Thomas Beecham (Thomas Beecham) |

Thomas Beecham

Thomas Beecham anali mmodzi wa oimba amene anasiya chizindikiro inimitable pa zisudzo za m'zaka za zana lathu, mu moyo nyimbo dziko kwawo. Mwana wa wamalonda, iye anaphunzira ku Oxford, sanapite ku Conservatory kapena kusukulu nyimbo: maphunziro ake anali okha maphunziro angapo payekha. Koma anaganiza kuti asachite zamalonda, koma kuti azidzipereka yekha pa nyimbo.

Kutchuka kunabwera kwa Beecham kale mu 1899, atalowa m'malo mwa Hans Richter ku Halle Orchestra.

Ulemerero wa maonekedwe ake, kupsa mtima ndi kachitidwe koyambilira, makamaka kotukuka, komanso kakhalidwe kake zinapangitsa Beecham kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Wokamba nthano wanzeru, wokonda kucheza ndi wokonda kucheza naye, mwamsanga anayamba kucheza ndi oimba amene ankakonda kugwira naye ntchito. Mwina ndichifukwa chake Beecham adakhala woyambitsa komanso wokonza magulu angapo. Mu 1906 adayambitsa New Symphony Orchestra, mu 1932 London Philharmonic, ndi 1946 Royal Philharmonic. Onsewa adatenga gawo lalikulu m'moyo wanyimbo wa Chingerezi kwazaka zambiri.

Kuyambira mu 1909 kuchita nawo opera nyumba, Beecham anakhala mutu wa Covent Garden, amene nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito thandizo lake la ndalama. Koma koposa zonse, Beecham adadziwika ngati wotanthauzira bwino kwambiri woyimba. Mphamvu zazikulu, kudzoza komanso kumveketsa bwino zidawonetsa kutanthauzira kwake kwaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, makamaka Mozart, Berlioz, wolembedwa ndi olemba chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX - R. Strauss, Rimsky-Korsakov, Sibelius, komanso Stravinsky. “Pali otsogolera,” analemba motero mmodzi wa osulizawo, “omwe mbiri yawo yazikidwa pa Beethoven “wawo,” Brahm “wawo,” Strauss “wawo”. Koma palibe amene Mozart anali wokongola kwambiri, amene Berlioz ndi wodzitukumula kwambiri, amene Schubert ndi wosavuta ndi mawu ngati Beecham. Mwa olemba a Chingerezi, Beecham nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo za F. Dilius, koma olemba ena nthawi zonse adapeza malo awo m'mapulogalamu ake.

Kuwongolera, Beecham adatha kukwaniritsa chiyero chodabwitsa, mphamvu ndi kumveka kwa mawu a oimba. Iye anayesetsa kuti “woimba aliyense aziimba yekha mbali yake, ngati woimba yekha.” Kumbuyo kwa chitonthozocho kunali woimba wopupuluma yemwe anali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zokopa okhestra, chikoka cha "hypnotic" chochokera ku chithunzi chake chonse. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, “zolankhula zake zonse,” monga momwe wolemba mbiri ya wochititsayo akunenera, “zinaphunziridwa ndi kudziŵikatu. Oimba oimba nawonso ankadziwa zimenezi, ndipo m’kati mwa makonsatiwo anali okonzeka kukwera mapilo osayembekezeka. Ntchito yoyesererayo inali yongosonyeza oimba zimene wochititsa konsatiyo akufuna kukwaniritsa. Koma Beecham nthawi zonse anali wodzaza ndi chifuniro chosagonjetseka, chidaliro m'malingaliro ake. Ndipo nthawi zonse anali kuwaukitsa. Pazochitika zonse zamaluso ake, Beecham anali wosewera wabwino kwambiri. Pochita bwino kwambiri zisudzo za opera, adapatsa mwayi kwa oimbawo kuti awulule zomwe angathe. Beecham anali woyamba kudziwitsa anthu a Chingerezi ambuye monga Caruso ndi Chaliapin.

Beecham adayenda pang'ono poyerekeza ndi anzake, akupereka mphamvu zambiri kumagulu a nyimbo za Chingerezi. Koma mphamvu zake zinali zosatha, ndipo ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu adayenda ulendo waukulu ku Ulaya ndi South America, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkachitika ku USA. Osatchuka kwambiri kunja kwa England adamubweretsera zojambula zambiri; m'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake adatulutsa zolemba zoposa makumi atatu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek