Hugo Wolf |

Hugo Wolf

Mu ntchito ya wolemba nyimbo wa ku Austria G. Wolf, malo akuluakulu amakhala ndi nyimbo, nyimbo za nyimbo za chipinda. Wopekayo adayesetsa kusakanikirana kwathunthu kwa nyimbo ndi zomwe zili m'ndakatulo, nyimbo zake zimakhudzidwa ndi tanthauzo ndi kamvekedwe ka liwu lililonse, lingaliro lililonse la ndakatulo. M’ndakatulo, Wolf, m’mawu akeake, anapeza “gwero lenileni” la chinenero cha nyimbo. “Ndingoganizani ngati munthu wongoyimba mluzu mwanjira iliyonse; kwa omwe nyimbo zachipongwe komanso nyimbo zokongoletsedwa bwino zimawafikira mofanana, "anatero wolemba nyimboyo. Sikophweka kumvetsa chinenero chake: wolembayo ankafunitsitsa kukhala wolemba sewero ndikudzaza nyimbo zake, zomwe sizimafanana kwambiri ndi nyimbo wamba, ndi mawu a anthu.

Njira ya Wolf m'moyo komanso muzojambula inali yovuta kwambiri. Zaka za kukwera zimasiyana ndi zovuta zowawa kwambiri, pamene kwa zaka zingapo sanathe "kufinya" cholemba chimodzi. (“Ndi moyo wa galu pamene sungathe kugwira ntchito.”) Nyimbo zambiri zinalembedwa ndi wopeka nyimbo m’zaka zitatu (1888-91).

Bambo a wolemba nyimboyo anali wokonda kwambiri nyimbo, ndipo kunyumba, m’banjamo, ankakonda kuimba nyimbo. Panali ngakhale gulu la oimba (Hugo ankaimba violin mmenemo), nyimbo zotchuka, zolemba za zisudzo zinkamveka. Ali ndi zaka 10, Wolf analowa m’bwalo la masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Graz, ndipo ali ndi zaka 15 anakhala wophunzira pa Vienna Conservatory. Kumeneko anakhala bwenzi ndi mnzake G. Mahler, m'tsogolo wamkulu symphonic wopeka ndi wochititsa. Komabe, posakhalitsa, kukhumudwa mu maphunziro a Conservatory kunayambika, ndipo mu 1877 Wolff anathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku Conservatory "chifukwa cha kuphwanya chilango" (zochitikazo zinali zovuta ndi chikhalidwe chake chokhwima, cholunjika). Zaka zodziphunzitsa zidayamba: Wolf adadziwa bwino kuyimba piyano ndipo adaphunzira yekha zolemba zanyimbo.

Posakhalitsa anakhala wochirikiza kwambiri ntchito ya R. Wagner; Malingaliro a Wagner okhudza kugonjera kwa nyimbo ku sewero, za umodzi wa mawu ndi nyimbo zinamasuliridwa ndi Wolff mu mtundu wa nyimbo mwa njira yawoyawo. Woyimba wofunitsitsa adayendera fano lake ali ku Vienna. Kwa nthawi ndithu, kupanga nyimbo kunaphatikizidwa ndi ntchito ya Wolf monga wotsogolera mumzinda wa Salzburg (1881-82). Kutalikirana kunali mgwirizano mu "Viennese Salon Sheet" (1884-87) mlungu uliwonse. Monga wotsutsa nyimbo, Wolf adateteza ntchito ya Wagner ndi "luso lamtsogolo" lomwe adalengeza (lomwe liyenera kugwirizanitsa nyimbo, zisudzo ndi ndakatulo). Koma chisoni cha oimba ambiri a Viennese chinali kumbali ya I. Brahms, yemwe analemba nyimbo zachikhalidwe, zodziwika bwino kwa mitundu yonse (onse Wagner ndi Brahms anali ndi njira yawoyawo yapadera "ku gombe latsopano", ochirikiza aliyense wa izi zazikulu. olemba ogwirizana mu 2 "misasa" yomenyana. Chifukwa cha zonsezi, udindo Wolf mu dziko nyimbo Vienna anakhala m'malo ovuta; zolemba zake zoyamba zidalandira ndemanga zosasangalatsa kuchokera kwa atolankhani. Zinafika poti mu 1883, poimba ndakatulo ya Wolff yotchedwa Penthesilea (yochokera pa tsoka la G. Kleist), oimba a oimbawo ankaimba mwadala, kusokoneza nyimbo. Chotsatira cha ichi chinali kukana kwathunthu kwa woimbayo kuti apange nyimbo za oimba - patatha zaka 7 "Italian Serenade" (1892) idzawonekera.

