Kachulukidwe ndi qualitative mtengo wa imeneyi

Nthawi yoyimba ndikulumikizana kwa manotsi awiri ndi kusiyana, ndiko kuti, mtunda pakati pawo. Kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi nthawi, mayina awo ndi mfundo zomangamanga zinachitika m'magazini otsiriza. Ngati mukufuna china chake chotsitsimutsa kukumbukira kwanu, ndiye kuti ulalo wazinthu zam'mbuyomu uperekedwa pansipa. Lero tipitiriza kuphunzira za intervals, ndipo makamaka, tikambirana ziwiri zofunika kwambiri makhalidwe awo: kuchuluka ndi khalidwe makhalidwe.

WERENGANI ZA MITUNDU YA NTCHITO APA

Popeza kuti mtunda ndi mtunda wa pakati pa phokoso, mtunda umenewu uyenera kuyezedwa mwanjira ina. Nthawi yoyimba ili ndi miyeso iwiri yotere - kuchuluka ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiganizire.

Kuchuluka kwa nthawiyi

kuchuluka kwamtengo akuti za ndi masitepe angati oimba omwe amapanga chivundikiro chapakati. Choncho, akadali nthawi zina amatchedwa mtengo wa sitepe. Mumadziwa kale kuyeza uku kwa nthawi, kumawonetsedwa mu manambala kuyambira 1 mpaka 8, komwe kumawonetsedwa.

Tiyeni tikumbukire tanthauzo la zimenezi. nambala? Choyamba, iwo tchulani nthawizo, popeza dzina la nthawiyo ndi nambala, mu Chilatini chokha:

Chachiwiri, izi manambalawa amasonyeza kutalikirana kwa mawu amitundu iwiri - m'munsi ndi pamwamba (pansi ndi pamwamba). Nambala ikakulirakulira, kufalikira kwa kagawo kakang'ono, kutalikirana kwamaphokoso awiri omwe amapanga ndi:

• Nambala 1 imasonyeza kuti maphokoso awiri ali pamsinkhu wofanana wa nyimbo (ndiko kuti, kwenikweni, prima ndi kubwereza kwa phokoso lomwelo kawiri).
• Nambala 2 imatanthauza kuti phokoso lapansi liri pa sitepe yoyamba, ndipo phokoso lapamwamba liri pachiwiri (ndiko kuti, pamapeto pake, phokoso loyandikana la makwerero a nyimbo). Kuphatikiza apo, kuwerengera masitepe kumatha kuyambika kuchokera pamawu aliwonse omwe tikufuna (ngakhale kuchokera ku DO, ngakhale kuchokera ku PE kapena kuchokera ku MI, ndi zina).
• Nambala 3 imatanthawuza kuti maziko a nthawiyo ali pa sitepe yoyamba, ndipo pamwamba ndi pachitatu.
• Nambala 4 imasonyeza kuti mtunda pakati pa zolemba ndi masitepe 4, ndi zina zotero.

Mfundo imene tafotokozayi ndi yosavuta kuimvetsa ndi chitsanzo. Tiyeni tipange mipata yonse isanu ndi itatu kuchokera pamawu a PE, tilembe m'manotsi. Mukuwona: ndi kuchuluka kwa masitepe (ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwachulukidwe), mtunda, kusiyana pakati pa maziko a PE ndi chachiwiri, kumveka kwapamwamba kwa nthawiyo, kumawonjezekanso.

Mtengo wamtengo wapatali

Mtengo wamtengo wapatalindi mtengo wamamvekedwe (dzina lachiwiri) akuti ndi matani angati ndi ma semitones omwe ali panthawiyi. Kuti mumvetse izi, choyamba muyenera kukumbukira kuti semitone ndi kamvekedwe ndi chiyani.

Semitone ndi mtunda wochepa kwambiri pakati pa mawu awiri. Ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi ya piyano kuti mumvetsetse bwino komanso kumveka bwino. Kiyibodi ili ndi makiyi akuda ndi oyera, ndipo ngati ikuseweredwa popanda mipata, padzakhala mtunda wa semitone pakati pa makiyi awiri oyandikana nawo (momveka, ndithudi, osati malo).

Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku C kupita ku C-SHARP, semitone (semitone pamene tinakwera kuchokera ku kiyi yoyera kupita ku wakuda wapafupi), kuchokera ku C-SHARP kupita ku PE note ndi semitone (pamene tinatsika kuchokera kukuda. kiyi ku yoyera yapafupi). Momwemonso, kuchokera ku F kupita ku F-SHOT komanso kuchokera ku F-SHOT kupita ku G zonse ndi zitsanzo za semitones.

Pali ma semitone pa kiyibodi ya piyano, yomwe imapangidwa ndi makiyi oyera okha. Pali ziwiri mwa izo: MI-FA SI ndi DO, ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Halftones akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Ndipo, mwachitsanzo, ngati muwonjezera ma semitones awiri (mahafu awiri), mumapeza toni imodzi (yonse). Mwachitsanzo, ma semitone DO ndi CSHAR ndi pakati pa CSHAP ndi PE amawonjezera kamvekedwe kathunthu pakati pa DO ndi PE.

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwonjezera matani, kumbukirani malamulo osavuta:

1. Ulamuliro wa mtundu woyera. Ngati pali kiyi wakuda pakati pa makiyi awiri oyandikana nawo oyera, ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pawo ndi toni imodzi yonse. Ngati palibe kiyi yakuda, ndiye kuti ndi semitone. Izi zikutanthauza kuti: DO-RE, RE-MI, FA-SOL, SOL-LA, LA-SI ndi matani athunthu, ndipo MI-FA, SI-DO ndi ma semitones.
2. Ulamuliro wamtundu wakuda. Ngati makiyi awiri akuda oyandikana asiyanitsidwa ndi kiyi imodzi yokha yoyera (imodzi yokha, osati iwiri!), Ndiye mtunda pakati pawo ndi 1 toni yonse. Mwachitsanzo: C-SHARP ndi D-SHARP, F-Sharp ndi G-Sharp, A-FLAT NDI SI-FLAT, ndi zina zotero.
3. Ulamuliro wakuda ndi woyera. Pamipata yayikulu pakati pa makiyi akuda, lamulo la mtanda kapena lamulo la matani akuda ndi oyera limagwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, MI ndi F-SHARP, komanso MI-FLAT ndi FA ndi matani athunthu. Mofananamo, matani athunthu ndi SI yokhala ndi C-SHARP ndi SI-Flat yokhala ndi C wokhazikika.

Kwa inu tsopano, chofunika kwambiri ndi kuphunzira momwe mungawonjezere matani, ndikuphunzira momwe mungadziwire toni kapena semitones zingati zigwirizane ndi phokoso limodzi kupita ku lina. Tiyeni tiyese.

Mwachitsanzo, tifunika kudziwa kuti ndi matani angati omwe ali pakati pa phokoso lachisanu ndi chimodzi la D-LA. Zomveka zonse ziwiri - zonse do ndi la, zikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda. Timaganizira: do-re ndi 1 toni, ndiye re-mi ndi 1 toni, ndi kale 2. Komanso: mi-fa ndi semitone, theka, kuwonjezera pa matani a 2 omwe alipo, timapeza kale matani 2 ndi theka. . Kumveka kotsatira ndi fa ndi mchere: kamvekedwe kenanso, kokwanira kale 3 ndi theka. Ndipo chomaliza - mchere ndi la, komanso kamvekedwe. Chifukwa chake tidafika pa note la, ndipo tonse tapeza kuti kuchokera ku DO kupita ku LA pali matani 4 ndi theka okha.

Tsopano tiyeni tichite tokha! Nazi zina zolimbitsa thupi zomwe muzichita. Werengani matani angati:

• mu magawo atatu DO-MI
• mu gawo la FA-SI
• mu Sexte MI-DO
• mu octave DO-DO
• mu D-LA yachisanu
• mu chitsanzo WE-WE

Chabwino, bwanji? Kodi munakwanitsa? Mayankho olondola ndi awa: DO-MI – 2 tones, FA-SI – 3 tones, MI-DO – 4 tones, DO-DO – 6 tones, RE-LA – 3 ndi theka, MI-MI – ziro tones. Prima ndi nthawi yomwe sitimasiya phokoso loyamba, choncho palibe mtunda weniweni ndipo, motero, matani a ziro.

