Salomea (Solomia) Amvrosievna Krushelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

Ngakhale pa moyo wake, Salomea Krushelnitskaya anadziwika ngati woimba kwambiri mu dziko. Anali ndi mawu omveka bwino pankhani ya mphamvu ndi kukongola kwake kosiyanasiyana (pafupifupi ma octave atatu okhala ndi kaundula wapakati waulere), kukumbukira nyimbo (amatha kuphunzira gawo la zisudzo m'masiku awiri kapena atatu), komanso luso lodabwitsa. Repertoire ya woyimbayo idaphatikizapo magawo 60 osiyanasiyana. Pakati pa mphoto zake zambiri ndi zosiyana, makamaka mutu wa "Wagnerian prima donna wa zaka makumi awiri". Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Italy Giacomo Puccini anapatsa woimbayo chithunzi chake ndi mawu akuti "gulugufe wokongola komanso wokongola".

Salomeya Krushelnytska anabadwa pa September 23, 1872 m'mudzi wa Belyavintsy, tsopano chigawo cha Buchatsky m'chigawo cha Ternopil, m'banja la wansembe.

Amachokera ku banja lolemekezeka komanso lakale la Chiyukireniya. Kuyambira 1873, banja linasamuka kangapo, mu 1878 anasamukira ku mudzi wa Belaya pafupi Ternopil, kumene iwo sanachoke. Anayamba kuimba kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Ali mwana, Salome ankadziwa nyimbo zambiri zamtundu, zomwe anaphunzira mwachindunji kwa alimi. Analandira zofunikira za maphunziro oimba ku Ternopil gymnasium, komwe adalemba mayeso ngati wophunzira wakunja. Apa anakhala pafupi ndi bwalo loimba la ophunzira a sekondale, amene Denis Sichinsky, kenako woimba wotchuka, woimba woyamba akatswiri ku Western Ukraine, nayenso anali membala.

Mu 1883, pa konsati Shevchenko ku Ternopil, woyamba sewero pagulu Salome unachitika, iye anaimba mu kwaya wa gulu kukambirana Russian. Mu Ternopil, Salomea Krushelnytska anadziwana ndi zisudzo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Apa, nthawi ndi nthawi anachita Lvov zisudzo za Russian kucheza anthu.

Mu 1891, Salome analowa mu Lviv Conservatory. Pa Conservatory, mphunzitsi wake anali pulofesa wotchuka mu Lviv, Valery Vysotsky, amene analera mlalang'amba lonse la oimba otchuka Chiyukireniya ndi Polish. Ndikuphunzira ku Conservatory, sewero lake loyamba lidachitika, pa Epulo 13, 1892, woimbayo adachita gawo lalikulu mu oratorio ya "Messiah" ya GF Handel. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu operatic wa Salome Krushelnytska zinachitika pa April 15, 1893, iye anachita udindo wa Leonora mu sewero la Italy wopeka G. Donizetti "The Favorite" pa siteji ya Lviv City Theatre.

Mu 1893 Krushelnytska maphunziro Lvov Conservatory. Pa dipuloma ya Salome yomaliza maphunziro, munalembedwa kuti: “Dipuloma imeneyi inalandiridwa ndi Panna Salomea Krushelnitskaya monga umboni wa maphunziro a luso loperekedwa mwachitsanzo chakhama lachitsanzo ndi chipambano chodabwitsa, makamaka pa mpikisano wapoyera pa June 24, 1893, umene anapatsidwa mphoto yasiliva. mendulo.”