Ali ndi zaka 28, Wolf pamapeto pake amapeza mtundu wake ndi mutu wake. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Mmbulu mwiniyo, zinali ngati “mwadzidzidzi kudatulukira kwa iye”: tsopano anatembenuza mphamvu zake zonse kupanga nyimbo (pafupifupi 300 pamodzi). Ndipo kale mu 1890-91. kuzindikira kumabwera: zoimbaimba zimachitika m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Austria ndi Germany, kumene Wolf mwini nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi soloist-woimba. Pofuna kutsindika kufunika kwa malemba a ndakatulo, wolembayo nthawi zambiri amatcha ntchito zake osati nyimbo, koma "ndakatulo": "ndakatulo za E. Merike", "ndakatulo za I. Eichendorff", "ndakatulo za JV Goethe". Ntchito zabwino kwambiri zimaphatikizaponso "mabuku a nyimbo" awiri: "Spanish" ndi "Italian".

Kupanga kwa Wolf kunali kovuta, kozama - adaganiza za ntchito yatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali, yomwe idalowetsedwa pamapepala pomaliza. Monga F. Schubert kapena M. Mussorgsky, Wolf sakanatha "kugawa" pakati pa zidziwitso ndi ntchito za boma. Wodzichepetsa potengera momwe zinthu ziliri, wolembayo ankakhala ndi ndalama zapanthawi zina kuchokera ku makonsati ndi kufalitsa ntchito zake. Analibe ngodya yokhazikika komanso chida (adapita kwa abwenzi kukaimba piyano), ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo wake adakwanitsa kubwereka chipinda ndi piyano. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Wolf adatembenukira ku mtundu wanyimbo: adalemba sewero la comic Corregidor ("kodi sitingathenso kuseka m'nthawi yathu ino") ndi sewero losamalizidwa loimba Manuel Venegas (zonse zochokera ku nkhani za Spaniard X. Alarcon). ). Matenda aakulu a maganizo anamulepheretsa kumaliza opera yachiwiri; mu 1898 wolembayo anaikidwa m'chipatala cha anthu odwala matenda amisala. Tsoka lomvetsa chisoni la Nkhandwe linali m'njira zambiri. Zina mwa mphindi zake (mikangano yachikondi, matenda ndi imfa) zikuwonekera m'buku la T. Mann "Doctor Faustus" - mu mbiri ya moyo wa wolemba nyimbo Adrian Leverkün.

K. Zenkin

Munyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX, malo akulu adakhala ndi gawo la mawu amawu. Chidwi chokulirapo nthawi zonse mu moyo wamkati wa munthu, pakutengera mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a psyche yake, "dialectics of the soul" (NG Chernyshevsky) idapangitsa maluwa anyimbo ndi mtundu wachikondi, womwe udapitilira kwambiri. Austria (kuyambira ndi Schubert) ndi Germany (kuyambira ndi Schumann). ). Mawonekedwe aluso amtunduwu ndi osiyanasiyana. Koma mitsinje iwiri tingaone mu chitukuko chake: mmodzi amagwirizana ndi Schubert nyimbo mwambo, winayo - ndi Schumann kulengeza. Yoyamba inapitilizidwa ndi Johannes Brahms, yachiwiri ndi Hugo Wolf.

