Montserrat Cabalé |

Mzinda wa Montserrat Caballe

Montserrat Caballe akutchedwa moyenerera lero kuti ndi woyenera kulandira cholowa cha akatswiri odziwika bwino akale - Giuditta Pasta, Giulia ndi Giuditta Grisi, Maria Malibran.

S. Nikolaevich ndi M. Kotelnikova amatanthauzira nkhope yolenga ya woimba motere:

"Kalembedwe kake ndikuphatikiza kwapamtima komwe kumayimba komanso zilakolako zapamwamba, chikondwerero champhamvu komanso chachikondi komanso choyera. Maonekedwe a Caballe ndi okhudza chisangalalo komanso chisangalalo cha moyo, nyimbo, kulumikizana ndi anthu komanso chilengedwe. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe zolemba zomvetsa chisoni mu kaundula wake. Ndi angati omwe adafera pa siteji: Violetta, Madame Butterfly, Mimi, Tosca, Salome, Adrienne Lecouvrere ... Ngwazi zake zidamwalira ndi mpeni komanso kumwa, ndi poizoni kapena chipolopolo, koma aliyense wa iwo adapatsidwa mwayi kuti adziwone yekha. mphindi pamene moyo ukusangalala , wodzazidwa ndi ulemerero wa kuwuka kwake komaliza, pambuyo pake palibe kugwa, palibe kuperekedwa kwa Pinkerton, palibe poizoni wa Mfumukazi ya Bouillon ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Kaya Caballe akuimba zotani, lonjezo la paradaiso lili kale m’mawu ake enieni. Ndipo kwa atsikana atsoka awa omwe adasewera, kuwadalitsa mwaulemu ndi mawonekedwe ake apamwamba, kumwetulira kowoneka bwino ndi ulemerero wapadziko lapansi, komanso kwa ife, kumumvetsera mwachikondi mumdima wamkati mwa holoyo ndi mpweya wopumira. Paradaiso ali pafupi. Zikuoneka kuti ndi mwala chabe, koma simungathe kuziwona pogwiritsa ntchito ma binoculars.

Caballe ndi Mkatolika weniweni, ndipo chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu ndicho maziko a kuyimba kwake. Chikhulupiriro ichi chimamulola kunyalanyaza zilakolako za kulimbana kwa zisudzo, mkangano kumbuyo kwazithunzi.

“Ndimakhulupirira Mulungu. Mulungu ndiye mlengi wathu, akutero Caballe. “Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ndani ali ndi chipembedzo chotani, kapena amene salota kalikonse. Ndikofunika kuti akhale pano (akuloza pachifuwa chake). Mu moyo wanu. Moyo wanga wonse ndimanyamula zomwe zidadziwika ndi chisomo chake - nthambi yaying'ono ya azitona yochokera ku Munda wa Getsemane. Ndipo pamodzi ndi chithunzi chaching'ono cha Amayi a Mulungu - Namwali Wodala Mariya. Iwo amakhala nane nthawi zonse. Ndinawatenga pamene ndinakwatiwa, pamene ndinabala ana, pamene ndinapita kuchipatala kukachitidwa opaleshoni. Ndi nthawi zonse."

Maria de Montserrat Viviana Concepción Cabalé y Folk anabadwa pa April 12, 1933 ku Barcelona. Kumeneko anaphunzira ndi woimba wa ku Hungary E. Kemeny. Mawu ake adakopa chidwi ngakhale ku Barcelona Conservatory, yomwe Montserrat adamaliza maphunziro ake ndi mendulo yagolide. Komabe, izi zinatsatiridwa ndi zaka za ntchito m’magulu ang’onoang’ono a Swiss ndi West Germany.

Caballe kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kunachitika mu 1956 pa siteji ya Opera House ku Basel, kumene iye anachita monga Mimi mu G. Puccini a La bohème. Nyumba za opera za Basel ndi Bremen zinakhala malo akuluakulu a opera kwa oimba kwa zaka khumi zotsatira. Kumeneko anachita mbali zambiri “m’zisudzo za nyengo ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana. Caballe anayimba gawo la Pamina mu Mozart's The Magic Flute, Marina mu Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, Tatiana mu Eugene Onegin ya Tchaikovsky, Ariadne mu Ariadne auf Naxos. Anachita ndi gawo la Salome mu opera ya dzina lomwelo ndi R. Strauss, adachita udindo wa Tosca mu Tosca ya G. Puccini.

Pang'onopang'ono, Caballe akuyamba kuchita pa siteji ya nyumba zisudzo ku Ulaya. Mu 1958 adayimba ku Vienna State Opera, mu 1960 adawonekera koyamba pa siteji ya La Scala.

