Grzegorz Fitelberg |

Grzegorz Fitelberg

Wojambula uyu ndi m'modzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri pazikhalidwe za nyimbo zaku Poland zazaka za zana la XNUMX. Nyimbo za ku Poland zili ndi ndalama zambiri kwa Grzegorz Fitelberg chifukwa cha kuzindikirika kwake, kulowa kwake m'magawo a konsati padziko lonse lapansi.

Bambo wa wojambula wamtsogolo - Grzegorz Fitelberg Sr. - anali wotsogolera asilikali ndipo, atapeza talente yodabwitsa mwa mwana wake, adamutumiza ku Warsaw Music Institute ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Fitelberg anamaliza maphunziro a 1896 mu kalasi ya violin ya S. Bartsevich komanso m'kalasi ya 3. Noskovsky, atalandira Mphotho ya I. Paderevsky chifukwa cha sonata yake ya violin. Pambuyo pake, adakhala woyang'anira wa Warsaw Opera House Orchestra, ndipo kenako Philharmonic. Ndi womalizayo, adayamba kukhala kondakitala mu 1904, ndipo zaka zingapo pambuyo pake adayamba ntchito ya kondakitala wanthawi zonse.

Panthawiyi, Fitelberg anali atapeza kale kutchuka monga woimba wochititsa chidwi, wolemba nyimbo ziwiri, ndakatulo za symphonic (kuphatikizapo Nyimbo za Falcon ndi M. Gorky), chipinda ndi nyimbo za mawu. Pamodzi ndi oimba a ku Poland opita patsogolo - M. Karlovich, K. Shimanovsky, L. Ruzhitsky, A. Sheluta - anali wotsogolera gulu la Young Poland, lomwe cholinga chake chinali kulimbikitsa nyimbo zatsopano za dziko. Ndipo posakhalitsa Fitelberg pamapeto pake amasiya nyimbo kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi ndi luso lake lotsogolera.

Pofika zaka khumi zachiwiri za m'zaka za zana lathu, wochititsa Fitelberg akuyamba kuzindikirika. Amapanga maulendo ake oyambirira ndi Warsaw Philharmonic, amachitira ku Vienna Court Opera komanso m'makonsati a Society of Friends of Music, amapereka ma concert angapo pa chikondwerero choyamba cha nyimbo za ku Poland ku Krakow. Wojambulayo amakhala nthawi yayitali ku Russia - kuyambira 1914 mpaka 1921. Anachita masewera pa sitima yapamtunda ya Pavlovsky, anatsogolera State Symphony Orchestra, anatsogolera zisudzo ku Mariinsky ndi Bolshoi zisudzo.

Fitelberg wakhala akugwira ntchito mwachidwi komanso mwamphamvu kuyambira pomwe adabwerera kwawo. Mu 1925-1934, iye anatsogolera Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, ndiyeno bungwe gulu lake - Polish Radio Orchestra, amene kale mu 1927 anali kupereka mendulo ya golide pa World Exhibition ku Paris. Komanso, wojambula nthawi zonse amachita pa Warsaw Opera, amayenda maulendo ataliatali ku Ulaya, North ndi South America, imene osati zoimbaimba, komanso kuchititsa zisudzo opera ndi ballet. Choncho, mu 1924, anaima pa bwalo la masewera a S. Diaghilev Russian Ballet, ndipo mu 1922 adachita nawo gawo loyamba la Mavra la Stravinsky pa Grand Opera ku Paris. Fitelberg mobwerezabwereza anapita ku USSR, kumene luso lake ankakonda kwambiri omvera. “Msonkhano uliwonse watsopano ndi iye umasangalatsa m'njira yatsopano. Uyu ndi katswiri wa mtima wodziletsa, wodziletsa, wolinganiza bwino gulu la oimba, wokhoza kuwaika pansi pa dongosolo lake lolingalira bwino ndi lozama,” analemba za iye A. Goldenweiser.

Wojambula woyamba wa nyimbo zambiri za anzake a Young Poland, adaperekanso ma concerts ambiri kunja, mapulogalamu omwe anapangidwa ndi ntchito za Szymanowski, Karlovich, Ruzhitsky, komanso olemba aang'ono - Wojtowicz, Maklakevich. , Palester, Perkovsky, Kondratsky ndi ena. Kutchuka kwa Szymanowski padziko lonse lapansi kudachitika makamaka chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa komanso kusapambana kwa nyimbo zake ndi Fitelberg. Nthawi yomweyo, Fitelberg adadzipanga kukhala wodziwika bwino ngati wotanthauzira bwino kwambiri wolemba nyimbo wamkulu kwambiri wazaka zoyambirira za m'ma XNUMX - Ravel, Roussel, Hindemith, Milhaud, Honegger ndi ena. Kunyumba ndi kunja, wochititsa komanso nthawi zonse ankaimba nyimbo Russian, makamaka Scriabin, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky; motsogozedwa ndi iye, First Symphony ya D. Shostakovich idachitika koyamba ku Poland.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Fitelberg adapereka luso lake lonse kuti agwiritse ntchito luso lake. Pokhapokha m'zaka za ulamuliro wa Nazi anakakamizika kuchoka ku Poland ndipo anachita zoimbaimba ku Netherlands, England, Portugal, USA, ndi South America. Kubwerera kwawo mu 1947, wojambulayo anatsogolera gulu la oimba la Polish Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra ku Katowice, lophunzitsidwa ku Warsaw Conservatory, linagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi magulu oimba osaphunzira, ndipo anachita nawo ntchito zambiri zapagulu. Fitelberg adalandira mphotho ndi mphotho zapamwamba kwambiri ku Polish People's Republic.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek