serialism |

French nyimbo serielle, German. serielle Musik - serial, kapena serial, nyimbo

Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya siriyo luso, amene angapo decomp. magawo, mwachitsanzo. mndandanda wa mayendedwe ndi kayimbidwe kake kapena mamvekedwe, kayimbidwe, kamvekedwe, kamvekedwe ka mawu, agogics ndi tempo. S. iyenera kukhala yosiyanitsidwa ndi ma polyseries (pomwe magawo awiri kapena angapo a imodzi, nthawi zambiri amakwera pamtunda) amagwiritsidwa ntchito) komanso kuchokera ku seriality (zomwe zikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njira za serial m'lingaliro lalikulu, komanso luso lapamwamba kwambiri. -altitude series). Chitsanzo cha imodzi mwa mitundu yosavuta kwambiri ya njira ya S.: kutsatizana kwa mamvekedwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mndandanda wosankhidwa ndi wolemba (phokoso), ndipo nthawi ya mawu imayendetsedwa ndi nthawi zingapo zosankhidwa mwaufulu kapena zochokera ku phula (mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa parameter ina). Chifukwa chake, mndandanda wa magawo 12 ukhoza kusinthidwa kukhala nthawi 12 - 7, 8, 6, 5, 9, 4, 3, 10, 2, 1, 11, 12, poganiza kuti nambala iliyonse ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. (zachisanu ndi chitatu, masekondi makumi atatu) mu nthawi yoperekedwa:

Pamene nyimbo zotsatizana zimayikidwa pamwamba pa rhythmic, osati serial, koma nsalu yosalekeza imatuluka:

AG Schnittke. Concerto No 2 ya violin ndi orchestra.

S. idawuka monga kukulitsa kwa mfundo zaukadaulo wa serial (mndandanda wapamwamba kwambiri) ku magawo ena omwe adakhalabe omasuka: nthawi, kulembetsa, kufotokozera, timbre, ndi zina. njira yatsopano: mu bungwe la nyimbo. zakuthupi, gawo la kuchuluka kwa manambala, kuchuluka kwa manambala kumawonjezeka (mwachitsanzo, mu gawo lachitatu la EV Denisov's cantata "The Sun of the Incas", zomwe zimatchedwa manambala olinganiza amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mawu 3 a mndandanda, mithunzi 6 yamphamvu. , 6 nzimbe). Pali chizoloŵezi chogwiritsa ntchito mosasinthasintha komanso kwathunthu kwa njira zonse za magawo kapena "interchromatic", mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana - mgwirizano ndi timbre, mawu ndi nthawi (zotsirizirazi zimatengedwa ngati makalata. za kamangidwe ka manambala, milingo; onani chitsanzo pamwambapa) . K. Stockhausen adayika patsogolo lingaliro la kujowina mbali ziwiri za muses. nthawi - microtime, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi kumveka kwa phokoso, ndi macrotime, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi nthawi yake, ndipo motero inatambasulidwa mumzere umodzi, kugawa dera la nthawiyo kukhala "octaves yaitali" (Dauernoktaven; phula octaves, kumene mabwalo ali okhudzana ndi 6: 2, pitilizani mu octaves yayitali, pomwe nthawiyo imagwirizana chimodzimodzi). Kusintha kwa nthawi yokulirapo kumatanthawuza maubwenzi omwe amayamba kukhala muses. mawonekedwe (pomwe chiwonetsero cha chiŵerengero cha 2: 1 ndi chiŵerengero cha squareness). Kukula kwa mfundo ya serial ku magawo onse a nyimbo kumatchedwa symphony yonse (chitsanzo cha symphony yamitundumitundu ndi Magulu a Stockhausen a Oimba Atatu, 2). Komabe, zochita za mndandanda womwewo m'magawo osiyanasiyana sizimadziwika kuti ndizofanana, chifukwa chake mgwirizano wa magawo ndi wina ndi mnzake bh umakhala ngati nthano, komanso kukhazikika kwadongosolo la magawo, makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa S., mu Chowonadi chimatanthawuza chiwopsezo chokulirapo cha kusagwirizana ndi chipwirikiti, kudziyimira pawokha kwa kalembedwe kake, ndi kutayika kwa kuwongolera kwa mawu a wolemba pa ntchito yake. P. Boulez anachenjeza za “kuloŵetsa m’malo ntchito ndi gulu.” Total S. amatanthawuza kutha kwa lingaliro loyambirira kwambiri la mndandanda ndi kusanja, kumabweretsa kusintha kosayembekezereka ku gawo la nyimbo zaulere, zomveka bwino, kumatsegula njira ya aleatorics ndi zamagetsi (nyimbo zamakono; onani nyimbo zamagetsi).

Chimodzi mwa zokumana nazo zoyamba S. zitha kuganiziridwa ngati zingwe. atatu lolembedwa ndi E. Golyshev (lofalitsidwa mu 1925), kumene, kuwonjezera pa mabwalo a matani 12, rhythmic anagwiritsiridwa ntchito. mzere. A. Webern anafika pa lingaliro la S., yemwe, komabe, sanali wolemba serialist m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu; mu ntchito zingapo zosalekeza. amagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira. kukonza njira - kulembetsa (mwachitsanzo, mu gawo la 1 la symphony op. 21), dynamic-articulatory ("Variations" kwa piano op. 27, 2nd part), rhythmic (quasi-series of rhythm 2, 2, 1 , 2 mu "Kusiyanasiyana" kwa okhestra, op.30). Mwachidziwitso komanso mosasinthasintha S. anagwiritsa ntchito O. Messiaen mu "maphunziro 4 a rhythmic" a piyano. (mwachitsanzo, ku Fire Island II, No 4, 1950). Kupitilira apo, Boulez adatembenukira ku S. ("Polyphony X" pazida 18, 1951, "Structures", 1a, for 2 fp., 1952), Stockhausen ("Cross Play" pagulu la zida, 1952; "Counterpoints" ya gulu la zida, 1953; Magulu a okhestra atatu, 1957), L. Nono (Misonkhano ya zida 24, 1955, cantata Interrupted Song, 1956), A. Pusser (Webern Memory Quintet, 1955), ndi ena. mu kupanga kadzidzi. olemba, mwachitsanzo. ndi Denisov (No 4 kuchokera ku vocal cycle "Italian Songs", 1964, No 3 kuchokera ku "5 Nkhani za Mr. Keuner" kwa mawu ndi zida zoimbira, 1966), AA Pyart (2 mbali kuchokera ku 1 ndi 2 symphony, 1963 , 1966), AG Schnittke (“Music for chamber orchestra”, 1964; “Music for piyano and chamber orchestra”, 1964; “Pianissimo” for orchestra, 1968).

Zothandizira: Denisov EV, Dodecaphony ndi mavuto a njira zamakono zopangira, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 6, M., 1969; Shneerson GM, serialism ndi aleatorics - "chidziwitso cha otsutsana", "SM", 1971; ayi 1; Stockhausen K., Weberns Konzert für 9 Instrumente op. 24, "Melos", 1953, Jahrg. 20, H. 12, chimodzimodzi, m’buku lake: Texte…, Bd l, Köln, (1963); ake omwe, Musik im Raum, m’buku lakuti: Darmstädter Beiträge zur neuen Musik, Mainz, 1959, (H.) 2; ake omwe, Kadenzrhythmik bei Mozart, ibid., 1961, (H.) 4 (Kumasulira kwa Chiyukireniya - Stockhausen K., Rhythmichni kadansi yolembedwa ndi Mozart, in collection: Ukrainian musicology, v. 10, Kipv, 1975, p. 220 -71. ); ake, Arbeitsbericht 1952/53: Orientierung, m'buku lake: Texte…, Bd 1, 1963; Gredinger P., Das Serielle, mu Die Reihe, 1955, (H.) 1; Pousseur H., Zur Methodik, ibid., 1957, (H.) 3; Krenek E., Was is "Reihenmusik"? "NZfM", 1958, Jahrg. 119, H. 5, 8; ake, Bericht über Versuche mu total determinierter Musik, “Darmstädter Beiträge”, 1958, (H.) 1; ake, Zowonjezera ndi malire a njira zamakono "MQ", 1960, v. 46, No 2. Ligeti G., Pierre Boulez: Entscheidung und Automatik in der Structure Ia, in Die Reihe, 1958, (N.) 4 yofanana , Wandlungen der musikalischen Form, ibid., 1960, (H. ) 7; Nono L., Die Entwicklung der Reihentechnik, “Darmstädter Beiträge”, 1958, (H.) 1; Schnebel D., Karlheinz Stockhausen, mu Die Reihe, 1958, (H.) 4; Eimert H., Die zweite Entwicklungsphase der Neuen Musik, Melos, 1960, Jahrg. 27, H. 12; Zeller HR, Mallarmé und das serielle Denken, ku Die Reihe, 11, (H.) 1960; Wolff Chr., Ber Form, ibid., 6, (H.) 1960; Buyez P., Die Musikdenken heute 7, Mainz – L. – P. – NY, (1); Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie zbpadoevropské hudby, Praha, 1, pansi pa mutu wakuti: Novodobé skladebné smery n hudbl, Praha, 1963 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Kohoutek Ts., Njira Yopangira Munyimbo mu Music, M1962, Centu, Centu) ; Stuckenschmidt HH, Zeitgenössische Techniken in der Musik, “SMz”, 1965, Jahrg. 1976; Westergaard P., Webern ndi "Total Organisation": kusanthula kwa kayendedwe kachiwiri ka Piano Variations, op. 1963, "Mawonedwe a nyimbo zatsopano", NY - Princeton, 103 (v. 27, No 1963); Heinemann R., Untersuchungen zur Rezeption der seriellen Musik, Regensburg, 1; Deppert H., Studien zur Kompositionstechnik im instrumentalen Spätwerk Anton Weberns, (Darmstadt, 2); Stephan R., Bber Schwierigkeiten der Bewertung und der Analyze neuester Musik, “Musica”, 1966, Jahrg 1972, H. 1972; Vogt H., Neue Musik seit 26, Stuttg., (3); Fuhrmann R., Pierre Boulez (1945), Structures 1972 (1925), ku Perspektiven neuer Musik, Mainz. (1); Karkoschka E., Hat Webern seriell komponiert?, TsMz, 1952, H. 1974; Oesch H., Pioniere der Zwölftontechnik, mu Forum musicologicum, Bern, (1975).

Yu. H. Kholopov