Thomas Hampson |

Thomas Hampson

Woyimba waku America, m'modzi mwa odziwika bwino kwambiri m'nthawi yathu ino. Wojambula wapadera wa Verdi repertoire, wotanthauzira mochenjera wa nyimbo zapakhomo, wokonda nyimbo za olemba amakono, mphunzitsi - Hampson alipo mwa anthu khumi ndi awiri. Thomas Hampson amalankhula za zonsezi ndi zina zambiri kwa mtolankhani Gregorio Moppi.

Pafupifupi chaka chapitacho, EMI idatulutsa CD yanu yokhala ndi ma arias ochokera kumasewera a Verdi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment ikutsagana nanu.

Izi sizopeza malonda, ingokumbukirani momwe ndidayimbira ndi Harnocourt! Masiku ano pali chizoloŵezi chochita nyimbo za opera popanda kuganizira kwambiri za chikhalidwe chenicheni cha malembawo, za mzimu wake weniweni komanso za njira yomwe inalipo panthawi yomwe malembawo adawonekera. Cholinga cha disc yanga ndikubwerera kumveka koyambirira, ku tanthauzo lakuya lomwe Verdi adayika mu nyimbo zake. Pali malingaliro okhudza kalembedwe kake omwe sindimagawana nawo. Mwachitsanzo, stereotype ya "Verdi baritone". Koma Verdi, katswiri, sanalenge zilembo za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, koma anafotokoza maganizo a maganizo omwe amasintha nthawi zonse: chifukwa opera iliyonse ili ndi chiyambi chake ndipo protagonist aliyense amapatsidwa khalidwe lapadera, mtundu wake wa mawu. "Verdi baritone" uyu ndi ndani: Bambo ake a Jeanne d'Arc, Count di Luna, Montfort, Marquis di Posa, Iago… ndi ndani mwa iwo? Nkhani ina ndi legato: nthawi zosiyanasiyana zopanga, otchulidwa osiyanasiyana. Verdi ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya legato, pamodzi ndi piyano yosatha, pianissimo, mezzo-forte. Tengani Count di Luna. Tonse tikudziwa kuti uyu ndi munthu wovuta, wovuta: komabe, panthawi ya aria Il balen del suo sorriso, ali m'chikondi, wodzaza ndi chilakolako. Pa nthawiyi ali yekha. Ndipo amaimba chiyani? Serenade pafupifupi yokongola kwambiri kuposa serenade ya Don Juan Deh, vieni alla finestra. Ndikunena zonsezi osati chifukwa Verdi wanga ndiye wabwino koposa zonse, ndikungofuna kufotokoza lingaliro langa.

Kodi Verdi repertoire yanu ndi chiyani?

Ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Chaka chatha ku Zurich ndinaimba Macbeth wanga woyamba. Ku Vienna ku 2002 ndimagwira nawo ntchito yatsopano ya Simon Boccanegra. Awa ndi masitepe ofunikira. Ndi Claudio Abbado ndidzalemba gawo la Ford ku Falstaff, ndi Nikolaus Harnoncourt Amonasro ku Aida. Zikuwoneka zoseketsa, chabwino? Harnocourt akujambula Aida! Sindinasangalale ndi woyimba yemwe amaimba bwino, molondola, molondola. Iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi umunthu wa munthu. Izi ndizofunikira ndi Verdi. Zowonadi, palibe Verdi soprano wangwiro, Verdi baritone wangwiro… Ndatopa ndi magulu osavuta komanso osavuta awa. “Muyenera kuunikira moyo mwa ife, pa siteji ndife anthu. Tili ndi mzimu, "anthu a Verdi amatiuza. Ngati, pambuyo pa masekondi makumi atatu a nyimbo za Don Carlos, simukumva mantha, osamva ukulu wa ziwerengerozi, ndiye kuti chinachake chalakwika. Ntchito ya wojambulayo ndi kudzifunsa kuti n’chifukwa chiyani munthu amene akumasulirayo amatengera mmene amachitira, mpaka kufika pomvetsa mmene moyo wa munthuyo ulili kunja kwa siteji.

Kodi mumakonda Don Carlos mu Chifalansa kapena Chitaliyana?

Sindikanafuna kusankha pakati pawo. Zachidziwikire, opera yokhayo ya Verdi yomwe iyenera kuyimbidwa mu French nthawi zonse ndi Sicilian Vespers, chifukwa kumasulira kwake ku Italy sikuwoneka. Zolemba zilizonse za Don Carlos zidapangidwa mu French ndi Verdi. Mawu ena amati ndi a Chitaliyana. Ayi, uku ndikulakwitsa. Awa ndi mawu achi French. Don Carlos wa ku Italy ndi opera yolembedwanso: mtundu wa Chifalansa uli pafupi ndi sewero la Schiller, mawonekedwe a auto-da-fé ndi abwino kwambiri mu mtundu waku Italy.

Kodi munganene chiyani pakusintha kwa baritone ya gawo la Werther?

Samalani, Massenet sanasinthe gawolo, koma adalembanso kwa Mattia Battistini. Werther uyu ali pafupi ndi Goethe wachikondi wachikondi. Wina akuyenera kuwonetsa opera mu mtundu uwu ku Italy, chingakhale chochitika chenicheni padziko lonse lapansi.

Ndi Doctor Faust Busoni?

Ichi ndi chojambula chomwe chayiwalika kwa nthawi yayitali, opera yomwe imakhudza mavuto akuluakulu a moyo waumunthu.

Kodi mwasewerapo maudindo angati?

Sindikudziwa: kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yanga, ndinayimba timagulu tating'onoting'ono. Mwachitsanzo, filimu yanga yoyamba ku Ulaya inachitika ngati munthu wodziwika bwino mu opera ya Poulenc yotchedwa Breasts of Tiresias. Masiku ano, si mwambo pakati pa achichepere kuyamba ndi maudindo ang’onoang’ono, ndiyeno amadandaula kuti ntchito yawo inali yaifupi kwambiri! Ndili ndi zoyambira mpaka 2004. Ndayimba kale Onegin, Hamlet, Athanael, Amfortas. Ndikufuna kwambiri kubwerera ku zisudzo monga Pelléas ndi Mélisande ndi Billy Budd.

Ndidawona kuti nyimbo za Wolf zidachotsedwa mu mbiri yanu ya Lied…

Zimandidabwitsa kuti ku Italy wina akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi ndi izi. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chikondwerero cha Wolf chikubwera posachedwa, ndipo nyimbo zake zidzamveka mowirikiza kotero kuti anthu adzanena kuti "kwakwanira, tiyeni tipitirire ku Mahler". Ndinaimba Mahler kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yanga, kenako ndinamuika pambali. Koma ndidzabwereranso mu 2003, pamodzi ndi Barenboim.

Chilimwe chatha mudachita ku Salzburg ndi pulogalamu yoyambira konsati…

Ndakatulo za ku America zinakopa chidwi cha olemba nyimbo a ku America ndi ku Ulaya. Pamtima pa lingaliro langa ndikukhumba kuperekanso kwa anthu nyimbozi, makamaka zomwe zinapangidwa ndi oimba a ku Ulaya, kapena Achimereka okhala ku Ulaya. Ndikugwira ntchito yayikulu ndi Library of Congress kuti ndifufuze miyambo yaku America kudzera mu ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa ndakatulo ndi nyimbo. Tilibe Schubert, Verdi, Brahms, koma pali zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadutsana ndi mafunde ofunika mu filosofi, ndi nkhondo zofunika kwambiri za demokalase za dziko. Ku United States, pali kuyambiranso kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chidwi pamwambo wanyimbo womwe sunadziwike kotheratu mpaka posachedwapa.

Kodi mukuganiza bwanji za Bernstein wolemba nyimbo?

Zaka khumi ndi zisanu kuchokera pano, Lenny adzakumbukiridwa kwambiri monga wolemba nyimbo osati monga wotsogolera wamkulu wa okhestra.

Nanga bwanji nyimbo zamasiku ano?

