Chimba |

French timbre, english timbre, German Klangfarbe

Kukongoletsa kwa mawu; chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za phokoso la nyimbo (pamodzi ndi phula, phokoso ndi nthawi), zomwe zimamveka phokoso lofanana ndi lalitali, koma zimachitidwa pa zida zosiyanasiyana, m'mawu osiyanasiyana kapena pa chida chimodzi, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana; zikwapu. Timbre imatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zomwe gwero la mawu limapangidwira - vibrator ya chida choimbira, ndi mawonekedwe ake (zingwe, ndodo, zolemba, etc.), komanso resonator (piano decks, violin, mabelu a lipenga; etc.); timbre imakhudzidwa ndi ma acoustics a chipindacho - mawonekedwe afupipafupi a kuyamwa, kuwonetsera malo, kubwereranso, ndi zina zotero. T. imadziwika ndi chiwerengero cha ma overtones mu kapangidwe ka phokoso, chiŵerengero chawo mu msinkhu, voliyumu, phokoso la phokoso; mphindi yoyamba ya kumveka kwa mawu - kuukira (kuthwa, kosalala, kofewa), mapangidwe - madera a mawu owonjezera pang'onopang'ono pamawu, vibrato, ndi zina. T. imadaliranso kuchuluka kwa phokoso la phokoso, pa zolembera - zapamwamba kapena zotsika, pazitsulo pakati pa phokoso. Womvera amadziwika ndi T. Ch. ayi. mothandizidwa ndi ziwonetsero zogwirizanitsa - kuyerekeza khalidwe la phokosoli ndi maonekedwe ake, tactile, gustatory, ndi zina zotero za decomp. zinthu, zochitika ndi malumikizanidwe ake (maphokoso ndi owala, omveka, osasunthika, osasunthika, ofunda, ozizira, ozama, odzaza, akuthwa, ofewa, odzaza, otsekemera, zitsulo, magalasi, etc.); matanthauzo omveka (omveka, ogontha) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo. T. zimakhudza kwambiri kamvekedwe ka mawu. tanthauzo la mawu (kaundula wapansi amamveka ndi mavawelo ochepa okhudzana ndi kukwera nthawi zambiri amawoneka osamveka bwino), kuthekera kwa mawu kufalikira m'chipinda (chikoka cha mapangidwe), kumveka kwa mavawelo ndi makonsonanti pakuchita kwa mawu.

Umboni wotengera maumboni T. mus. zomveka sizinamvekebe. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti kumva kwa timbre kumakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha zone, mwachitsanzo, ndi kuzindikira kwa mawu ndi kamvekedwe komweko, mwachitsanzo. Liwu la violin limafanana ndi gulu lonse la mawu omwe amasiyana pang'ono popanga (onani Zone). T. ndi njira yofunikira ya nyimbo. kufotokoza. Mothandizidwa ndi T., gawo limodzi kapena lina la muses lingasiyanitsidwe. zonse - nyimbo, bass, chord, kupereka chigawo ichi khalidwe, tanthawuzo lapadera lonse, kulekanitsa mawu kapena zigawo wina ndi mzake - kulimbikitsa kapena kufooketsa kusiyana, kutsindika kufanana kapena kusiyana pakati pa ndondomekoyi. chitukuko cha mankhwala; Olemba amagwiritsira ntchito kamvekedwe ka mawu (timbre harmony), masinthidwe, kuyenda, ndi kakulidwe ka kamvekedwe (timbre dramaturgy). Kusaka kwa ma toni atsopano ndi kuphatikiza kwawo (mu orchestra, orchestra) kumapitilira, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zikupangidwa, komanso ma synthesizer amawu omwe amathandizira kupeza ma toni atsopano. Sonoristics yakhala njira yapadera yogwiritsira ntchito ma toni.

Chodabwitsa cha chilengedwe monga chimodzi mwa physico-acoustic. maziko T. anali ndi chikoka champhamvu pa chitukuko cha mgwirizano monga njira nyimbo. kufotokoza; nawonso, m'zaka za zana la 20. pali chizoloŵezi chodziwikiratu mwa kugwirizanitsa kupititsa patsogolo mbali ya timbre ya phokoso (zofanana zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, maulendo atatu akuluakulu, zigawo za maonekedwe, masango, kuwonetsera phokoso la mabelu, ndi zina zotero). Chiphunzitso cha nyimbo kuti afotokoze zinthu zingapo za bungwe la muses. chinenero chatembenukira mobwerezabwereza ku T. Ndi T. mwanjira ina, kusaka kwa muses kumalumikizidwa. tunings (Pythagoras, D. Tsarlino, A. Werkmeister ndi ena), kufotokoza kwa modal-harmonic ndi modal-functional machitidwe a nyimbo (JF Rameau, X. Riemann, F. Gevart, GL Catoire, P. Hindemith ndi ena .ofufuza . ).

Zothandizira: Garbuzov HA, Mawonekedwe achilengedwe ndi matanthauzo ake ogwirizana, mu: Kutoleredwa kwa ntchito za Commission on Musical Acoustics. Proceedings of the HYMN, vol. 1, Moscow, 1925; yake, Zone nature of kumva kwa timbre, M., 1956; Teplov BM, Psychology ya luso loimba, M.-L., 1947, m'buku lake: Mavuto a kusiyana kwa anthu. (ntchito zosankhidwa), M., 1961; Nyimbo zoyimba, gen. ed. Yosinthidwa ndi NA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Agarkov OM, Vibrato monga njira yowonetsera nyimbo poimba violin, M., 1956; Nazaikinsky E., Pars Yu., Kuzindikira kwa timbres za nyimbo ndi tanthauzo la mawu omveka bwino, m'buku: Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira zamawu mu musicology, M., 1964; Pargs Yu., Vibrato ndi phula perception, m'buku: Kugwiritsa ntchito njira za kafukufuku wamayimbidwe mu musicology, M., 1964; Sherman NS, Mapangidwe a yunifolomu temperament system, M., 1964; Mazel LA, Zuckerman VA, Analysis of musical work, (gawo 1), Zinthu za nyimbo ndi njira zowunikira mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, M, 1967, Volodin A., Udindo wa harmonic sipekitiramu pakuwona phula ndi timbre ya phokoso, m’buku .: Zaluso zanyimbo ndi sayansi, kope 1, M., 1970; Rudakov E., Pakaundula wa mawu oyimba ndi kusintha kwa mawu ophimbidwa, ibid.; Nazaikinsky EV, Pa psychology of perception, M., 1972, Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, St. Petersburg, 1875).

Yu. N. Ziguduli