State Academic Chapel ya St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Court Capella) |

Saint Petersburg Court Capella

Bungwe la State Academic Chapel la St. Petersburg ndi bungwe la konsati ku St. Ili ndi holo yakeyake.

St. Petersburg Singing Chapel ndi kwaya yakale kwambiri yaku Russia. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1479 ku Moscow ngati kwaya yaamuna otchedwa. madikoni odziyimira pawokha kuti achite nawo ntchito za Assumption Cathedral komanso mu "zosangalatsa zapadziko lapansi" za bwalo lachifumu. Mu 1701 anakonzedwanso kukhala kwaya ya khoti (amuna ndi anyamata), mu 1703 anasamutsidwa ku St. Mu 1717 anayenda ndi Peter Woyamba ku Poland, Germany, Holland, France, kumene anayambitsa koyamba kuimba kwakwaya ku Russia kwa omvera akunja.

Mu 1763 kwayayo idasinthidwa kukhala Imperial Court Singing Chapel (anthu 100 m'kwaya). Kuyambira mu 1742, oimba ambiri akhala akuimba kwaya nthawi zonse mu zisudzo za ku Italy, ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 18. komanso oimba a solo mu zisudzo woyamba Russian mu bwalo la zisudzo. Kuyambira 1774, kwaya yakhala ikupereka zoimbaimba ku St. Petersburg Music Club, mu 1802-50 imachita nawo ma concert onse a St. kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndi ena padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza. Beethoven's Soemn Mass, 1824). Mu 1850-82, ntchito ya konsati ya chapel inachitika makamaka muholo ya Concert Society pa chapel.

Pokhala likulu la chikhalidwe chakwaya cha ku Russia, tchalitchichi sichinangokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyambo yamakwaya ku Russia kokha, komanso kalembedwe kakwaya popanda kutsagana (cappella). Oimba otchuka a ku Russia ndi akumadzulo amasiku ano (VV Stasov, AN Serov, A. Adan, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Schumann, etc.) adawona mgwirizano, gulu lapadera, luso la virtuoso, kukhala ndi mphamvu zomveka bwino za nyimbo zakwaya. ndi mawu abwino kwambiri (makamaka ma bass octavists).

Nyumba yopemphereramo inatsogoleredwa ndi oimba komanso olemba nyimbo: MP Poltoratsky (1763-1795), DS Bortnyansky (1796-1825), FP Lvov (1825-36), AF Lvov (1837-61), NI Bakhmetev (1861-83), MA Balakirev (1883-94), AS Arensky (1895-1901), SV Smolensky (1901-03) ndi ena. anali MI Glinka.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1816, otsogolera tchalitchicho anapatsidwa ufulu wofalitsa, kusintha, ndi kuvomereza nyimbo zopatulika za oimba a ku Russia. Mu 1846-1917, tchalitchicho chinali ndi makalasi anthawi zonse komanso anthawi yochepa (regency), ndipo kuyambira 1858 makalasi oimbira adatsegulidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana oimba, omwe adakonzekera (malinga ndi mapulogalamu a Conservatory) oimba nyimbo ndi ojambula a orchestra yapamwamba kwambiri.

Maphunziro anafika chitukuko chapadera pansi NA Rimsky-Korsakov (wothandizira woyang'anira mu 1883-94), amene mu 1885 analenga symphony orchestra kuchokera kwa ophunzira a chapel, kuchita pansi pa ndodo ya okonda otchuka kwambiri. Aphunzitsi a makalasi a kwaya ya zida zoimbira anali otsogolera otchuka, olemba nyimbo, ndi oimba nyimbo.

Mu 1905-17, ntchito za tchalitchicho zinali zongochitika ku tchalitchi ndi zochitika zachipembedzo. Pambuyo pa Revolution ya Okutobala ya 1917, nyimbo zakwayayo zidaphatikizanso zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zamakwaya apadziko lonse lapansi, opangidwa ndi olemba nyimbo aku Soviet, ndi nyimbo zamtundu. Mu 1918, tchalitchicho chinasinthidwa kukhala People's Choir Academy, kuyambira 1922 - State Academic Chapel (kuyambira 1954 - yotchedwa MI Glinka). Mu 1920, kwayayo idadzazidwanso ndi mawu achikazi ndipo idasakanizidwa.

Mu 1922, sukulu ya kwaya ndi sukulu yaukadaulo yamakwaya yamasana idakhazikitsidwa ku chapel (kuyambira 1925, sukulu yakwaya yamadzulo ya akulu idakhazikitsidwanso). Mu 1945, pamaziko a sukulu ya kwaya, Choir School inakhazikitsidwa pa kwaya (kuyambira 1954 - yotchedwa MI Glinka). Mu 1955 Choral School inakhala bungwe lodziimira palokha.

Gulu la chapel likuchita ntchito yabwino yochitira konsati. Nyimbo zake zimaphatikizanso makwaya akale komanso amakono osatsagana nawo, mapulogalamu ochokera kwa oimba nyimbo zapakhomo, nyimbo zowerengeka (Russian, Chiyukireniya, ndi zina zotero), komanso ntchito zazikulu zamtundu wa cantata-oratorio, zambiri zomwe zidachitika ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika. USSR kwa nthawi yoyamba. Pakati pawo: "Alexander Nevsky", "Guardian of the World", "Toast" ndi Prokofiev; "Nyimbo ya Nkhalango", "Dzuwa Liwala Padziko Lathu" lolemba Shostakovich; "Pa Kulikovo Field", "Nthano ya Nkhondo ya Dziko la Russia" ndi Shaporin, "The Khumi ndi Awiri" ndi Salmanov, "Virineya" ndi Slonimsky, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" ndi Prigogine ndi ntchito zina zambiri za Soviet ndi olemba akunja.

Pambuyo pa 1917, tchalitchicho chinatsogoleredwa ndi otsogolera oimba nyimbo otchuka a Soviet: MG Klimov (1917-35), HM Danilin (1936-37), AV Sveshnikov (1937-41), GA Dmitrevsky (1943-53), AI Anisimov (1955- 65), FM Kozlov (1967-72), kuyambira 1974 - VA Chernushenko. Mu 1928 tchalitchicho chinayendera Latvia, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, ndipo mu 1952 GDR.

Zothandizira: Muzalevsky VI, Kwaya yakale kwambiri yaku Russia. (1713-1938), L.-M., 1938; (Gusin I., Tkachev D.), State Academic Chapel yotchedwa MI Glinka, L., 1957; Academic Chapel yotchedwa MI Glinka, m'buku: Musical Leningrad, L., 1958; Lokshin D., kwaya zochititsa chidwi za ku Russia ndi otsogolera awo, M., 1963; Kazachkov S., Mitundu iwiri - miyambo iwiri, "SM", 1971, No2.

DV Tkachev