Ndili ndi malingaliro osangalatsa a nyimbo zamakono. Zimandikopa kosatha, makamaka nyimbo zaku America. Uku ndi kumverana chisoni, kumasonyezedwa ndi kuti olemba ambiri alemba, akulemba ndipo adzandilembera. Mwachitsanzo, ndili ndi polojekiti yogwirizana ndi Luciano Berio. Ndikuganiza kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala nyimbo zotsatizana ndi gulu la oimba.

Kodi si inu amene munauzira Berio kuti akonze zoimbaimba ziwiri za Mahler, Fruhe Lieder?

Izi sizowona kwathunthu. Ena a Bodza, ndi kutsagana kwa piyano ndi Mahler wamng'ono, omwe Berio adakonza za okhestra, analipo kale m'zolemba za wolemba za zida. Berio wangomaliza kumene ntchitoyi, osakhudza mawu oyambira pang'ono. Ndinagwira nyimboyi mu 1986 pamene ndinaimba nyimbo zisanu zoyambirira. Chaka chotsatira, Berio anakonza zidutswa zina zingapo ndipo, popeza tinali kale ndi ubale wogwirizana, anandipempha kuti ndiimbe.

Inu muli mu kuphunzitsa. Iwo ati oimba akulu amtsogolo adzachokera ku America…

Sindinamvepo, mwina chifukwa ndimaphunzitsa ku Europe! Kunena zowona, sindiri wokondweretsedwa ndi komwe amachokera, ochokera ku Italy, America kapena Russia, chifukwa sindimakhulupirira kukhalapo kwa masukulu a dziko, koma zenizeni ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kuyanjana komwe kumapereka woimbayo, kulikonse kumene amachokera. , zida zofunika kuti alowe bwino mu zomwe amaimba. Cholinga changa ndikupeza mgwirizano pakati pa mzimu, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe a thupi la wophunzira. Inde, Verdi sangayimbidwe ngati Wagner, ndi Cola Porter ngati Hugo Wolf. Choncho, m'pofunika kudziwa malire ndi mithunzi ya chinenero chilichonse chimene mumayimba, zodziwika bwino za chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe mumayandikira, kuti muthe kumvetsa momwe wolembayo amamvera m'chinenero chake. Mwachitsanzo, Tchaikovsky amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufunafuna mphindi yosangalatsa ya nyimbo kuposa Verdi, yemwe chidwi chake, m'malo mwake, chimayang'ana kufotokoza khalidwe, pa mawu ochititsa chidwi, omwe ali wokonzeka, mwinamwake, kupereka nsembe kukongola kwa mawu. N’chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana kumeneku? Chimodzi mwa zifukwa ndi chinenero: zimadziwika kuti chinenero Russian ndi wonyada kwambiri.

Ntchito yanu ku Italy?

Kuimba kwanga koyamba ku Italy kunali mu 1986, ndikuimba The Magic Horn of the Boy Mahler mu Trieste. Ndiyeno, chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, iye anachita nawo konsati ya La bohème ku Rome, yochitidwa ndi Bernstein. Sindidzaiwala. Chaka chatha ndinaimba mu oratorio ya Mendelssohn Elijah ku Florence.

Nanga bwanji za zisudzo?

Kuchita nawo ziwonetsero za opera sikuperekedwa. Italy iyenera kusinthira kumayendedwe omwe dziko lonse lapansi limagwira ntchito. Ku Italy, mayina omwe ali pazithunzi amatsimikiziridwa panthawi yomaliza, ndipo pambali pa mfundo yakuti, mwinamwake, ndimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, ndikudziwa kumene ndi zomwe ndidzayimba mu 2005. Sindinayambe ndayimba ku La Scala, koma zokambirana. zili mkati mokhuza kutenga nawo gawo mu imodzi mwa zisudzo zomwe zidzatsegule nyengo zamtsogolo.

Mafunso ndi T. Hampson lofalitsidwa mu magazini ya Amadeus (2001) Kufalitsidwa ndi kumasulira kuchokera ku Chitaliyana ndi Irina Sorokina