Zida zosinthira |

German transponierende Instrumente transposing zida

Zida zoimbira, mamvekedwe ake enieni omwe sagwirizana ndi zolembazo, zimasiyana ndi nthawi inayake (mmwamba kapena pansi - kutengera ma testitura achilengedwe ndi makonzedwe a zida).

Ku T. ndi. ndi zapamakutu za mzimu wamkuwa. zida (nyanga, malipenga, cornets, mitundu ya tuba, saxhorns), pl. matabwa (mabanja a clarinet, saxophones, mitundu ya oboe - horn English, oboe d'amour, huxlphone); muli bwanji. ungathenso kuonedwa ngati mauta a zingwe, omangidwanso kuti akhale wakuti. kapitawo - pamwamba kapena pansi pa makonzedwe awo abwino (onani Scordatura). Ku T. ndi. Zimaphatikizansopo zida zomwe zimamveka ngati octave m'munsi kuposa zolemba (double bass, contrabassoon) kapena octave yapamwamba (piccolo chitoliro, celesta, xylophone, mabelu), koma kwenikweni izi sizosintha, chifukwa masitepe amasunga mayina awo. . zachilengedwe zomveka zomveka zogwirizana ndi chipangizo cha chida (cha zida zamkuwa zamkuwa - kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa overtones), kwa T. ndi. zolembedwa mu kiyi ya C-dur. Kutengera ndi kukonza (kukonza) kwa zida, zomveka zotchulidwa mu C-dur zimamveka nthawi yodziwika kwambiri kapena yotsika, mwachitsanzo. c2 ya clarinet mu B idzamveka ngati b1 (kwa clarinet mu A - ngati a1), kwa Chingerezi. lipenga kapena nyanga mu F - monga f1, y alto saxophone ku Es - monga es1, y tenor mu B - monga b, y lipenga mu Es kapena sopranino saxophone - monga es2, ndi zina zotero.

L. Beethoven. 8 symphony, 1st movement.

Kutuluka kwa T. ndi., Kapena kani, kalembedwe kowamasulira, kumatanthauza zaka za zana la 18, ku nyengo yomwe mzimu. zida zimatha kutulutsa pafupifupi matani a sikelo yake yosavuta kapena masikelo achilengedwe. Popeza C-dur ndiye fungulo losavuta kwambiri potengera notation, mchitidwewo udawuka kuti uzindikire zigawo za C-dur zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusinthidwa kwachilengedwe kwa chidacho.

Ndi kupangidwa kwa mavavu ndi zipata, kusewera mu makiyi mochuluka kapena mochepera kuchotsedwa kwa akuluakulu. kumanga chida, kunathandizira kwambiri, koma mchitidwe wotumizira ma notation (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwerenga zambiri) zikupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtsutso wina wokomera kusungidwa kwake ndikuti, chifukwa cha mawu osinthira, woyimba yemweyo amatha kusintha mosavuta kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chida cha banja lomwelo kupita ku mtundu wina ndikusintha kosiyana kwinaku akusunga chala, mwachitsanzo. kuchokera ku clarinet mu A kupita ku bass clarinet mu B (chala chasungidwa): kusintha kwa zida zotere kumachitika popanga chidutswa chimodzi. (otchulidwa: Cl. mu B muta mu A; Cl. mu B muta Cl. picc. mu Es). Dep. kutulutsa mzimu. zida nthawi zonse zimazindikiridwa molingana ndi mawu ake (monga trombones mu B, tuba mu B). Olemba ena a m'zaka za zana la 20. adayesa kuzindikira maphwando a T. ndi. monga mwa mawu awo; pakati pawo - A. Schoenberg (serenade op. 24, 1924), A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Honegger, SS Prokofiev.

Mu zaka 17-18. ku T. ndi. machitidwe ena a ziwalo adanenedwanso, kapangidwe kake kosiyana ndi kayimbidwe ka orchestral ndipo, motero, gawo lawo lidalembedwa makiyi ena.

Литература: Herz N., Chiphunzitso cha transposing zida zoimbira, Lpz., 1911; Erpf H., Buku la zida ndi chidziwitso cha zida, Mainz, (1959).