“Ndipo panthaŵiyo,” akutero Caballe, “mlongo wanga, amene pambuyo pake anakhala impresario wanga, sanandilole kumasuka. Panthaŵiyo, sindinkaganizira za kutchuka, koma koposa zonse ndinali kuyesetsa kukhala ndi luso lotha kupanga zinthu zenizeni. Nkhawa ina inali kundivutitsa nthawi zonse, ndipo mosaleza mtima ndinaphunzira maudindo atsopano.

Momwe woimbayo adasonkhanitsidwa komanso ali ndi cholinga pa siteji, momwe alili wosalongosoka m'moyo - adakwanitsa kuchedwa paukwati wake.

S. Nikolaevich ndi M. Kotelnikova akunena za izi:

"Zinali mu 1964. Ukwati woyamba (ndi wokhawo!) m'moyo wake - ndi Bernabe Marta - uyenera kuchitika mu tchalitchi ku nyumba ya amonke pa Mount Montserrat. Pali phiri loterolo ku Catalonia, pafupi ndi Barcelona. Zinkawoneka kwa amayi a mkwatibwi, okhwima Donna Anna, kuti zikanakhala zachikondi kwambiri: mwambo wophimbidwa ndi ulamuliro wa Reverend Montserrat. Mkwati anavomera, mkwatibwi nayenso. Ngakhale kuti aliyense ankaganiza kuti: “August. Kutentha koopsa, tikwera bwanji kumeneko ndi alendo athu onse? Ndipo achibale a Bernabe, moona, siali achichepere, chifukwa anali womaliza m'banja lomwe linali ndi ana khumi. Chabwino, ambiri, kulibe kopita: paphiri kotero paphiri. Ndipo pa tsiku laukwati, Montserrat amachoka ndi amayi ake mu Volkswagen yakale, yomwe adagula ndi ndalama zoyamba, ngakhale pamene adayimba ku Germany. Ndipo ziyenera kuchitika kuti mu Ogasiti kugwa mvula ku Barcelona. Zonse zimathira ndikutsanulira. Pamene tinkafika kuphiri, msewu unali wovuta. Galimoto yakanidwa. Palibe pano kapena apo. Galimoto yoyimitsidwa. Montserrat anayesa kuumitsa ndi hairspray. Iwo anali atatsala ndi makilomita 12. Alendo onse ali kale pamwamba. Ndipo akuyandama apa, ndipo palibe mwayi wokwera mmwamba. Ndiyeno Montserrat, mu diresi laukwati ndi chophimba, chonyowa, osachepera kufinya, amaima panjira ndikuyamba kuvota.

Kwa kuwombera koteroko, paparazzi aliyense angapereke theka la moyo wake. Koma palibe amene ankamudziwa. Magalimoto apaulendo mosalabadira anadutsa msungwana wamkulu watsitsi lakuda atavala diresi loyera lopusa, akunjenjemera pamsewu. Mwamwayi, galimoto yoweta ng'ombe inanyamuka. Montserrat ndi Anna adakwerapo ndikuthamangira kutchalitchi, kumene mkwati wosauka ndi alendowo sanadziwe zomwe ayenera kuganiza. Kenako anachedwa kwa ola limodzi.”

M'chaka chomwechi, pa Epulo 20, ola labwino kwambiri la Caballe lidafika - monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zakusintha kosayembekezereka. Ku New York, ku Carnegie Hall, woyimba wodziwika pang'ono adayimba nyimbo kuchokera ku Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia m'malo mwa wotchuka wotchuka Marilyn Horne. Poyankha aria ya mphindi zisanu ndi zinayi - kuwomba kwa mphindi makumi awiri ...

M'mawa wotsatira, The New York Times inatuluka ndi mutu wa tsamba loyamba: Callas + Tebaldi + Caballe. Sipadzapita nthawi, ndipo moyo udzatsimikizira njira iyi: woyimba waku Spain adzayimba ma divas onse azaka za zana la XNUMX.

Kupambana kumalola woimbayo kupeza mgwirizano, ndipo amakhala woyimba yekha ndi Metropolitan Opera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zisudzo zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zakhala zikuyesetsa kuti Caballe apite patsogolo.

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti nyimbo ya Caballe ndi imodzi mwa oimba ambiri a soprano. Amayimba nyimbo za ku Italy, Spanish, German, French, Czech ndi Russian. Iye ali ndi mbali 125 za zisudzo, mapulogalamu angapo a konsati ndi ma discs oposa zana.

Kwa woimba, monga oimba ambiri, La Scala Theatre inali ngati dziko lolonjezedwa. Mu 1970, adachita pa siteji yake imodzi mwa maudindo ake abwino kwambiri - Norma mu opera ya dzina lomwelo ndi V. Bellini.