Maudindo oyambilira a akatswiri awiri oimba nyimbo, omwe amakhala ku Vienna nthawi yomweyo, anali osiyana (ngakhale Wolf anali wamng'ono kwa zaka 27 kuposa Brahms), ndipo mawonekedwe ophiphiritsira ndi kalembedwe ka nyimbo ndi chikondi chawo chinali chosiyana. payekha mbali. Kusiyanitsa kwina kulinso kofunika: Brahms adagwira ntchito mwakhama mumitundu yonse ya nyimbo (kupatulapo opera), pamene Wolf adadziwonetsera momveka bwino m'mawu a mawu (iye, kuwonjezera apo, wolemba opera ndi wamng'ono). kuchuluka kwa zida zoimbira).

Tsoka la wolemba nyimboyu ndi lachilendo, lodziŵika ndi mavuto ankhanza a moyo, kusowa zinthu zakuthupi, ndi kusoŵa. Osalandira maphunziro mwadongosolo nyimbo, ndi zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu anali asanalenge chilichonse chofunika. Mwadzidzidzi panali luso lokhwima; mkati mwa zaka ziwiri, kuyambira 1888 mpaka 1890, Wolf anapeka pafupifupi mazana awiri nyimbo. Kuyaka kwake kwauzimu kunali kodabwitsadi! Koma m'zaka za m'ma 90, gwero la kudzoza linazimiririka kwakanthawi; ndiye panali kuyimitsidwa kwautali kulenga - wolembayo sakanatha kulemba mzere umodzi wanyimbo. Mu 1897, ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Nkhandwe inagwidwa ndi misala yosachiritsika. M’chipatala chifukwa cha amisala, anakhala ndi moyo zaka zina zisanu zowawa.

Kotero, zaka khumi zokha zinatenga nthawi ya kukhwima kwa Wolf, ndipo m'zaka khumi izi adalemba nyimbo zonse kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zokha. Komabe, munthawi yochepayi adatha kudziulula mokwanira komanso mosinthasintha kotero kuti adatha kutenga malo oyamba pakati pa olemba mawu akunja azaka za m'ma XNUMX ngati wojambula wamkulu.

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Hugo Wolf anabadwa pa March 13, 1860 m'tauni yaing'ono ya Windischgraz, yomwe ili ku Southern Styria (kuyambira 1919 anapita ku Yugoslavia). Bambo ake, mbuye wachikopa, wokonda kwambiri nyimbo, ankaimba violin, gitala, zeze, chitoliro ndi piyano. Banja lalikulu - mwa ana asanu ndi atatu, Hugo anali wachinayi - ankakhala modzichepetsa. Komabe, m'nyumba nyimbo zambiri ankaimba: Austrian, Italy, Asilavo nyimbo wowerengeka (makolo a mayi wa m'tsogolo wopeka anali alimi Slovenia). Nyimbo za Quartet zidakulanso: abambo ake adakhala pachiwonetsero choyamba cha violin, ndipo Hugo wamng'ono adakhala pachiwonetsero chachiwiri. Analowanso m'gulu la oimba osaphunzira, lomwe linkaimba makamaka zosangalatsa, nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuyambira ali mwana, mikhalidwe yotsutsana ya Wolf idawonekera: ndi okondedwa ake anali wofewa, wachikondi, wotseguka, ndi alendo - wachisoni, wokwiya msanga, wokangana. Makhalidwe oterowo anachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulankhulana naye, motero zinapangitsa moyo wake kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Ichi chinali chifukwa chake sanathe kulandira mwadongosolo General ndi akatswiri maphunziro nyimbo: zaka zinayi zokha Wolf anaphunzira pa masewero olimbitsa thupi ndi zaka ziwiri zokha pa Vienna Conservatory, kumene iye anachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha "kuphwanya chilango."

Chikondi cha nyimbo chinadzutsa mwa iye molawirira ndipo poyamba adalimbikitsidwa ndi abambo ake. Koma anachita mantha pamene mnyamata wamakani ankafuna kukhala katswiri woimba. Chigamulocho, mosiyana ndi kuletsa kwa abambo ake, chinakula pambuyo pa msonkhano ndi Richard Wagner mu 1875.

Wagner, katswiri wodziwika bwino, adapita ku Vienna, komwe adayimba nyimbo zake za Tannhäuser ndi Lohengrin. Mnyamata wina wazaka khumi ndi zisanu, yemwe anali atangoyamba kumene kupeka, anayesa kumudziwitsa za zochitika zake zoyamba za kulenga. Iye, osawayang'ana, komabe anachitira bwino munthu amene amamukondayo. Mouziridwa, Wolf amadzipereka kwathunthu ku nyimbo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa iye monga "chakudya ndi zakumwa." Chifukwa cha zomwe amakonda, ayenera kusiya chilichonse, ndikuchepetsa zosowa zake mpaka malire.

Atachoka ku Conservatory ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi abambo, Wolf amakhala pa ntchito zachilendo, kulandira ndalama zolembera makalata kapena maphunziro apadera (pa nthawiyo anali woimba piyano wabwino kwambiri!). Alibe nyumba yokhazikika. (Kotero, kuyambira Seputembala 1876 mpaka Meyi 1879, Wolf adakakamizika, osatha kulipira ndalamazo, kusintha zipinda zopitilira makumi awiri! ..), satha kudya tsiku lililonse, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala alibe ngakhale ndalama zogulira masitampu kuti atumize kalata kwa makolo ake. Koma nyimbo ya Vienna, yomwe idakumana ndi luso lake m'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi 80, imapatsa achinyamata okonda chidwi cholimbikitsira kuti azitha kulenga.

Amaphunzira mwakhama ntchito za classics, amathera maola ambiri m'malaibulale kuti apeze zambiri. Kuti aziyimba piyano, amayenera kupita kwa abwenzi - pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wake waufupi (kuyambira 1896) Wolf adzatha kubwereka chipinda chokhala ndi chida chake.

Mabwenzi ndi ochepa, koma ndi anthu odzipereka moona mtima kwa iye. Kulemekeza Wagner, Wolf amakhala pafupi ndi oimba achichepere - ophunzira a Anton Bruckner, omwe, monga mukudziwa, adasilira kwambiri luso la wolemba "Ring of the Nibelungen" ndipo adakwanitsa kuyika kupembedza uku mwa anthu omwe amamuzungulira.

Mwachibadwa, ndi chilakolako chonse cha chikhalidwe chake, kujowina ochirikiza Wagner mpatuko, Wolf anakhala wotsutsa Brahms, ndipo motero wamphamvu zonse mu Vienna, caustically wochenjera Hanslick, komanso Brahmsians ena, kuphatikizapo olamulira, odziwika kwambiri m'zaka zimenezo, wochititsa Hans Richter, komanso Hans Bülow.

Choncho, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake yolenga, osayanjanitsika komanso akuthwa mu ziweruzo zake, Wolf sanapeze mabwenzi okha, komanso adani.

Khalidwe lodana ndi Wolf kuchokera kumagulu otchuka a nyimbo ku Vienna linakula kwambiri atatha kuchita ngati wotsutsa mu nyuzipepala ya Salon Leaf. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zomwe zili mkati mwake zinali zopanda kanthu, zopanda pake. Koma izi zinali zopanda chidwi kwa Wolf - ankafunika nsanja yomwe, monga mneneri wotentheka, amatha kulemekeza Gluck, Mozart ndi Beethoven, Berlioz, Wagner ndi Bruckner, pamene adagonjetsa Brahms ndi onse omwe adatenga zida zankhondo za Wagnerian. Kwa zaka zitatu, kuyambira 1884 mpaka 1887, Wolf adatsogolera nkhondoyi yosapambana, yomwe posakhalitsa inamubweretsera mayesero aakulu. Koma sanaganizire za zotsatira zake ndipo pakufufuza kwake kosalekeza adayesetsa kupeza umunthu wake wolenga.

