Chitoliro: kufotokoza chida, zikuchokera, phokoso, mbiri, ntchito

Chida cha anthu a ku Russia, chotchulidwa m'mabuku ambiri ndi mafilimu, chakhalapo kuyambira nthawi zakale. Asilavo ankaona kuti phokoso la chitolirocho linali lamatsenga, ndipo iye ankagwirizana ndi mulungu wamkazi Lada, amene amasamalira okonda. Nthanozo zimati mulungu wa chikondi ndi chilakolako Lel anakondweretsa makutu a atsikana poimba chitoliro cha birch.

Chitoliro ndi chiyani

Kuchokera ku Chisilavo chonse "kuyimba mluzu" - "kuyimba mluzu". Svirel ndi gulu la zida za mluzu zomwe zimakhala ndi thunthu limodzi kapena awiri. Chidacho ndi cha zitoliro zotalika zomwe zimagwiridwa pathupi pa Sewero; ndi yofala m'madera okhala Asilavo Kum'mawa ndi Kumwera.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya chitoliro - iwiri. Masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Awiri ndi awiri a mitengo ikuluikulu yolumikizidwa, yofanana kapena yosiyana kutalika kwake. Ubwino wa chitoliro chapawiri ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mawu awiri pakuyimba nyimbo. Pali zochitika zomwe imodzi mwa mitengo ikuluikulu idapangidwa kuti ipange phokoso lakumbuyo.

Kodi chitolirocho chimamveka bwanji

Chitoliro chautali ndi chida chabwino choimbira chopangira nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu. Phokoso lopangidwa ndi lodekha, logwira mtima, loboola, lodzaza ndi mamvekedwe. Matoni apansi ndi omveka pang'ono, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Muzojambula zanyimbo, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa ma toni otsekemera, owala, osangalatsa a kaundula wapamwamba.

Ndizosavuta kusewera mwaukadaulo. Mabowo omwe ali mu mbiya amatsekedwa mosinthana ndikutsegulidwa ndi zala, ndikuwomba mpweya wotuluka mu dzenje la mluzu - mlomo.

Mitundu yanyimbo nthawi zambiri imakhala ya diatonic, koma malo ogulitsira akapanda kutsekedwa mwamphamvu, ma chromatic amawonekera. Mtundu wa chitoliro ndi ma octave awiri: kuchokera pa cholembera "mi" cha octave 2, mpaka "mi" ya 1.

Chida cha chitoliro

Chitoliro chotalikirapo chikhoza kuwoneka ngati chubu chamatabwa kapena chitsulo. Diameter - 1,5 cm, kutalika - 35 cm. Mlomo womwe umawomberedwa ndi mpweya uli kumapeto kwa mankhwalawo. Mabowo (kuyambira 4 mpaka 8, koma m'gulu lachikale la 6) akuwomba mpweya amakhomeredwa pakatikati, molunjika mmwamba.

Mu chikhalidwe cha ku Russia, dulani chitoliro kuchokera ku mapulo, phulusa, hazel, buckthorn, bango. M'mayiko ena, chitoliro chautali chimapangidwa ndi nsungwi, fupa, ceramic, siliva, ngakhale kristalo.

Mkati mwa chubu amapangidwa ndi dzenje ndi scraper woonda kapena ndodo yachitsulo yotentha. Mapeto amodzi amadulidwa mosadukiza - mlomo umapezeka.

Pawiri amawoneka ngati mapaipi awiri. Mgolo uliwonse uli ndi tsatanetsatane wa mluzu wosiyana ndi mabowo atatu owombera. Mgolo waukulu umafika kutalika kwa 3-30 cm, chaching'ono - 47-22 cm. Malingana ndi malamulo, wochita masewera ayenera kugwira chitoliro chachikulu ndi dzanja lake lamanja, laling'ono ndi lamanzere.

Mbiri ya chida

Sizingatheke kunena kuti fanizo la chitoliro lidawonekera liti. Mbiri ya chida choimbira inayamba pamene munthu wina wakale anatenga ndodo yathabwa, n’kuibowola, n’kuimbanso nyimbo yoyamba.

Choimbira champhepocho akuti chinabwera ku mayiko a Asilavo akale kuchokera ku Girisi. M'mabuku amatchulidwa atatu mwa mitundu yake:

• tsevnitsa - chitoliro chokhala ndi mipiringidzo yambiri;
• nozzle - njira ya mbiya imodzi;
• chitoliro - chosiyana chokhala ndi makungwa awiri.

Mawu akuti "chitoliro" ndi akale kwambiri mwa omwe adatchulidwa, adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene Asilavo anali asanagawidwe m'mafuko a kum'mawa, kumadzulo ndi kumwera. Koma n'zosatheka kunena ngati mtundu wina wa zida zoimbira kapena magwero onse oimba nyimbo ankatchedwa choncho, popeza Asilavo akale ankatcha oimba akuimba zida zilizonse zamphepo Svirts.

Masiku ano, mawu oimba akuti "snot" ndi "chingwe" sagwiritsidwa ntchito, mitundu yonse (osati zitsanzo zokhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri) nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa chitoliro.

Gwero loyamba lolembedwa lomwe limatchula chida choimbira cha m'zaka za zana la 12 - The Tale of Bygone Years, lolembedwa ndi Nestor the Chronicle.

M'zaka za m'ma 1950, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza mapaipi awiri pafupi ndi Pskov ndi Novgorod:

• Zaka za zana la 11, 22,5 cm kutalika, ndi mabowo 4;
• Zaka za m'ma 15, 19 cm kutalika, ndi mabowo 3.

Chitolirocho chinkayimbidwa makamaka ndi abulu ndi abusa. Kwa zaka zambiri, chida choimbira chinali kuonedwa kuti ndi kumidzi, koyambirira, kosasangalatsa. Pokhapokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, wolemekezeka wa ku Russia Andreev, yemwe adaphunzira chikhalidwe cha anthu, adakweza chitoliro ndikuchiphatikizanso m'gulu la oimba nyimbo.

Chida chodziwika bwino chomwe chili ndi mbiri yakale komanso mawu anyimbo sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizotchuka masiku ano. Izo ntchito makamaka wowerengeka nyimbo zoimbaimba, mbiri mafilimu, zisudzo. Chitolirocho chimakhala chodziwika kwambiri m'masukulu a nyimbo za ana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi wotsitsimutsa chidwi chake.