Kodi mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi chiyani?

Mtengo wamtengo wapatali umapereka mitundu yatsopano yazigawo. Kutengera ndi izi, mitundu iyi ya intervals imasiyanitsidwa:

1. Net, alipo anayi prima, quarta,chisanu ndi octave. Mipata yoyera imatanthauzidwa ndi chilembo chaching'ono "h", chomwe chimayikidwa patsogolo pa nambala yapakati. Ndiko kuti, prima yoyera ikhoza kufupikitsidwa ngati ch1, quart yoyera - ch4, yachisanu - ch5, octave yoyera - ch8.
2. Small, palinso zinayi mwa izo - izi ndi masekondi, achitatu, achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Mipata yaying'ono imasonyezedwa ndi chilembo chaching'ono "m" (mwachitsanzo: m2, m3, m6, m7).
3. Big - akhoza kukhala ofanana ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndiko kuti chachiwiri, chachitatu, chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri. Zigawo zazikulu zimatanthauzidwa ndi chilembo chaching'ono "b" (b2, b3, b6, b7).
4. kuchepa - akhoza kukhala nthawi iliyonse kupatula prima. Palibe prima yochepetsedwa, popeza pali matani 0 mu prima yoyera ndipo palibe paliponse pomwe mungachepetse (mtengo wamtengo wapatali ulibe makhalidwe oipa). Nthawi zochepetsedwa zimafupikitsidwa ngati "malingaliro" (min2, min3, min4, etc.).
5. Kuwonjezera - mukhoza kuwonjezera nthawi zonse popanda kupatula. Dzinali ndi "uv" (uv1, uv2, uv3, etc.).

Choyamba, muyenera kuthana ndi nthawi zoyera, zazing'ono komanso zazikulu - ndizo zikuluzikulu. Ndipo okulirapo ndi ochepera adzalumikizana nanu mtsogolo. Kuti mupange kagawo kakang'ono kapena kakang'ono, muyenera kudziwa momwe matani angati alimo. Mukungoyenera kukumbukira mfundo izi (poyamba, mukhoza kuzilemba papepala lachinyengo ndikuyang'ana pamenepo, koma ndi bwino kuti muphunzire nthawi yomweyo). Choncho:

Pure prima = 0 toni Sekondi yaying'ono = 0,5 toni (theka la kamvekedwe) Yachiwiri yachiwiri = 1 toni Chachitatu chaching'ono = matani 1,5 (matani amodzi ndi theka) Chachitatu chachikulu = 2 toni Koliti yoyera = matani 2,5 (awiri ndi theka) Chachisanu choyera = matani 3,5 (atatu ndi theka) Matani ang'onoang'ono achisanu ndi chimodzi a u4d XNUMX Big sixth u4d 5 tones (XNUMX ndi theka) Chachisanu ndi chiwiri = 5 toni Chachisanu ndi chiwiri = 5,5 toni (zisanu ndi theka) Octave yoyera = matani 6

Kuti mumvetsetse kusiyana pakati pazigawo zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, yang'anani ndikusewera (kuyimba motsatira) magawo omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku phokoso mpaka:

Tiyeni tsopano tigwiritse ntchito chidziwitso chatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tipange magawo onse omwe atchulidwa kuchokera pamawu a PE.

