Atatu |

lat. trias, germ. Dreiklang, English. atatu, French triple accord

1) Chord cha mawu atatu, omwe amatha kukonzedwa mu magawo atatu. Pali mitundu inayi ya T.: makonsonanti awiri - chachikulu (chachikulunso, "cholimba", trias harmonica maior, trias harmonica naturalis, perfecta) ndi chaching'ono (chochepa, "chofewa", trias harmonica minor, trias harmonica mollis, imperfecta) ndi awiri dissonant - kuchuluka (komanso "mochulukira", trias superflue, abundans) ndi kuchepetsedwa (trias deficiens - "osakwanira"). Konsonanti T. zimawuka chifukwa cha kugawa bwino consonance wachisanu molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha magawo - masamu (4:4:5, mwachitsanzo chachikulu chachitatu + chaching'ono chachitatu) ndi harmonic (6:10:12, mwachitsanzo wamng'ono wachitatu + chachikulu chachitatu). Chimodzi mwa izo - chachikulu - chimagwirizana ndi kuphunzira kwa ma toni m'munsi mwa sikelo yachilengedwe (matani 15: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5). Ma consonant tonal ndi maziko a chord mu kachitidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono ka tonal kamene kankafala m'zaka za m'ma 6 ndi 17. ("The harmonic triad ndiye maziko a consonance onse ...", analemba IG Walter). Major ndi ang'onoang'ono T. ali pakati. zinthu za Mutu 19. frets ku Ulaya. nyimbo zokhala ndi mayina omwewo. Kumlingo waukulu, mamvekedwe a makonsonanti asungabe tanthauzo lake m’nyimbo za m’zaka za zana la 2. Imani pambali 20 "zosagwirizana." T. - kuchuluka (kuchokera pazigawo ziwiri zazikulu) ndi kuchepetsedwa (kuchokera ku zing'onozing'ono ziwiri). Osati kuwonjezera ku consonance yachisanu yoyera, onsewa alibe kukhazikika (makamaka ocheperako, omwe ali ndi dissonance ya kuchepa kwachisanu). Muse. chiphunzitso mogwirizana ndi mchitidwe contrapuntal. zilembo poyamba ankaona polyphony, kuphatikizapo T., monga zovuta intervals (mwachitsanzo, T. monga osakaniza wachisanu ndi awiri pa atatu). G. Tsarlino anapereka chiphunzitso choyamba cha T. (2), kuwatcha "magwirizano" ndikufotokozera zazikulu ndi zazing'ono T. mothandizidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha chiwerengero cha chiwerengero (mu utali wa zingwe, zazikulu T. - harmonic gawo 1558: 15:12, zazing’ono – masamu 10:6:5). Pambuyo pake, T. adasankhidwa kukhala "triad" (trias; malinga ndi A. Kircher, T.-triad ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya "nkhani" ya nyimbo pamodzi ndi sound-monad ndi two-tone-diad). I. Lippius (4) ndi A. Werkmeister (1612-1686) ankakhulupirira kuti “harmonic.” T. amaimira Utatu Woyera. NP Diletsky (87) amaphunzitsa "concordances" (consonances) pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha T. ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kwa prima, mu dongosolo lolondola (lonse kapena pafupi); amatanthauzira mitundu iwiri molingana ndi T.: ut-mi-sol - "nyimbo zokondwa", re-fa-la - "nyimbo zachisoni". JF Rameau analekanitsa nyimbo "zolondola" kuchokera ku zosakaniza ndi zomveka zopanda phokoso ndikutanthauzira T. ngati yaikulu. chord mtundu. M. Hauptmann, A. Oettingen, H. Riemann, ndi Z. Karg-Elert anamasulira wamng'ono T. monga galasi inversion (inversion) yaikulu (nthanthi ya uwiri wa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono); Riemann anayesa kutsimikizira upawiri wa T. mwa chiphunzitso cha untertons. Mu chiphunzitso cha Riemann, consonant temporality imamveka ngati monolithic complex, maziko a mitundu yonse ya zosinthidwa.

2) Kusankhidwa kwa chachikulu. mtundu wa tertian atatu-sound chord yokhala ndi prima mu bass, mosiyana ndi ma inversions ake.

Zothandizira: Diletsky Nikolay, Idea of ​​the galamala ya Musikiy, M., 1979; Zarlino G., Le istitutioni harmonice, Venetia, 1558 (facsimile in Monuments of music and music literature in facsimile, 2 series, NY, 1965); Lippius J., Synopsis musicae novae omnino verae atque methodicae universae, Argentorati, 1612; Werckmeister A., ​​​​Musicae mathematicae hodegus curiosus, Frankfurt-Lpz., 1686, yosindikizidwanso. Nachdruck Hildesheim, 1972; Rameau J. Rh., Traité de l'harmonie…, P., 1722; Hauptmann M., Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, Lpz., 1853, 1873; Oettingen A. von, Harmoniesystem in dualer Entwicklung, Dorpat, 1865, Lpz., 1913 (pansi pa mutu: Das duale Harmoniesystem); Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L.-NY, 1893 his, Geschichte der Musiktheorie in IX. - XIX. Jahrhundert, Lpz., 1901; Hildesheim, 1898; Karg-Elert S., Polaristische Klang- und Tonalitätslehre, Lpz., 1961; Walther JG, Praecepta der musicalischen Composition (1931), Lpz., 1708.

Yu. H. Kholopov