964, Shirley anaimba Carmen pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre: mfundo mwamtheradi chapadera, poganizira kuti izo zinachitika pa kutalika kwa Cold War.

Pomaliza, ayezi adasweka, ndipo zitseko za nyumba zapamwamba kwambiri za opera padziko lonse lapansi zidatsegulidwa kwa Shirley Verrett: m'ma 60s, zoyambira zake zidachitika ku Covent Garden (Ulrika mu Masquerade Ball), ku Comunale Theatre ku Florence ndi Metropolitan Opera ku New York (Carmen), ku La Scala Theatre (Dalila ku Samson ndi Delila). Pambuyo pake, dzina lake linakongoletsa zikwangwani za nyumba zina zonse zodziwika bwino za opera ndi maholo ochitirako konsati padziko lonse lapansi: Paris Grand Opera, Vienna State Opera, San Francisco Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Carnegie Hall.

M'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 80s, Verrett ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi Boston Opera conductor ndi director Sarah Calwell. Ndi mzinda uno kuti Aida wake, Norma ndi Tosca akugwirizana. Mu 1981, Verrett anaimba Desdemona mu Othello. Koma kupambana kwake koyamba mu sewero la soprano kunachitika kumayambiriro kwa 1967, pamene adayimba gawo la Elizabeth mu nyimbo ya Donizetti ya Mary Stuart pa chikondwerero cha Florentine Musical May. "Kusintha" kwa woimba molunjika kwa maudindo a soprano kunayambitsa mayankho osiyanasiyana. Otsutsa ena osilira anawona ichi kukhala cholakwika. Akhala akutsutsidwa kuti kuimba kwa mezzo-soprano ndi piano za soprano kumapangitsa kuti mawu ake "alekanitse" m'marejista awiri osiyana. Koma Verrett adadwalanso matenda omwe adayambitsa kutsekeka kwa bronchial. Kuukira kungathe "kumutchetcha" mosayembekezereka. Mu 1976, adayimba gawo la Adalgiza ku Met ndipo, patatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi, paulendo ndi gulu lake, Norma. Ku Boston, Norma wake adalonjezedwa ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Koma patapita zaka zitatu, mu 1979, pamene pomalizira pake anawonekera ngati Norma pa siteji ya Met, adadwala, ndipo izi zinasokoneza kuyimba kwake. Okwana, iye anachita pa siteji ya zisudzo wotchuka nthawi 126, ndipo, monga ulamuliro, anali wopambana kwambiri.

Mu 1973 Metropolitan Opera inatsegulidwa ndi kuyamba kwa Les Troyens ndi Berlioz ndi John Vickers monga Aeneas. Verrett sanangoyimba Cassandra mu gawo loyamba la duology ya opera, komanso adalowa m'malo mwa Christa Ludwig monga Dido mu gawo lachiwiri. Kuchita uku kwakhalabe kosatha m'mabuku a opera. Mu 1975, pa Met yomweyo, adapambana ngati Neocles mu Rossini's The Siege of Corinth. Othandizana nawo anali Justino Diaz ndi Beverly Sills: kwa omaliza anali kuchedwa kwanthawi yayitali pa siteji ya nyumba yotchuka kwambiri ya opera ku United States. Mu 1979 anali Tosca ndipo Cavaradossi wake anali Luciano Pavarotti. Ntchitoyi idawonetsedwa pa TV ndikutulutsidwa pa DVD.

Verrett anali nyenyezi ya Paris Opera, yemwe adapanga mwapadera Mose wa Rossini, Medea wa Cherubini, Macbeth wa Verdi, Iphigenia ku Tauris ndi Alceste wa Gluck. Mu 1990, adatenga nawo gawo popanga Les Troyens, wodzipereka pachikondwerero chazaka XNUMX kuchokera ku mphepo yamkuntho ya Bastille komanso kutsegulidwa kwa Bastille Opera.

Kupambana kwa zisudzo kwa Shirley Verrett sikunawonetsedwe mokwanira muzolemba. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, adalemba ku RCA: Orpheus ndi Eurydice, The Force of Destiny, Luisa Miller ndi Carlo Bergonzi ndi Anna Moffo, Un ballo mu maschera ndi Bergonzi yemweyo ndi Leontine Price, Lucrezia Borgi ndi Montserrat Caballe ndi Alfredo Kraus. Ndiye yekha ndi RCA inatha, ndipo kuyambira 1970 zojambulidwa za zisudzo ndi kutenga nawo mbali anamasulidwa pansi zolemba za EMI, Westminster Records, Deutsche Grammophon ndi Decca. Awa ndi Don Carlos, Anna Boleyn, Norma (gawo la Adalgisa), Siege of Corinth (gawo la Neocles), Macbeth, Rigoletto ndi Il trovatore. Zowonadi, makampani opanga nyimbo samamusamalira kwenikweni.