• Prima yoyera yochokera ku RE ndi RE-RE. Ndi prima sitiyenera kuda nkhawa konse, nthawi zonse kumangobwereza mawu.
• Sekondi ndi zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Kachiwiri kuchokera ku RE, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala phokoso la RE-MI (masitepe awiri). Mumphindi yaying'ono payenera kukhala theka la liwu, ndipo mumphindi yayikulu - 2 toni yonse. Timayang'ana kiyibodi, onani matani angati kuchokera ku RE kupita ku MI: 1 toni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti yachiwiri yomangidwa ndi yayikulu. Kuti tipeze kakang'ono, tifunika kuchepetsa mtunda ndi theka la toni. Kodi kuchita izo? Timangotsitsa phokoso lapamwamba ndi theka la kamvekedwe mothandizidwa ndi lathyathyathya. Timapeza: RE ndi MI-FLAT.
• Terts alinso amitundu iwiri. Kawirikawiri, lachitatu kuchokera ku RE ndi phokoso la RE-FA. Kuchokera ku RE kupita ku FA - toni imodzi ndi theka. Ikuti chiyani? Kuti chachitatu ichi ndi chaching'ono. Kuti tipeze chachikulu, tifunika tsopano, m'malo mwake, kuwonjezera theka la toni. Timawonjezera izi: timawonjezera phokoso lapamwamba mothandizidwa ndi lakuthwa. Timapeza: RE ndi F-SHARP - ichi ndi chachitatu chachikulu.
• Net quart (ch4). Timawerengera masitepe anayi kuchokera ku PE, timapeza PE-SOL. Onani matani angati. Ziyenera kukhala ziwiri ndi theka. Ndipo pali! Izi zikutanthauza kuti zonse zili bwino mu quart iyi, palibe chifukwa chosinthira chilichonse, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera zowongoka ndi ma flats.
• Chachisanu changwiro. Timakumbukira dzina - h5. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwerengera kuchokera ku PE masitepe asanu. Izi zidzakhala zomveka RE ndi LA. Pali matani atatu ndi theka pakati pawo. Ndendende momwe ziyenera kukhalira mu gawo limodzi mwamagawo asanu. Kotero, apa, nawonso, chirichonse chiri bwino, ndipo palibe zizindikiro zowonjezera zomwe zimafunika.
• Zolaula ndi zazing'ono (m6) ndi zazikulu (b6). Masitepe asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera ku RE ndi RE-SI. Kodi munawerenga matani? Kuchokera ku RE kupita ku SI - matani 4 ndi theka, motero, RE-SI ndi wamkulu wachisanu ndi chimodzi. Timapanga kakang'ono - timatsitsa phokoso lapamwamba mothandizidwa ndi lathyathyathya, motero timachotsa semitone yowonjezera. Tsopano yachisanu ndi chimodzi yakhala yaying'ono - RE ndi SI-FLAT.
• Septims - zisanu ndi ziwiri, palinso mitundu iwiri. Chachisanu ndi chiwiri kuchokera ku RE ndikumveka kwa RE-DO. Pali matani asanu pakati pawo, ndiye kuti, tinalandira chaching'ono chachisanu ndi chiwiri. Ndipo kuti mukhale wamkulu - muyenera kuwonjezera zina. Mukukumbukira bwanji? Mothandizidwa ndi lakuthwa, timawonjezera phokoso lapamwamba, kuwonjezera phokoso lina la theka kuti likhale lachisanu ndi theka. Zomveka zachisanu ndi chiwiri - RE ndi C-SHARP.
• Octave yoyera ndi nthawi ina yomwe palibe mavuto. Tinabwereza PE pamwamba, kotero tinapeza octave. Mutha kuyang'ana - ndi yoyera, ili ndi matani 6.

Tiyeni tilembe zonse zomwe tili nazo pa woimba m'modzi:

Pano, mwachitsanzo, mumakhalanso ndi nthawi yomangidwa kuchokera ku phokoso la MI, ndipo pokhapokha pazolemba zina - chonde, yesani kudzimanga nokha. Kodi muyenera kuchita? Si mayankho onse okonzeka pa solfeggio oti alembe?

Ndipo mwa njira, intervals akhoza kumangidwa osati mmwamba, komanso pansi. Pachifukwa ichi, tidzafunika kuwongolera phokoso lapansi nthawi zonse - ngati kuli kofunikira, kwezani kapena kuchepetsa. Kodi mumadziwa bwanji nthawi yokweza komanso yotsitsa? Yang'anani pa kiyibodi ndikusanthula zomwe zikuchitika: mtunda ukukulira kapena kuchepa? Kodi mtundawu ukukula kapena kuchepera? Chabwino, molingana ndi zomwe mwawona, pangani chisankho choyenera.

Ngati titamanga ma intervals pansi, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mawu otsika kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa nthawiyo, kuchepa kwa ma toni-semitones. Ndipo kuchepa - m'malo mwake, nthawiyo imakula, mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukuwonjezeka.

