Chinsinsi cha ma violin anzeru a Stradivarius

Malo ndi tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa katswiri wodziwika bwino wa violinist wa ku Italy Antonio Stradivari sizinatsimikizidwe ndendende. Zaka zowerengeka za moyo wake zimachokera ku 1644 mpaka 1737. 1666, Cremona - ichi ndi chizindikiro pa imodzi mwa ma violin ambuye, zomwe zimapereka chifukwa chonena kuti m'chaka chino ankakhala ku Cremona ndipo anali wophunzira wa Nicolo Amati.

Mbuye wamkulu adapanga ma violin opitilira 1000, ma cello ndi ma viola, kupereka moyo wake kupanga ndi kukonza zida zomwe zidzalemekeza dzina lake kosatha. Pafupifupi 600 mwa iwo apulumuka mpaka lero. Akatswiri amazindikira chikhumbo chake chosalekeza chopatsa zida zake zomveka zamphamvu komanso zomveka bwino.

Amalonda ochita malonda, podziwa za mtengo wapamwamba wa ma violin a ambuye, amapereka kugula zabodza kwa iwo pafupipafupi. Stradivari adalemba ma violin onse mofanana. Chizindikiro chake ndi choyambirira AB ndi mtanda wa Malta woyikidwa mozungulira. Zowona za violin zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri wodziwa zambiri.

Mfundo zina za mbiri ya Stradivari

Mtima wa wanzeru Antonio Stradivari unayima pa December 18, 1737. Akuti akanakhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 89 mpaka 94, kupanga pafupifupi 1100 violin, cellos, bas awiri ndi violas. Nthawi ina anapanganso zeze. Chifukwa chiyani chaka chenicheni cha kubadwa kwa mbuye sichidziwika? Chowonadi ndi chakuti mliri udalamulira ku Europe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Kuopsa kwa matenda kunakakamiza makolo a Antonio kuthawira kumudzi kwawo. Zimenezi zinapulumutsa banja.

Sidziwikanso chifukwa chake, ali ndi zaka 18, Stradivari adatembenukira kwa Nicolo Amati, wopanga violin. Mwina mtima wanu wakuuzani? Nthawi yomweyo Amati adamuwona ngati wophunzira wanzeru ndipo adamutenga ngati wophunzira wake. Antonio anayamba ntchito yake monga wantchito. Kenako anapatsidwa ntchito yokonza matabwa a filigree, kugwira ntchito ndi varnish ndi zomatira. Umu ndi momwe wophunzirayo adaphunzirira pang'onopang'ono zinsinsi za luso.

Kodi chinsinsi cha violin Stradivarius ndi chiyani?

Zimadziwika kuti Stradivari ankadziwa zambiri zachinsinsi cha "makhalidwe" a matabwa a violin; maphikidwe ophikira varnish yapadera ndi zinsinsi za kukhazikitsa kolondola kwa zingwe zinawululidwa kwa iye. Kale kwambiri ntchitoyo isanamalizidwe, mbuyeyo anazindikira kale mumtima mwake ngati vayoliniyo inkatha kuimba mokoma kapena ayi.

Ambuye ambiri apamwamba sanathe kupitirira Stradivari; sanaphunzire kumva nkhuni m’mitima mwawo monga momwe iye anamvera. Asayansi akuyesera kuti amvetsetse chomwe chimayambitsa sonority yoyera, yapadera ya ma violin a Stradivarius.

Pulofesa Joseph Nagivari (USA) akunena kuti pofuna kusunga nkhuni, mapulo omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga violin otchuka m'zaka za m'ma 18 adapangidwa ndi mankhwala. Izi zinakhudza mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa phokoso la zida. Anadzifunsa kuti: kodi mankhwala olimbana ndi bowa ndi tizilombo angakhale ndi udindo wa chiyero ndi kuwala kwa phokoso la zida zapadera za Cremonese? Pogwiritsa ntchito maginito a nyukiliya ndi ma infrared spectroscopy, adasanthula zitsanzo zamatabwa kuchokera ku zida zisanu.

Nagivari akutsutsa kuti ngati zotsatira za ndondomeko ya mankhwala zitsimikiziridwa, zidzatheka kusintha teknoloji yamakono yopanga violin. Violin idzamveka ngati madola milioni. Ndipo obwezeretsa adzaonetsetsa kusungidwa bwino kwa zida zakale.

Vanishi yomwe idaphimba zida za Stradivarius idawunikidwa nthawi ina. Zinawululidwa kuti kapangidwe kake kali ndi zida za nanoscale. Zikuoneka kuti zaka mazana atatu zapitazo omwe amapanga violin adadalira nanotechnology.

Zaka 3 zapitazo tinachita kuyesa kosangalatsa. Phokoso la violin ya Stradivarius ndi violin yopangidwa ndi Pulofesa Nagivari anafaniziridwa. Omvera 600, kuphatikiza oimba 160, adayesa kamvekedwe ndi mphamvu ya mawu pamlingo wa 10. Zotsatira zake, vayolini ya Nagivari idalandira zambiri. Komabe, opanga violin ndi oimba sazindikira kuti matsenga a zida zawo amamveka kuchokera ku chemistry. Amalonda akale, pofuna kusunga mtengo wawo wapamwamba, akufuna kusunga aura yachinsinsi cha violin zakale.