Poyamba, Wolf adakopeka ndi malingaliro akulu - opera, symphony, concerto ya violin, sonata ya piyano, ndi nyimbo zoimbira zida zachipinda. Ambiri a iwo asungidwa mu mawonekedwe a zidutswa zosamalizidwa, kuwonetsa kusakhwima kwaumisiri kwa wolemba. Mwa njira, adalenganso makwaya ndi nyimbo zapayekha: poyamba adatsatira zitsanzo za tsiku ndi tsiku za "leadertafel", pamene wachiwiri analemba mothandizidwa ndi Schumann.

Zochita zazikulu kwambiri choyamba Nthawi yolenga ya Wolf, yomwe idadziwika ndi chikondi, inali ndakatulo ya symphonic Penthesilea (1883-1885, kutengera tsoka la dzina lomwelo lolemba G. Kleist) ndi The Serenade ya ku Italy ya quartet ya chingwe (1887, 1892 yosinthidwa ndi wolemba orchestra).

Zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi mbali ziwiri za moyo wosakhazikika wa wolemba: mu ndakatulo, molingana ndi gwero lolemba lomwe limafotokoza za kampeni yodziwika bwino ya Amazoni motsutsana ndi Troy wakale, mitundu yakuda, zikhumbo zachiwawa, kupsa mtima kosalamulirika, pomwe nyimbo za " Serenade” ndi yowonekera, yowala ndi kuwala kowala.

M’zaka zimenezi, Nkhandwe inali kuyandikira cholinga chake chomwe ankachikonda kwambiri. Ngakhale pakufunika, kuukira kwa adani, kulephera kochititsa manyazi kwa "Pentesileia" (The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra mu 1885 anavomera kusonyeza Penthesilea pa kubwereza kotsekedwa. Izi zisanachitike, Wolf ankadziwika ku Vienna kokha ngati wotsutsa Salon Leaflet, amene anakwiyitsa onse oimba ndi Hans Richter, amene anachita rehearsal, ndi. Wotsogolera, akusokoneza kuyimba kwake, adalankhula ndi oimba ndi mawu otsatirawa: "Amuna, sitidzayimba nyimboyi mpaka mapeto - ndimangofuna kuyang'ana munthu amene amalola kulemba za Maestro Brahms monga choncho. …”), pomalizira pake anadzipeza kukhala wopeka nyimbo. Zimayamba lachiwiri - nthawi yokhwima ya ntchito yake. Ndi kuwolowa manja komwe sikunachitikepo, talente yoyambirira ya Wolf idawululidwa. “M’nyengo yachisanu ya 1888,” iye anaulula motero kwa bwenzi lake, “pambuyo pa kuyendayenda kwa nthaŵi yaitali, masomphenya atsopano anawonekera pamaso panga.” Zimenezi zinam’tsegukira m’nkhani yoimba nyimbo. Apa Wolff akukonza kale njira yowona zenizeni.

Iye akuuza amayi ake kuti: “Chinali chaka chaphindu koposa ndipo chotero chinali chaka chachimwemwe koposa m’moyo wanga.” Kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi, Wolf adapanga nyimbo zana limodzi ndi khumi, ndipo zidachitika kuti tsiku limodzi adalemba zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu. Wojambula yekha yemwe adadzipereka yekha ku ntchito yolenga ndi kudziiwala yekha akhoza kulemba monga choncho.

