Vasily Alekseevich Pashkevich |

Vasily Pashkevich

Zimadziwika kwa dziko lonse lapansi kuti ndizothandiza komanso, kuphatikizanso, nyimbo zoseketsa za zisudzo ... Ichi ndi galasi momwe aliyense amadziwonera yekha ... zoyipa, zomwe sizilemekezedwa, zimaperekedwa kwanthawi zonse ku zisudzo kuti zitiyendere bwino komanso kutiwongolera. Dramatic Dictionary 1787

Zaka za m'ma 1756 zimaonedwa kuti ndi nthawi ya zisudzo, koma ngakhale kumbuyo kwa chilakolako cha zisudzo zamitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chikondi cha dziko lonse cha Russian comic opera, chomwe chinabadwa chachitatu chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana, zodabwitsa ndi mphamvu zake. ndi kukhazikika. Nkhani zowawa kwambiri m'nthawi yathu ino - serfdom, kupembedza kwa alendo, kusamvana kwamalonda, zoyipa zamuyaya za anthu - umbombo, umbombo, nthabwala zamakhalidwe abwino komanso nthabwala za caustic - izi ndizotheka zomwe zidadziwika kale mu nthabwala zoyambira zapakhomo. masewera. Pakati pa omwe adalenga mtunduwu, malo ofunikira ndi a V. Pashkevich, wolemba nyimbo, violinist, conductor, woimba ndi mphunzitsi. Zochita zake zosunthika zidasiya chizindikiro chachikulu panyimbo zaku Russia. Komabe, tikudziwa zochepa kwambiri zokhudza moyo wa wolemba nyimboyo mpaka lero. Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimadziwika ponena za chiyambi chake komanso zaka zake zoyambirira. Malinga ndi malangizo a wolemba mbiri ya nyimbo N. Findeisen, amavomereza kuti mu 1763 Pashkevich adalowa m'bwalo lamilandu. Amadziwika kuti mu 1773 woimbayo anali woyimba zeze m'bwalo la "mpira" orchestra. Mu 74-XNUMX. Pashkevich anaphunzitsa kuyimba ku Academy of Arts, ndipo kenako ku Court Singing Chapel. Anachitira maphunziro ake moyenera, zomwe zinadziwika pofotokozera woimbayo ndi woyang'anira Academy: "... Bambo Pashkevich, mphunzitsi woimba ... anachita bwino ntchito yake ndipo anachita zonse zotheka kuti athandize ophunzira ake kuti apambane ... " Koma gawo lalikulu lomwe talente ya wojambulayo idawululidwa inali - Iyi ndi zisudzo.

Mu 1779-83. Pashkevich anagwirizana ndi Free Russian Theatre, K. Knipper. Kwa gululi, mogwirizana ndi olemba masewero otchuka kwambiri a Y. Knyazhnin ndi M. Matinsky, wolembayo adapanga mafilimu ake abwino kwambiri. Mu 1783, Pashkevich anakhala woimba m'chipinda cha khoti, ndiye "Chapel master of ballroom music", woyimba violinist m'banja la Catherine II. Panthawi imeneyi, woimbayo anali kale woimba wovomerezeka, yemwe adadziwika kwambiri ndipo adalandira udindo wa assessor. Kumayambiriro kwa 3s ndi 80s. Ntchito zatsopano za Pashkevich za zisudzo zidawonekera - zisudzo zochokera m'malemba a Catherine II: chifukwa chodalira pabwalo lamilandu, woimbayo adakakamizika kufotokoza zolemba zazing'ono za Empress komanso zolemba zabodza. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Catherine, wolembayo nthawi yomweyo anachotsedwa popanda penshoni ndipo anamwalira posakhalitsa.