Zinali ndi udindo uwu monga mbali ya zisudzo kuti Caballe anafika mu 1974 pa ulendo wake woyamba ku Moscow. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wakhala akuyendera likulu lathu kangapo. Mu 2002, adaimba ndi woimba wachinyamata wa ku Russia N. Baskov. Ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba anapita ku USSR mu 1959, pamene njira yake yopita ku siteji inali itangoyamba kumene. Ndiye, pamodzi ndi amayi ake, iye anayesa kupeza amalume ake, amene anasamukira kuno, monga ambiri a m'dziko lake, pambuyo Spanish Civil War, kuthawa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Franco.

Pamene Caballe akuimba, zikuwoneka kuti zonse zasungunuka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi zonse amatulutsa nyimboyo mwachikondi, kuyesera kugawa mosamala ndime imodzi kuchokera ku inzake. Mawu a Caballe amamveka ndendende m'marejista onse.

Woyimbayo ali ndi luso lapadera kwambiri, ndipo chithunzi chilichonse chomwe amapanga chimatha ndikukonzedwa mpaka pang'ono. "Amasonyeza" ntchito yomwe ikuchitika ndi kayendedwe kabwino ka manja.

Caballe adapanga mawonekedwe ake kukhala chinthu cholambiridwa osati kwa omvera okha, komanso kwa iyemwini. Sanadandaule za kulemera kwake kwakukulu, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ntchito yabwino ya woimba wa opera "ndikofunikira kusunga diaphragm, ndipo pa izi muyenera mabuku. Mu thupi lochepa thupi, palibe paliponse poyika zonsezi. ”

Caballe amakonda kusambira, kuyenda, kuyendetsa galimoto bwino kwambiri. Sakana kudya chakudya chokoma. Kamodzi woimbayo adakonda ma pie a amayi ake, ndipo tsopano, nthawi ikalola, amaphika yekha ma pie a sitiroberi kwa banja lake. Kuwonjezera pa mwamuna wake, alinso ndi ana awiri.

“Ndimakonda kudya chakudya cham’mawa ndi banja lonse. Zilibe kanthu kuti wina adzuka liti: Bernabe amatha kudzuka XNUMX, ine pa eyiti, Monsita teni. Tidzadyabe chakudya cham'mawa limodzi. Ili ndi lamulo. Kenako aliyense amangochita bizinesi yake. Chakudya chamadzulo? Inde, nthawi zina ndimaphika. Kunena zoona, sindine wophika bwino. Pamene inu nokha simungadye zinthu zambiri, sikuyenera kuima pa chitofu nkomwe. Ndipo madzulo ndimayankha makalata amene amabwera kwa ine mumagulu ochokera kulikonse, ochokera konsekonse mdziko. Mphwanga Isabelle amandithandiza ndi izi. Zachidziwikire, makalata ambiri amakhalabe muofesi, pomwe amakonzedwa ndikuyankhidwa ndi siginecha yanga. Koma pali makalata amene ine ndekha ndiyenera kuyankha. Monga lamulo, zimatenga maola awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Osachepera. Nthawi zina Monsita amalumikizidwa. Chabwino, ngati sindiyenera kuchita chilichonse kunyumba (zimachitika!), Ndimajambula. Ntchitoyi ndimakonda kwambiri, sindingathe kuifotokoza m'mawu. Inde, ndikudziwa kuti sindikuchita bwino kwambiri, mosasamala, mopusa. Koma zimanditonthoza, zimandipatsa mtendere wotero. Mtundu womwe ndimakonda kwambiri ndi wobiriwira. Ndi mtundu wa kutengeka mtima. Zimachitika, ndimakhala, ndikujambula chithunzi chotsatira, chabwino, mwachitsanzo, malo, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zobiriwira pano. Ndipo panonso. Ndipo zotsatira zake ndi mtundu wina wa "nthawi yobiriwira ya Caballe" yosatha. Tsiku lina, pachikumbutso chaukwati wathu, ndinaganiza zopatsa mwamuna wanga chojambula - "Dawn in the Pyrenees". M’maŵa uliwonse ndinkadzuka XNUMX koloko m’maŵa n’kupita pagalimoto kupita kumapiri kuti ndikapeze kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Ndipo mukudziwa, zidakhala zokongola kwambiri - zonse ndi pinki, mtundu wa salimoni wachifundo. Nditakhutira, ndinapereka mphatso yanga kwa mwamuna wanga. Ndipo mukuganiza kuti ananena chiyani? “Uwutu! Ichi ndi chithunzi chanu choyamba chosakhala chobiriwira."