Ntchitoyi, komabe, sinali yophweka kwa Nkhandwe. Mosasamala kanthu za madalitso a moyo, ku chipambano ndi kuzindikirika ndi anthu, koma pokhala wokhutiritsidwa ndi kulondola kwa zimene anachita, iye anati: “Ndimakondwera pamene ndilemba. Pamene gwero la kudzoza linauma, Nkhandwe inadandaula modandaula kuti: “Zimakhala zovuta bwanji kwa wojambula ngati satha kunena china chatsopano! Kuchulukitsa chikwi kwa iye kuti akagone m'manda ... ".

Kuchokera mu 1888 mpaka 1891, Wolf analankhula mokwanira: anamaliza nyimbo zinayi zazikuluzikulu - pa mavesi a Mörike, Eichendorff, Goethe ndi "Spanish Book of Songs" - okwana zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu ndikuyamba nyimbo. "Buku la Nyimbo za ku Italy" (ntchito makumi awiri ndi ziwiri) (Kuphatikiza apo, adalemba nyimbo zingapo zozikidwa pa ndakatulo za olemba ndakatulo ena.).

Dzina lake likuyamba kutchuka: "Wagner Society" ku Vienna akuyamba mwadongosolo kuphatikiza nyimbo zake mu zoimbaimba zawo; osindikiza amazisindikiza; Wolf amayenda ndi makonsati a wolemba kunja kwa Austria - kupita ku Germany; gulu la abwenzi ake ndi osilira likukulirakulira.

Mwadzidzidzi, kasupe wolenga anasiya kugunda, ndipo kukhumudwa kopanda chiyembekezo kunagwira Nkhandwe. Makalata ake ali odzaza ndi mawu otere: “Palibe funso la kupeka. Mulungu akudziwa momwe zidzathere ... ". "Ndafa kale ... Ndimakhala ngati nyama yogontha komanso yopusa ...". "Ngati sindingathenso kupanga nyimbo, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kundisamalira - muyenera kunditaya m'zinyalala ...".

Panakhala chete kwa zaka zisanu. Koma mu March 1895, Wolf anakhalanso ndi moyo - mu miyezi itatu analemba clavier wa opera Corregidor zochokera chiwembu cha wolemba wotchuka Spanish Pedro d'Alarcon. Panthawi imodzimodziyo amamaliza "Buku la Nyimbo za ku Italy" (ntchito zina makumi awiri ndi zinayi) ndikupanga zojambula za opera yatsopano "Manuel Venegas" (kutengera chiwembu cha d'Alarcon yomweyo).

Loto la Wolf linakwaniritsidwa - moyo wake wonse wachikulire ankafuna kuyesa dzanja lake pamtundu wa opera. Ntchito zamalankhulidwe zidamuthandiza ngati mayeso mumtundu wochititsa chidwi wa nyimbo, zina mwazovomerezeka ndi woimbayo, zinali zosewerera. Opera ndi opera yekha! iye anafuula m’kalata yopita kwa bwenzi lake mu 1891. “Kundizindikira kosangalatsa kwa ine monga wopeka nyimbo kumandikwiyitsa mpaka pansi pa moyo wanga. Kodi izi zingatanthauze chiyani, ngati sichitonzo chomwe nthawi zonse ndimalemba nyimbo zokha, zomwe ndimadziwa bwino mtundu wawung'ono komanso wopanda ungwiro, popeza uli ndi malingaliro odabwitsa ... ". Chikoka choterocho ku bwalo lamasewero chimakhudza moyo wonse wa wolemba nyimboyo.

Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Nkhandwe inkalimbikira kufunafuna njira zopezera malingaliro ake. Koma pokhala ndi chidwi cholemba mabuku, analeredwa ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba za ndakatulo, zomwe zinamulimbikitsa popanga nyimbo za mawu, sanapeze libretto yomwe imamukhutiritsa. Kuphatikiza apo, Wolf ankafuna kulemba sewero lamasewera ndi anthu enieni komanso malo enieni a tsiku ndi tsiku - "popanda nzeru za Schopenhauer," adawonjezeranso, ponena za fano lake Wagner.