Yang'anani, tapanga mipata pansi pano kuchokera pa zolemba mpaka D ndi D kuti muwone. Yesani kumvetsetsa:

Ndipo kuchokera ku MI kutsika, tiyeni timange limodzi, ndi mafotokozedwe.

• Prima yoyera kuchokera ku MI - MI-MI popanda ndemanga. Inu simungakhoze kumanga prima yoyera kaya pansi kapena mmwamba, chifukwa imaponda pomwepo: ngakhale apa kapena apo, ndi zofanana nthawi zonse.
• Masekondi: kuchokera ku MI - MI-RE, ngati mumanga pansi. Mtunda wake ndi 1 toni, kutanthauza kuti sekondi ndi yayikulu. Momwe mungapangire yaying'ono Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa nthawiyo, kuchotsa semitone imodzi, ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kutsitsa phokoso (lapamwamba silingasinthidwe) kuti mutulutse pang'ono, ndiye kuti, kukweza ndi lakuthwa. Timapeza: MI ndi D-SHARP - sekondi yaying'ono pansi.
• Chachitatu. Tidasiya masitepe atatu pansi (MI-DO), tidapeza lachitatu (matani awiri). Iwo anakoka phokoso lapansi mmwamba theka la kamvekedwe (C-SHARP), ali ndi toni imodzi ndi theka - yachitatu yaying'ono.
• Wachinayi komanso wachisanu wangwiro pano ndi, moona, wabwinobwino: MI-SI, MI-LA. Ngati mukufuna - fufuzani, werengani matani.
• Sextes kuchokera ku MI: MI-SOL ndi yayikulu, sichoncho? Chifukwa pali matani 4 ndi theka mmenemo. Kuti mukhale wamng'ono, muyenera kutenga sol-sharp (chinachake chakuthwa komanso chakuthwa, osati lathyathyathya imodzi - mwanjira ina ngakhale yosasangalatsa).
• Septima MI-FA ndi yayikulu, ndipo yaying'ono ndi MI ndi FA-SHARP (ugh, yakuthwanso!). Ndipo chomaliza, chovuta kwambiri ndi octave yoyera: MI-MI (simudzamanga).

Tiyeni tione zimene zinachitika. Kuthwa kwina kumakhala kosalekeza, osati nyumba imodzi. Chabwino, sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Ngati mumamanga kuchokera ku zolemba zina, ndiye kuti ma flats amapezekanso kumeneko.

Mwa njira, ngati mwayiwala zomwe lakuthwa, lathyathyathya ndi bekar. Chabwino, nthawi zina zimachitika… Izi zitha kubwerezedwa pa TSAMBA INO.

Kuti timange ndikupeza nthawi, kuwerengera ma toni, nthawi zambiri timafunikira kiyibodi ya piyano pamaso pathu. Kuti mumve mosavuta, mutha kusindikiza kiyibodi yokokedwa, kuidula ndikuyiyika mubuku lanu lantchito. Ndipo mukhoza kukopera opanda kanthu kuti musindikize kuchokera kwa ife.

KUKONZEKERA KEYIBODI YA PIANO – DOWNLOW

Table of intervals ndi makhalidwe awo

Zinthu zonse za m'nkhani yayikuluyi zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala mbale yaying'ono, yomwe tikuwonetsani tsopano. Mukhozanso kujambulanso pepala lachinyengo la solfeggio mu kope lanu, kwinakwake pamalo oonekera, kuti nthawi zonse mukhale nawo pamaso panu.

Padzakhala mizati inayi patebulo: dzina lonse la nthawiyo, dzina lake lalifupi, mtengo wamtengo wapatali (ndiko kuti, ndi masitepe angati) ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali (matani angati). Osasokonezeka? Kuti mukhale omasuka, mutha kudzipangira chidule chachidule (mizati yachiwiri komanso yomaliza).

Ndizo zonse pakadali pano. M'mabuku otsatirawa, mupitiliza mutu wakuti "Intervals", muphunzira momwe mungasinthire, momwe mungachulukitsire ndi kuchepetsa nthawi, komanso zomwe newts ndi chifukwa chake akukhala m'buku la nyimbo, osati m'buku la nyimbo. nyanja. Tiwonana posachedwa!