Nyimbo zomveka |
Chigawo chaching'ono kwambiri cha nyimbo. Poyerekeza ndi zomveka zonse "zopanda nyimbo" zomveka, zimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chipangizo cha chiwalo chakumva, chikhalidwe cholankhulana cha muses. zopempha zaluso ndi zokongoletsa za oimba ndi omvera.
Zofunikira zazikulu za mafunde amawu ndi mamvekedwe, kukweza, kutalika, ndi timbre. Z.m. akhoza kukhala ndi phula lochokera ku C2 kufika ku c5 - d6 (kuyambira 16 mpaka 4000-4500 Hz; phokoso lapamwamba likuphatikizidwa mu Z. m. monga overtones); voliyumu yake iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa phokoso mchipindacho, koma sichingadutse malire a ululu; nthawi ya Z.m. ndizosiyana kwambiri - zomveka zazifupi kwambiri (mu ndime zofulumira - glissando) sizingakhale zazifupi kuposa masekondi 0,015-0,020 (kupitirira malire awa, kumverera kwa msinkhu kumatayika), yaitali kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, phokoso la pedal la chiwalo) likhoza kukhalapo angapo. mphindi; pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi timbre ndizovuta kukhazikitsa k.-l. Malire a thupi, popeza kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika kwa phula, kufuula, kwakanthawi ndi zigawo zina, komwe lingaliro la timbre (chiyambi kuchokera kumalingaliro amalingaliro) limapangidwa, limakhala lopanda malire.
Muzochita za nyimbo Z. za m. amakonzedwa muzolemba. Dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, mu octave iliyonse, nthawi 12 zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. malinga ndi kutalika kwa phokoso lolekanitsidwa ndi semitone kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake (onani. Dongosolo). Mithunzi yamphamvu imayang'aniridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kukweza kwamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff), yomwe ilibe mfundo zenizeni (onani Mphamvu). Pa nthawi yodziwika bwino ya nthawi, mawu oyandikana amakhala mu chiŵerengero cha 1:2 (chachisanu ndi chitatu chimagwirizana ndi kotala, monga kotala ndi theka, ndi zina zotero), chiŵerengero cha 1:3 kapena zovuta zina sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Matimu a nyimbo zoyimba amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhazikika kwapadera. Kumveka kwa violin ndi trombone, piyano. ndi English. nyanga zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri mu timbre; kofunika, ngakhale kuti kusiyana kosadziwika bwino kumapezekanso mu timbres za zida zamtundu womwewo (mwachitsanzo, zingwe zoweramira). Dongosolo la mawu a nyimbo ndizovuta kwambiri. Aliyense Z.m. imatha kuganiziridwa ndi ma acoustic. mbali, mwachitsanzo. malinga ngati pali harmonic mu kapangidwe kake. (makhalidwe ambiri a Z. m.) kapena osagwirizana. angapo overtones, kaya pali mapangidwe mmenemo, ndi mbali yanji ndi phokoso, etc.; imatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wa chida chomwe chimachotsedwa (chingwe chodula, electromusical, etc.); imathanso kuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo limodzi kapena lina pamaziko a kuthekera kophatikizana ndi mawu ena (onani Instrumentation).
Ngakhale m'mawu anyimbo liwu lililonse limakhazikika ngati chinthu chosadziwika bwino, zowona zake zimakhala zosinthika kwambiri, zoyenda mkati, ndipo zimadziwika ndi zambiri. njira zosakhalitsa kapena zosakhazikika. Zina mwazinthu zosakhalitsa izi ndizokhazikika mu Z. m. ndipo ndi chotsatira cha acoustic. mawonekedwe a nyimbo. chida kapena njira yopangira mawu - ndiko kutsitsa kwa mawu a fp., zeze, decomp. mitundu ya kuukira mu phokoso la zingwe. woweramitsidwa ndi mzimu. zida, zosiyanasiyana aperiodic ndi periodic. kusintha kwa timbre m'mawu a nyimbo zamagulu. zida - mwachitsanzo, mabelu, tam-tama. Gawo lina la njira zosakhalitsa limapangidwa ndi ochita, Ch. ayi. kuti mukwaniritse kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa mawu kapena kuwunikira mosiyana. amamveka mogwirizana ndi zaluso. ndi mapangidwe. Izi ndi glissando, portamento, vibrato, dynamic. mawu, dec. kusintha kwa rhythmic ndi timbre, komwe kumapanga dongosolo lovuta la mawu omveka (mawu okwera), amphamvu. (mokweza), agogi. (tempo ndi rhythm) ndi timbre shades.
Payokha Z. m. alibe k.-l. adzafotokoza. katundu, koma kukhala wolinganizidwa mu imodzi kapena ina. system ndikuphatikizidwa mu nyimbo. nsalu, kuchita Express. ntchito. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri Z.m. amapatsidwa zinthu zina; iwo, monga zigawo, amanenedwa kuti ndi katundu wathunthu. Mu machitidwe a nyimbo (makamaka pedagogical) dikishonale yochuluka ya mawu yapangidwa, momwe kukongola kumawonekeranso. Zofunikira pa ZM Mfundozi, komabe, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mbiri yakale ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kalembedwe ka nyimbo.
Zothandizira: Mutli AF, Sound and hearing, in: Questions of musicology, vol. 3, M., 1960; Nyimbo zoyimba, zonse. ed. Yosinthidwa ndi NA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Helmholtz H. v., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen…, Braunschweig, 1863 ndi kusindikizidwanso; Stumpf, C., Tonpsychologie, Bd 1-2, Lpz., 1883-90; Waetzmann R., Ton, Klang und sekundäre Klangerscheinungen, “Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie”, Bd XI, B., 1926, S. 563-601; Handschin J., Der Toncharakter, Z., 1948; Eggebrecht HH, Musik als Tonsprache, “AfMw”, Jg. XVIII, 1961.
Zithunzi za YH
