Parodi |

Greek parodia, kuchokera para - motsutsana, ngakhale ndi ode - nyimbo

1) Mokokomeza, nthabwala. kutsanzira nyimbo zina. kalembedwe, mtundu, nyimbo payekha. ntchito. P. yamtunduwu idapangidwa kuyambira zaka za zana la 17. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawu ang'onoang'ono atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe m'nkhani yake amatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo, komanso kukulitsa, kutsindika mopambanitsa pazinthu zilizonse, njira zowonetsera, ndi nyimbo zomwe zimafanana ndi sukulu yopatsidwa, kalembedwe ka woimba ndi nyimbo. ntchito yosiyana. ndi harmonic. zosintha. Kuti. parodied diff. mitundu wok.-instr. nyimbo. M'mbuyomu, P. adagawidwa kuti awonongeke. zitsanzo za luso la opera. France m'zaka za m'ma 17 ndi 18. pafupifupi zisudzo zonse zotchuka zinali zoseketsa; Malo owonetsera zisudzo adapangidwanso m'maiko ena. 7 P. amadziwika ndi opera ya Lully Attis. P. in Italy. kalembedwe ka opera ndi mndandanda wa GF Handel - "The Beggar's Opera" lolemba J. Gay ndi J. Pepush adawonetsa chiyambi cha Chingerezi. masewera a mpira. Zisudzo za opera nthawi zambiri zidapangidwa mu mtundu wa operetta (Offenbach's Orpheus in Hell). Russian zitsanzo. opera parodies - Vampuka (yolembedwa mu 1909), komanso Bogatyrs ndi Borodin (yolembedwa mu 1867). Anthu a ku Russia analengedwa. P. ndi mitundu ina. Zina mwazo ndi zachikondi "Classic" ndi wok. Mussorgsky's Rayok cycle, wok. quartet "Serenade of four gentlemen to one dona" lolemba Borodin, "Rкverie d'un faune apris la lecture de son journal" ("Maloto a faun mutawerenga nyuzipepala") Cui ya piyano. (chiwonetsero cha orc. op. Debussy "Prelude to? Afternoon of a Faun" "). Zinthu zamtunduwu zinasungabe tanthauzo lake m'zaka za zana la 20. Ntchito zingapo zitha kuperekedwa kudera la P. cycle E. Satie. Ndi P. nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mu Op yake. DD Shostakovich (ballet The Golden Age ndi The Bolt, opera Katerina Izmailova, operetta Moscow, Cheryomushki, mawu ozungulira Satire ku mawu a S. Cherny, etc.). P. amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzojambula zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, P. pa masitampu a nyimbo), mumasewero a zidole (mwachitsanzo, mu T-re ya zidole motsogoleredwa ndi SV Obraztsov), mu nyimbo. mafilimu.

2) M'lingaliro lalikulu, P., malinga ndi chinenero chovomerezeka chachilendo. terminology musicology, - kulengedwa pamaziko a ntchito iliyonse ya nyimbo zatsopano zomwe zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimafanana ndi cholinga, kalembedwe, khalidwe, ndi zina zotero. Zimapanga mtundu wa processing. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti kukonza kumachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito ya wosewera wina. kupanga, pamene P. ndi kulenga kwake. sinthani. Poyerekeza ndi mawu ofotokozera, ili moyandikana kwambiri ndi magwero ake oyambirira. Imodzi mwa njira zopangira nyimbo ndi gawo latsopano la nyimbo inayake kapena ntchito yonse, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa counterfactual kunja (kuchokera kumapeto kwa Latin contrafacio - ndimachita zosiyana, ndimatsanzira). Nyimbo yatsopano yanyimbo zakale inali itafala kale ku Nar. nyimbo, inc. pa “kusinthanitsa” nyimbo zamitundumitundu zogwirizanitsidwa ndi matembenuzidwe, kaŵirikaŵiri matanthauzo osiyana kwambiri ndi malemba oyambirira. Inapeza ntchito mu nyimbo ya Gregorian, popanga nyimbo yachipulotesitanti, pamene nyimbo zadziko, nthawi zina za "zaulere" kwambiri, zinkaphatikizidwa ndi malemba auzimu. Pambuyo pake, mwa njira imeneyi, anthu ambiri anasintha kuchoka ku dziko kupita ku zauzimu. nyimbo prod. - chanson, madrigals, vilanelles, canzonettes. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawu awo apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala nyimbo zauzimu. Zosintha zotere zidafalikira mpaka ser. Zaka za m'ma 17 P. zamtunduwu zinagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 14-16, kumene nyimbo zadziko zochokera ku motets, madrigals, nyimbo zokhala ndi zowonjezera zatsopano, nthawi zina osati zauzimu zokha, komanso zadziko, zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuphatikizapo. satirical, khalidwe ("parodic mass"), mu Magnificat. JS Bach adagwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira pantchito yake, ntchito zingapo zauzimu to-rogo zimayimira tanthauzo latsopano la ntchito zake zakudziko. (mwachitsanzo, maziko a “Easter Oratorio” ndi “Shepherd's Cantata”), ndipo mbali ina GF Handel (yemwe anatembenuza magawo awiri a Utrecht Te Deum kukhala nyimbo ya “Ndichitireni chifundo”). Monga lamulo, subtext yatsopano idapangidwa. (mwachitsanzo, ma motets ndi madrigals omwe amakhala mbali za misa) adaphatikizidwa mu P. ndi njira zambiri kapena zochepa. kukonzanso nyimbo zawo. Kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka m'zaka za zana la 19), lingaliro la kupenta linafikira pakukonza ntchito, zomwe zimapangidwira. kusokoneza kwenikweni kwawo, ngakhale kuti sikunagwirizane ndi kusinthidwa kwa malemba akale ndi atsopano (kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mawu, m'malo mwa zigawo za polyphonic ndi homophonic ndi, mosiyana, kuchepetsa kapena kuyambitsa zigawo zowonjezera, kusintha kwa nyimbo ndi mgwirizano, etc.).