Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

Mphamvu zamapiri, kuyenda mofulumira kwa mitsinje, maluwa okongola a Georgia ndi nzeru zakale za anthu ake - zonsezi zinaphatikizidwa mwachikondi mu ntchito yake ndi wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Georgia O. Taktakishvili. Malingana ndi miyambo ya nyimbo za Chijojiya ndi Chirasha (makamaka, pa ntchito ya woyambitsa sukulu ya dziko la wolemba nyimbo Z. Paliashvili), Taktakishvili adalenga ntchito zambiri zomwe zinaphatikizidwa mu thumba la golide la chikhalidwe cha mayiko a Soviet.

Taktakishvili anakulira m'banja loimba. Anaphunzitsidwa ku Tbilisi Conservatory m'kalasi ya Pulofesa S. Barkhudaryan. Zinali m'zaka za Conservatory kuti talente wamng'ono woimba ananyamuka mofulumira, amene dzina lake anali atadziwika kale mu Georgia. Woimbayo wamng'ono analemba nyimbo, yomwe inadziwika kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri pa mpikisano wa Republican ndipo inavomerezedwa ngati Nyimbo Yadziko Lachi Georgian SSR. Nditamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu (1947-50), maubwenzi ndi Conservatory sanasokonezedwe. Kuyambira 1952, Taktakishvili wakhala akuphunzitsa polyphony ndi zida kumeneko, mu 1962-65. - iye ndi rector, ndipo kuyambira 1966 - pulofesa mu kalasi ya zikuchokera.

Ntchito zomwe zidapangidwa m'zaka zamaphunziro mpaka chapakati pazaka za m'ma 50 zikuwonetsa kutengera kwabwino kwa wolemba wachinyamatayo miyambo yakale yachikondi. 2 symphonies, First Piano Concerto, ndakatulo ya symphonic "Mtsyri" - izi ndi ntchito zomwe zithunzi ndi njira zina zowonetsera khalidwe la nyimbo zachikondi komanso zogwirizana ndi zaka zachikondi za wolemba zinawonetsedwa kwambiri. .

Kuyambira m'ma 50s. Taktakishvili akugwira ntchito mwakhama m'munda wa nyimbo za nyimbo za chipinda. Kuzungulira kwa mawu azaka zimenezo kunakhala labotale yolenga ya woimbayo: mwa iwo adafufuza mawu ake, kalembedwe kake, komwe kunakhala maziko a nyimbo zake za opera ndi oratorio. Nkhani zambiri zachikondi za mavesi za olemba ndakatulo a ku Georgia a V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze pambuyo pake anaphatikizidwa m’mabuku akuluakulu oimba ndi oimba a Taktakishvili.

Opera ya "Mindiya" (1960), yolembedwa motengera ndakatulo ya V. Pshavela, idakhala yofunika kwambiri pakupanga njira ya wolembayo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito ya Taktakishvili ikukonzekera kutembenukira kumitundu yayikulu - opera ndi oratorios, ndi gawo la nyimbo zoimbira - kumaimba. Munali m'mitundu iyi kuti zida zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zoyambirira za luso la kulenga la wolemba zidawululidwa. Opera "Mindiya", yomwe imachokera ku nkhani ya mnyamata Mindni, yemwe ali ndi luso lotha kumvetsetsa mawu a chilengedwe, adawonetsa bwino makhalidwe onse a Taktakishvili wolemba sewero: luso lopanga zithunzi zomveka bwino za nyimbo, kusonyeza kukula kwawo m'maganizo. , ndi kupanga zithunzi zovuta. "Mindiya" adachita bwino m'nyumba zingapo za opera mdziko lathu komanso kunja.

Ma opera awiri otsatirawa ndi Taktakishvili - triptych "Miyoyo Atatu" (2), adapangidwa pamaziko a ntchito za M. Javakhishvili ndi G. Tabidze, ndi "Kubedwa kwa Mwezi" (1967) potengera buku la K. Gamsakhurdia - fotokozerani za moyo wa anthu aku Georgia m'nthawi ya chisinthiko komanso m'masiku oyamba osinthira. Mu 1976s. Zisudzo 70 zoseketsa zidapangidwanso, kuwulula mbali yatsopano ya talente ya Taktakishvili - nyimbo ndi nthabwala zamakhalidwe abwino. Izi ndi "Mnyamata Wachinyamata" zochokera m'nkhani yachidule ya M. Javakhishvili ndi "Eccentrics" ("Chikondi Choyamba") yochokera ku nkhani ya R. Gabriadze.

Chikhalidwe chachilengedwe ndi luso lachikale, zithunzi za mbiri yakale ndi zolemba za Chijojiya ndizo mitu ya Taktakishvili ndi ntchito zazikulu za mawu ndi symphonic - oratorios ndi cantatas. Ma oratorio awiri abwino kwambiri a Taktakishvili, "Kutsatira Mapazi a Rustaveli" ndi "Nikoloz Baratashvili", ali ndi zofanana kwambiri. Mwa iwo, wolembayo akuwonetsa za tsogolo la olemba ndakatulo, ntchito yawo. Pamtima pa oratorio M'mapazi a "Rustaveli" (1963) ndi kuzungulira kwa ndakatulo za I. Abashidze. Mutu wamutu wa "Solemn Chants" umatanthawuza mtundu waukulu wa zithunzi zanyimbo - uku ndikuyimba, kutamanda wolemba ndakatulo wa Georgia ndi nkhani yokhudza tsoka lake. The oratorio Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), wodzipereka kwa wolemba ndakatulo wachikondi waku Georgia wazaka za zana la XNUMX, akuphatikizanso zokhumudwitsa, nyimbo zamanyimbo zamanyimbo, komanso kuthamangira ku ufulu. Mwambo wa nthanowu udasinthidwa mwatsopano komanso mowoneka bwino mu Taktakishvili's vocal-symphonic triptych - "Gurian Songs", "Mingrelian Songs", "nyimbo zaku dziko zaku Georgia". M'zolemba izi, zigawo zoyambirira za nyimbo zakale za ku Georgia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, woimbayo analemba oratorio "Ndi lyre of Tsereteli", nyimbo yoimba "Kartala tunes".

Taktakishvili analemba zambiri zoimbira nyimbo. Iye ndiye wolemba nyimbo zinayi za piyano, ziwiri za violin, imodzi ya cello. Nyimbo za Chamber (Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano Trio), ndi nyimbo za kanema ndi zisudzo (Oedipus Rex ku S. Rustaveli Theatre ku Tbilisi, Antigone ku I. Franko Theatre ku Kyiv, "Nthano ya Zima" mu Moscow Art Theatre) .

Taktakishvili nthawi zambiri ankagwira ntchito ngati wochititsa ntchito zake (zambiri zoyamba zake zinkachitika ndi wolemba), monga mlembi wa nkhani zokhudza mavuto aakulu a zilandiridwenso wopeka, ubale wowerengeka ndi luso luso, ndi maphunziro nyimbo. Kugwira ntchito yayitali monga Unduna wa Chikhalidwe cha Chijojiya SSR, ntchito yogwira ntchito mu Union of Composers ya USSR ndi Georgia, kuyimira pamilandu ya All-Union ndi mpikisano wapadziko lonse - zonsezi ndi mbali za ntchito yapagulu ya wolemba Otar. Taktakishvili, yomwe adapatulira kwa anthu, pokhulupirira kuti "palibe ntchito yolemekezeka kwa wojambula kuposa kukhala ndi moyo ndi kulenga anthu, m'dzina la anthu.

V. Cenova