Ntchito yabwino komanso yapadera ya Verrett inatha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Mu 1994, Shirley adamupanga kukhala Netti Fowler mu nyimbo za Rodgers ndi Hammerstein za Carousel. Nthawi zonse ankakonda nyimbo zamtunduwu. Pachimake pa udindo wa Natty ndi nyimbo yoti “Sudzayenda Wekha”. Mawu ofotokozerawa adakhala mutu wa bukhu la mbiri ya Shirley Verrett, I Never Walked Alone, ndipo sewerolo linapambana mphoto zisanu za Tony.

Mu Seputembala 1996, Verrett adayamba kuphunzitsa kuyimba pa University of Michigan's School of Music, Theatre ndi Dance. Adachita maphunziro apamwamba ku United States ndi Europe.

Liwu la Shirley Verrett linali lachilendo, liwu lapadera. Liwuli, mosakayikira, silingaganizidwe kuti ndi lalikulu, ngakhale otsutsa ena amati ndi "amphamvu". Kumbali ina, woimbayo anali ndi timbre sonorous, kupanga phokoso lomveka bwino komanso timbre payekha (ndipo palibe vuto lalikulu la oimba amakono!). Verrett anali m'modzi mwa otsogola a mezzo-sopranos a m'badwo wake, kutanthauzira kwake kwa maudindo monga Carmen ndi Delila kudzakhalabebe m'mabuku a opera. Osaiwalika ndi Orpheus wake mu opera ya Gluck ya dzina lomwelo, Leonora mu The Favorite, Azucena, Princess Eboli, Amneris. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusakhalapo kwa zovuta zilizonse mu kaundula wapamwamba ndi sonority zinamulola kuti azichita bwino mu nyimbo za soprano. Anaimba Leonora mu Fidelio, Celica mu The African Woman, Norma, Amelia mu Un ballo mu maschera, Desdemona, Aida, Santuzza mu Rural Honor, Tosca, Judit mu Bartók's Bluebeard Duke's Castle, Madame Lidoin mu "Dialogues of the Carmelites" Poulenc. Kupambana kwapadera kunatsagana naye pa udindo wa Lady Macbeth. Ndi opera iyi adatsegula nyengo ya 1975-76 ku Teatro alla Scala motsogozedwa ndi Giorgio Strehler ndikuwongoleredwa ndi Claudio Abbado. Mu 1987, Claude d'Anna adajambula opera ndi Leo Nucci monga Macbeth ndi Riccardo Chailly ngati wotsogolera. Sizingakhale kukokomeza kunena kuti Verrett anali m'modzi mwa ochita bwino kwambiri paudindo wa Dona m'mbiri yonse ya opera iyi, ndipo goosebumps amadutsa pakhungu la omvera omvera powonera filimuyo.

Mawu a Verrett akhoza kutchulidwa ngati "falcon" soprano, zomwe sizili zophweka kufotokoza momveka bwino. Ndi mtanda pakati pa soprano ndi mezzo-soprano, liwu lokondedwa makamaka ndi olemba nyimbo a ku France a m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi ndi anthu a ku Italy omwe analemba zisudzo za siteji ya Paris; mbali za mawu amtunduwu ndi monga Celica, Delilah, Dido, Princess Eboli.

Shirley Verret anali ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa, kumwetulira kokongola, chisangalalo cha siteji, mphatso yeniyeni yochita. Koma akhalabe m'mbiri ya nyimbo komanso ngati wofufuza mosatopa pankhani ya mawu, mawu, mithunzi ndi njira zatsopano zofotokozera. Iye ankaona kuti mawuwo ndi ofunika kwambiri. Makhalidwe onsewa apangitsa kuti tifananize ndi Maria Callas, ndipo Verrett nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "La nera Callas, Black Callas".

Shirley Verrett adatsazikana ndi dziko pa Novembara 5, 2010 ku Ann Arbor. Anali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi. Okonda mawu sangadalire mawonekedwe a mawu ngati mawu ake. Ndipo zidzakhala zovuta, kapena zosatheka, kuti oimba aziimba ngati Lady Macbeth.