“Ukulu weniweni wa wojambula,” anatero Wolf, “umapezeka ngati angasangalale ndi moyo.” Unali mtundu wanyimbo wamtundu uwu, wonyezimira wanyimbo womwe Wolf ankalota kuti alembe. Komabe, ntchitoyi sinamuyendere bwino.

Pazoyenera zake zonse, nyimbo za Corregidor zimasowa, mbali imodzi, kupepuka, kukongola - zotsatira zake, monga "Meistersingers" za Wagner, zimakhala zolemetsa, ndipo zina, zimasowa "kukhudza kwakukulu" , chitukuko chochititsa chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zolakwika zambiri mu libretto yotambasulidwa, yosagwirizana bwino, komanso nkhani yachidule ya d'Alarcon "The Three Cornered Hat" (Nkhani yaifupiyo ikufotokoza momwe miller wa humpbacked ndi mkazi wake wokongola, akukondana mwachidwi wina ndi mzake, adanyenga mkazi wakale corregidor (woweruza wamkulu wa mzinda, yemwe, malinga ndi udindo wake, ankavala chipewa chachikulu cha katatu), yemwe ankafuna kuti abwererenso) . Chiwembu chomwecho chinapanga maziko a Manuel's ballet de Falla's The Three Cornered Hat (1919).) zidakhala zolemera mosayenera kwa zisudzo zinayi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ntchito yokhayo ya Wolf ndi zisudzo zilowe mu siteji, ngakhale kuyamba kwa opera kunachitikabe mu 1896 ku Mannheim. Komabe, masiku a moyo wozindikira wa wolembayo anali atawerengeka kale.

Kwa kupitirira chaka chimodzi, Nkhandwe inagwira ntchito mokwiya, “monga injini ya nthunzi.” Mwadzidzidzi maganizo ake adasowa. Mu September 1897, abwenzi anatenga wolemba nyimboyo kuchipatala. Patapita miyezi ingapo, misala yake inabwerera kwa iye kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, koma mphamvu zake zogwira ntchito sizinalinso bwino. Kuukira kwatsopano kwamisala kunabwera mu 1898 - nthawi ino chithandizocho sichinathandize: kufa ziwalo zinagunda Wolf. Anapitirizabe kuvutika kwa zaka zoposa zinayi ndipo anamwalira pa February 22, 1903.

M. Druskin

• Ntchito ya mawu a Wolf →

Zolemba:

Nyimbo zamawu ndi piyano (zonse pafupifupi 275) "Nyimbo za Mörike" (nyimbo 53, 1888) "Nyimbo za Eichendorff" (nyimbo 20, 1880-1888) "Nyimbo za Goethe" (nyimbo 51, 1888-1889) "Buku la Nyimbo za Chisipanishi" (masewero 44, 1888-1889) ) "Buku la Nyimbo za ku Italy" (gawo loyamba - nyimbo 1, 22-1890; gawo lachiwiri - nyimbo 1891, 2) Komanso, munthu nyimbo ndakatulo Goethe, Shakespeare, Byron, Michelangelo ndi ena.

Nyimbo za Cantata “Usiku wa Khirisimasi” wa kwaya ndi oimba osakanikirana (1886-1889) The Song of the Elves (ku mawu a Shakespeare) a kwaya ya akazi ndi oimba (1889-1891) “To the Fatherland” (ku mawu a Mörike) a kwaya ya amuna ndi orchestra (1890-1898)

Ntchito zoimbira String quartet in d-moll (1879-1884) "Pentesileia", ndakatulo ya symphonic yozikidwa pa tsoka la H. Kleist (1883-1885) "Italian Serenade" ya quartet ya zingwe (1887, makonzedwe a orchestra yaying'ono - 1892)

Opera Corregidor, libretto Maireder pambuyo d'Alarcón (1895) "Manuel Venegas", libretto ndi Gurnes pambuyo d'Alarcón (1897, unfinished) Nyimbo za sewero "Phwando ku Solhaug" ndi G. Ibsen (1890-1891)