Ndikadali kuphunzira ku Conservatory, Salomea Krushelnytska analandira mwayi ku Lviv Opera House, koma anaganiza kupitiriza maphunziro ake. Chisankho chake chinakhudzidwa ndi woimba wotchuka wa ku Italy Gemma Bellinchoni, yemwe panthawiyo anali kuyenda ku Lviv. Chakumapeto kwa 1893, Salome anapita ku Italy kukaphunzira, kumene Pulofesa Fausta Crespi anakhala mphunzitsi wake. Pophunzira, zisudzo m'makonsati amene iye anaimba opera Arias anali sukulu yabwino kwa Salome. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1890, zisudzo wake wopambana pa siteji ya zisudzo padziko lonse anayamba: mu Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Russia, Poland, Austria, Egypt, Argentina, Chile mu zisudzo Aida, Il trovatore ndi D. Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard lolemba S. Moniuszko, The African Woman lolemba D. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut ndi Cio-Cio-San lolemba G. Puccini, Carmen lolemba J. Bizet, Elektra lolemba R. Strauss, “Eugene Onegin” ndi “The Mfumukazi ya Spades" ndi PI Tchaikovsky ndi ena.

February 17, 1904 ku Milan Theatre "La Scala" Giacomo Puccini anapereka opera yake yatsopano "Madama Butterfly". Kale woimbayo sanatsimikizirepo kuti apambana ... koma omvera adayimba mokwiya sewerolo. Katswiri wodziwika bwino uja anakhumudwa kwambiri. Anzake ananyengerera Puccini kuti akonzenso ntchito yake, ndi kuitana Salome Krushelnitskaya ku gawo lalikulu. Pa Meyi 29, pa siteji ya Grande Theatre ku Brescia, kuwonetseratu kwatsopano kwa Madama Butterfly kunachitika, nthawi ino yopambana. Omvera adayitanira ochita zisudzo ndi wolemba nyimbo ku siteji kasanu ndi kawiri. Pambuyo pa sewerolo, lokhudzidwa ndi kuyamikira, Puccini anatumizira Krushelnitskaya chithunzi chake chokhala ndi mawu akuti: "Kwa Gulugufe wokongola kwambiri ndi wokongola kwambiri."

Mu 1910, S. Krushelnitskaya anakwatira meya wa mzinda wa Viareggio (Italy) ndi loya Cesare Riccioni, yemwe anali katswiri wa nyimbo komanso wolemekezeka kwambiri. Anakwatirana mu imodzi mwa akachisi a Buenos Aires. Pambuyo pa ukwatiwo, Cesare ndi Salome anakhazikika ku Viareggio, kumene Salome anagula nyumba, yomwe anaitcha "Salome" ndipo anapitiriza kuyendera.

Mu 1920, Krushelnitskaya anasiya siteji ya opera pachimake cha kutchuka kwake, kuchita komaliza pa Naples Theatre mu zisudzo ankakonda Loreley ndi Lohengrin. Anapereka moyo wake wowonjezereka ku zochitika za konsati ya chipinda, akuimba nyimbo m'zinenero 8. Iye wayendera Europe ndi America. Zaka zonsezi mpaka 1923 iye nthawi zonse anabwera ku dziko lakwawo ndipo anachita mu Lvov, Ternopil ndi mizinda ina ya Galicia. Anali ndi maubwenzi amphamvu ndi anthu ambiri ku Western Ukraine. Zoimbaimba odzipereka kukumbukira Taras Shevchenko anatenga malo apadera mu ntchito kulenga woimba. Mu 1929, msonkhano wotsiriza wa S. Krushelnitskaya unachitika ku Rome.

Mu 1938, mwamuna wa Krushelnitskaya, Cesare Riccioni, anamwalira. Mu August 1939, woimba anapita ku Galicia ndipo, chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, sanathe kubwerera ku Italy. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Germany ku Lviv, S. Krushelnytska anali wosauka kwambiri, choncho anapereka maphunziro apadera a mawu.

Nkhondo itatha, S. Krushelnytska anayamba kugwira ntchito ku Lviv State Conservatory yotchedwa NV Lysenko. Komabe, ntchito yake yophunzitsa itangoyamba kumene, pafupifupi inatha. Pa "kuyeretsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito kuzinthu zadziko" adatsutsidwa kuti alibe dipuloma ya Conservatory. Pambuyo pake, dipulomayo idapezeka mu ndalama za nyumba yosungiramo mbiri yakale yamzindawu.