Koma chinthu chachikulu pa moyo wake ndi ntchito. Natalya Troitskaya, mmodzi mwa oimba otchuka kwambiri a ku Russia, amene amadziona kuti ndi "mwana wamkazi" wa Caballe, anati: kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake yolenga, Caballe anamuika m'galimoto, anamutengera ku sitolo ndikugula malaya a ubweya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adanena kuti si mawu okha omwe ndi ofunika kwa woimbayo, komanso momwe amawonekera. Kutchuka kwake ndi omvera ndi malipiro ake zimadalira izi.

Mu June 1996, pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake la nthawi yaitali M. Burgeras, woimbayo anakonza pulogalamu ya chipinda chokhala ndi mawu omveka bwino: canzones ndi Vivaldi, Paisiello, Scarlatti, Stradella ndipo, ndithudi, amagwira ntchito ndi Rossini. Monga mwachizolowezi, Caballe adachitanso zarzuella, wokondedwa ndi anthu onse a ku Spain.

M’nyumba mwake, mofanana ndi kanyumba kakang’ono, Caballe ankapanga misonkhano ya Khirisimasi kukhala yamwambo. Kumeneko amadziimba yekha ndikuyimira oimba omwe ali pansi pa iye. Nthawi zina amachita ndi mwamuna wake, tenor Barnaba Marty.

Woyimbayo nthawi zonse amatengera chilichonse chomwe chimachitika pagulu ndikuyesera kuthandiza mnansi wake. Choncho, mu 1996, pamodzi ndi French wopeka ndi ng'oma Marc Serone Caballe, iye anapereka konsati zachifundo kuthandiza Dalai Lama.

Anali Caballe yemwe adakonza konsati yayikulu ya odwala Carreras pabwalo ku Barcelona: "Manyuzipepala onse adayitanitsa kale maliro pamwambowu. Bastards! Ndipo ndinaganiza - Jose amayenera kukhala ndi tchuthi. Ayenera kubwerera ku siteji. Nyimbo zidzamupulumutsa. Ndipo inu mukuona, ndinali kulondola.”

Mkwiyo wa Caballe ukhoza kukhala wowopsa. Kwa moyo wautali mu zisudzo, adaphunzira bwino malamulo ake: simungakhale ofooka, simungathe kugonjera zofuna za munthu wina, simungakhululukire unprofessionalism.

Wopanga Vyacheslav Teterin akuti: “Ali ndi mkwiyo wodabwitsa. Mkwiyo umatuluka nthawi yomweyo, ngati chiphalaphala chamoto. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amalowa nawo ntchitoyi, amatenga zoopseza, maso ake akuthwanima. Wazunguliridwa ndi chipululu chotentha. Aliyense waphwanyidwa. Iwo sangayerekeze kunena mawu. Komanso, mkwiyowu ukhoza kukhala wosakwanira pa chochitikacho. Kenako amachoka msanga. Ndipo mwinanso pemphani kuti amukhululukire ngati aona kuti munthuyo anali ndi mantha aakulu.

Mwamwayi, mosiyana ndi ma prima donnas ambiri, Spaniard ali ndi khalidwe losavuta modabwitsa. Ndiwochezeka komanso wokonda nthabwala.

Elena Obraztsova akukumbukira:

"Ku Barcelona, ​​​​ku Liceu Theatre, ndidamvetsera koyamba opera ya Alfredo Catalani Valli. Sindimadziwa nyimboyi konse, koma idandigwira kuchokera m'mipiringidzo yoyamba, ndipo atatha Caballe's aria - adayimba piyano yake yabwino kwambiri - adatsala pang'ono kupenga. Panthawi yopuma, ndinathamangira ku chipinda chake chobvala, ndinagwada, ndinachotsa mink cape yanga (ndiye inali chinthu changa chodula kwambiri). Montserrat anaseka kuti: “Elina, usiye, ubweya uwu wandikwanira chipewa chokha.” Ndipo tsiku lotsatira ndinaimba Carmen ndi Placido Domingo. Panthawi yopuma, ndimayang'ana - Montserrat amasambira m'chipinda changa chojambula. Ndipo amagwadanso m’mawondo ake, monga mulungu wakale wachigiriki, ndiyeno akundiyang’ana mochenjera ndi kunena kuti: “Chabwino, tsopano uyenera kuitana crane kuti indinyamule.”

Chimodzi mwazinthu zosayembekezereka za nyengo ya opera ku Europe ya 1997/98 chinali kusewera kwa Montserrat Caballe ndi mwana wamkazi wa Montserrat Marti. Banja la banjali lidachita pulogalamu yoyimba "Mawu Awiri, Mtima Umodzi".