Gawo lalikulu la cholowa cha woimbayo ndi zisudzo, ngakhale nyimbo zakwaya zomwe zidapangidwa posachedwa ku Khothi Loyimba Chapel - Misa ndi makonsati 5 a kwaya ya magawo anayi adziwikanso. Komabe, kukula koteroko kwa mtundu wamtunduwu sikusintha kwenikweni: Pashkevich kwenikweni ndi wolemba zisudzo, wodziwa modabwitsa komanso wodziwa bwino mayankho ogwira mtima. Mitundu iwiri ya zisudzo za Pashkevich imasiyanitsidwa momveka bwino: mbali imodzi, izi ndi zisudzo za demokalase, komano, zimagwira ntchito pabwalo lamilandu ("Fevey" - 2, "Fedul ndi Ana" - 1786 , pamodzi ndi V. Martin-i-Soler ; nyimbo zowonetsera "Oleg's Initial Management" - 1791, pamodzi ndi C. Canobbio ndi J. Sarti). Chifukwa cha kupusa kwakukulu kwa libretto, ma opus awa adakhala osatheka, ngakhale ali ndi nyimbo zambiri zopezeka komanso mawonekedwe owala. Zochitika m'bwaloli zidasiyanitsidwa ndi zapamwamba zomwe sizinachitikepo. Munthu wina wodabwitsidwa wa m’nthaŵiyo analemba za opera ya Fevey kuti: “Sindinaonepo choonera chamitundumitundu ndi chokongola kwambiri, panali anthu oposa mazana asanu pabwalo! Komabe, muholo ... tonse pamodzi tinali owonerera osakwana makumi asanu: Mfumukaziyi ndi yovuta kwambiri ponena za mwayi wopita ku Hermitage. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ma opera awa sanasiye chizindikiro chodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya nyimbo za ku Russia. Tsoka losiyana linkayembekezera ma 1790 comic operas - "Tsoka lochokera ku Carriage" (4, lib. Y. Knyazhnina), "The Miser" (c. 1779, lib. Y. Knyazhnin pambuyo pa JB Molière), "Tunisian Pasha" (nyimbo. osati kusungidwa, kwaulere ndi M. Matinsky), "Pamene mukukhala, kotero mudzadziwika, kapena St. Petersburg Gostiny Dvor" (1780st edition - 1, score not reserved, 1782nd edition - 2, free. M. Matinsky) . Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwachiwembu ndi mitundu, zisudzo zonse zoseketsa za wolemba nyimbo zimadziwitsidwa ndi umodzi wamayendedwe oimba mlandu. Amayimira mwachipongwe machitidwe ndi miyambo yomwe idatsutsidwa ndi olemba aku Russia azaka za zana la 1792. Wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba masewero A. Sumarokov analemba kuti:

Tangoganizani kalaliki wopanda mzimu mu dongosolo, Woweruza yemwe samamvetsetsa zomwe zalembedwa mu lamulo Ndiwonetseni dandy yemwe amakweza mphuno yake Zomwe zaka zana zonse zimaganiza za kukongola kwa tsitsi. Ndiwonetseni wonyada wotupidwa ngati chule Wonyozeka amene wakonzeka m'mphako kwa theka.

Wolembayo adasamutsa malo owonetsera nkhope zotere ku bwalo la zisudzo, mosangalala akusintha zochitika zoyipa za moyo kukhala dziko la zithunzi zodabwitsa komanso zowoneka bwino zaluso ndi mphamvu ya nyimbo. Kuseka zomwe ziyenera kunyozedwa, womvera nthawi yomweyo amasilira kugwirizana kwa siteji ya nyimbo.

Wolembayo anatha kufotokoza mbali zapadera za munthu pogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo, kufotokoza kukula kwa malingaliro, kayendedwe kochenjera kwambiri kwa moyo. Makanema ake azithunzi amakopa ndi kukhulupirika kwambiri komanso kukhulupirika kwa siteji iliyonse, chida chilichonse chanyimbo. Iwo ankasonyeza luso la woimbayo polemba nyimbo za okhestra ndi mawu, ntchito yabwino yachitsanzo, ndi zida zomveka bwino. Zowona za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a ngwazi, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nyimbo, zimatetezedwa kwa Pashkevich ulemerero wa Dargomyzhsky XVIII atumwi. Zojambula zake moyenerera ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha Russia cha nthawi ya classicism.

N. Zabolotnaya