Kukhala ndi kuphunzitsa mu Soviet Union, Salomeya Amvrosievna, ngakhale pempho ambiri, kwa nthawi yaitali sakanakhoza kupeza nzika Soviet, kukhalabe phunziro la Italy. Pomaliza, atalemba mawu okhudza kusamutsidwa kwa nyumba yake ya ku Italy ndi katundu yense ku boma la Soviet, Krushelnitskaya anakhala nzika ya USSR. Nyumbayo idagulitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndikulipira eni ake gawo lochepa la mtengo wake.

Mu 1951, Salome Krushelnitskaya anapatsidwa udindo wa Honored Art Worker wa SSR ya ku Ukraine, ndipo mu October 1952, mwezi umodzi asanamwalire, Krushelnitskaya analandira udindo wa pulofesa.

Pa November 16, 1952, mtima wa woimba wamkulu unasiya kugunda. Anaikidwa m'manda ku Lviv ku manda a Lychakiv pafupi ndi manda a bwenzi lake ndi mphunzitsi Ivan Franko.

Mu 1993, msewu unatchedwa S. Krushelnytska ku Lviv, kumene anakhalako zaka zomalizira za moyo wake. Nyumba yosungiramo chikumbutso cha Salomea Krushelnytska inatsegulidwa m'nyumba ya woimbayo. Masiku ano, Lviv Opera House, Lviv Musical Secondary School, Ternopil Musical College (komwe nyuzipepala ya Salomeya imasindikizidwa), sukulu ya zaka 8 m'mudzi wa Belaya, misewu ya Kyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach ndi dzina lake S. Krushelnytska (onani Salomeya Krushelnytska Street ). Mu Mirror Hall ya Lviv Opera ndi Ballet Theatre pali chipilala chamkuwa cha Salome Krushelnytska.

Ntchito zambiri zaluso, nyimbo ndi filimu zimaperekedwa kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya Salomea Krushelnytska. Mu 1982, pa situdiyo ya filimu ya A. Dovzhenko, wotsogolera O. Fialko anajambula filimu ya mbiri yakale ndi mbiri ya "The Return of the Butterfly" (yochokera pa buku la dzina lomwelo la V. Vrublevskaya), loperekedwa ku moyo ndi ntchito ya Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Chithunzicho chimachokera ku zenizeni zenizeni za moyo wa woimbayo ndipo zimamangidwa ngati kukumbukira kwake. Magawo a Salome amapangidwa ndi Gisela Zipola. Udindo wa Salome mu filimuyi unaseweredwa ndi Elena Safonova. Kuonjezera apo, zolemba zinalengedwa, makamaka, Salome Krushelnitskaya (yotsogoleredwa ndi I. Mudrak, Lvov, Most, 1994) Two Lives of Salome (yotsogoleredwa ndi A. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), kuzungulira "Maina" (2004) , filimu yolembedwa "Solo-mea" kuchokera ku "Game of Fate" (mtsogoleri V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). March 18, 2006 pa siteji ya Lviv National Academic Opera ndi Ballet Theatre dzina la S. Krushelnitskaya anachititsa kuyamba masewero a ballet Miroslav Skorik "Kubwerera kwa Gulugufe", zochokera mfundo za moyo wa Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Ballet amagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo za Giacomo Puccini.

Mu 1995, sewero loyamba la sewero "Salome Krushelnytska" (wolemba B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) linachitika mu Ternopil Regional Drama Theatre (yomwe tsopano ndi malo ophunzirira). Kuyambira 1987, mpikisano wa Salomea Krushelnytska wachitika ku Ternopil. Chaka chilichonse Lviv amachitira mpikisano wapadziko lonse wotchedwa Krushelnytska; zikondwerero za luso la opera zakhala zachikhalidwe.