Paul Badura-Skoda |

Paul Badura-Skoda

Woyimba wosunthika - woyimba payekha, woyimba pamodzi, wochititsa, mphunzitsi, wofufuza, wolemba - uyu ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira otsogolera pambuyo pa nkhondo yapasukulu ya piano ya ku Austria. Kwenikweni, sizingakhale zolondola kwathunthu kumuyika mopanda malire ngati sukulu yaku Austrian: pambuyo pake, atamaliza maphunziro a Vienna Conservatory mu kalasi ya limba ya Pulofesa Viola Tern (komanso m'kalasi yochititsa), Badura-Skoda adaphunzira pansi pa malangizo a Edwin Fischer, omwe amawawona ngati mphunzitsi wake wamkulu. Komabe, uzimu wachikondi wa Fischer unasiya chizindikiro champhamvu kwambiri pa maonekedwe a Badur-Skoda; kuonjezera apo, amagwirizana kwambiri ndi Vienna, komwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito, ndi Vienna, zomwe zinamupatsa nyimbo ya piyano komanso zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zomvetsera.

konsati ntchito wa limba anayamba mu 50s. Mwamsanga, adadziwonetsa yekha ngati wodziwa bwino kwambiri komanso wotanthauzira mochenjera wa ma classics a Viennese. Kuchita bwino pamipikisano yambiri yapadziko lonse kunalimbitsa mbiri yake, kunatsegula zitseko za maholo oimba kwa iye, siteji ya zikondwerero zambiri. Otsutsa posakhalitsa adamuzindikira ngati stylist wabwino, zolinga zazikulu zaluso ndi kukoma kosaneneka, kukhulupirika ku chilembo ndi mzimu wa zolemba za wolembayo, ndipo pamapeto pake adapereka ulemu kwa kumasuka ndi ufulu wamasewera ake. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofooka za wojambula wamng'ono sizinawonekere - kusowa kwa kupuma kwakukulu kwa mawu, "kuphunzira", kusalala kwambiri, kuyenda. “Iye amaseŵerabe ndi makiyi, osati ndi mawu,” I. Kaiser anatero mu 1965.

Mboni za kukula kwina kwa luso la ojambulawo anali omvera a Soviet. Badura-Skoda, kuyambira nyengo ya 1968/69, nthawi zonse ankayendera USSR. Nthawi yomweyo adakopa chidwi ndi chinyengo cha nuance, stylistic flair, ukoma wamphamvu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutanthauzira kwake kwa Chopin kunkawoneka ngati kwaulere, nthawi zina sikunali koyenera ndi nyimbo zomwezo. Pambuyo pake, mu 1973, woimba piyano A. Ioheles anafotokoza m’mawu ake kuti Badura-Skoda “wafika pokhala katswiri waluso wodziŵika bwino kwambiri, amene cholinga chake choyamba ndi pa nyimbo zake zakale za ku Viennese.” Zowonadi, ngakhale pamaulendo awiri oyamba, kuchokera ku mbiri yayikulu ya Badur-Skoda, ma sonatas a Haydn (C wamkulu) ndi Mozart (F wamkulu) adakumbukiridwa kwambiri, ndipo tsopano Schubert Sonata mu C yaying'ono adadziwika kuti ndiwopambana kwambiri. , pomwe woyimba piyano adakwanitsa mthunzi "wofuna mwamphamvu, Beethovenian Start".

Woyimba piyano nayenso adasiya chidwi chachikulu pagululo ndi David Oistrakh, yemwe adachita naye ku Nyumba Yaikulu ya Moscow Conservatory. Koma, ndithudi, kukwera pamwamba pa mlingo wa wotsogolera wamba, woyimba piyano anali wocheperapo kwa woyimba zeze wamkulu mozama, tanthauzo laluso ndi kukula kwa kutanthauzira kwa sonatas za Mozart.

Masiku ano, pamaso pa Badur-Skoda, timapatsidwa wojambula, ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochepa, koma wosiyana kwambiri. Chidziwitso cholemera kwambiri komanso chidziwitso cha encyclopedic, pamapeto pake, luso la stylistic limamuthandiza kudziwa magawo osiyanasiyana a nyimbo. Akuti; "Ndimayandikira nyimbo ngati wosewera, womasulira wabwino amayandikira maudindo anga; ayenera kusewera ngwazi, osati iye mwini, kuwonetsa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi zowona zomwezo. Ndipo ndiyenera kunena kuti nthawi zambiri wojambula amapambana, ngakhale atatembenukira kumagulu ooneka ngati akutali. Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake - mu 1951 - Badura-Skoda analemba ma concerto a Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Scriabin pa zolemba, ndipo tsopano amasewera nyimbo za Chopin, Debussy, Ravel, Hindemith, Bartok, Frank Martin (wotsiriza). adapereka Concerto Yachiwiri kwa iye ya piyano ndi orchestra). Ndipo zachikale za Viennese ndi zachikondi zikadali pakatikati pa zokonda zake zopanga - kuchokera ku Haydn ndi Mozart, kudzera pa Beethoven ndi Schubert, kupita ku Schumann ndi Brahms. Ku Austria ndi kunja, zojambulidwa za sonatas za Beethoven zomwe adazipanga ndi zopambana kwambiri, ndipo ku USA adayamikiridwa kwambiri nyimbo yakuti The Complete Collection of Schubert Sonatas Yopangidwa ndi Badur-Skoda, yolembedwa ndi kampani ya RCA. Ponena za Mozart, kumasulira kwake kumadziwikabe ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumveketsa bwino mizere, kumveka bwino kwa kapangidwe kake, ndi kutsogolera kwa mawu ojambulidwa. Badura-Skoda amachita osati nyimbo zambiri zokha za Mozart, komanso ma ensembles ambiri. Jörg Demus wakhala mnzake wanthawi zonse kwa zaka zambiri: adalemba nyimbo zonse za Mozart za piano ziwiri ndi manja anayi pamarekodi. Kugwirizana kwawo sikuli kokha, komabe, kwa Mozart. Mu 1970, pomwe Beethoven adakondwerera zaka 200, abwenzi adawulutsa kuzungulira kwa ma sonatas a Beethoven pawailesi yakanema yaku Austria, kutsagana ndi ndemanga zosangalatsa kwambiri. Badura-Skoda anapereka mabuku awiri ku mavuto a kutanthauzira nyimbo za Mozart ndi Beethoven, imodzi yomwe inalembedwa pamodzi ndi mkazi wake, ndi ina ndi Jörg Demus. Kuphatikiza apo, adalemba zolemba ndi maphunziro ambiri pazakale za Viennese ndi nyimbo zoyambirira, makonsati a Mozart, ntchito zambiri za Schubert (kuphatikiza zongopeka "Wanderer"), "Album ya Achinyamata" ya Schumann. Mu 1971, ali ku Moscow, anakamba nkhani yopindulitsa ku Conservatory pazovuta za kutanthauzira nyimbo zoyambirira. Mbiri ya Badur-Skoda monga wodziwa komanso wochita masewera a Viennese tsopano ndi yokwera kwambiri - amaitanidwa nthawi zonse kuti apereke maphunziro ndi maphunziro ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi osati m'masukulu apamwamba ku Austria, komanso ku USA, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia ndi mayiko ena.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990