Leonid Vitalievich Sobinov |

Leonid Sobinov

Katswiri wamkulu wanyimbo waku Soviet Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev adatcha Sobinov "kasupe wa mawu aku Russia". Wolowa wake woyenera SERGEY Yakovlevich Lemeshev analemba kuti: "Tanthauzo la Sobinov kwa zisudzo Russian ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Anasintha kwambiri luso la zisudzo. Kukhulupirika ku mfundo zenizeni za zisudzo kunaphatikizidwa mwa iye ndi njira yozama ya munthu pa gawo lililonse, ndi ntchito yofufuza mosatopa. Pokonzekera ntchitoyo, adaphunzira zambiri zakuthupi - nthawi, mbiri yake, ndale, moyo wake. Nthawi zonse ankayesetsa kuti apange khalidwe lachirengedwe komanso loona, kuti afotokoze maganizo ovuta a ngwazi. “Pang’ono ndi pang’ono zinthu zauzimu zimayamba kuoneka bwino,” iye analemba motero ponena za ntchito yake pa ntchitoyo, “mwadala mumatchula mawuwo mosiyana.” Ngati mabasi, ndi kubwera kwa Chaliapin pa siteji, anazindikira kuti sakanatha kuyimba momwe iwo ankayimbira kale, ndiye oimba nyimbo anamvetsa chimodzimodzi ndi kubwera kwa Sobinov.

Leonid Vitalyevich Sobinov anabadwira ku Yaroslavl pa June 7, 1872. Agogo aamuna ndi abambo a Leonid ankatumikira ndi wamalonda Poletaev, ankanyamula ufa kuzungulira chigawochi, ndipo njondazo zinkalipidwa. Chilengedwe chimene Sobinov ankakhala ndi anakulira sanali kukonda kukula kwa mawu ake. Bambowo anali wouma mtima komanso wosagwirizana ndi luso lililonse, koma mayiyo ankaimba bwino kwambiri nyimbo za makolo awo ndipo ankaphunzitsa mwana wawo kuimba.

Lenya anakhala ubwana ndi unyamata ku Yaroslavl, kumene anamaliza sukulu ya sekondale. Sobinov mwiniwakeyo pambuyo pake adanena mu imodzi mwa makalata ake:

“Chaka chatha, nditamaliza maphunziro anga mu 1889/90, ndinapeza tenola, yomwe ndinayamba nayo kuyimba limodzi ndi kwaya ya maphunziro a zaumulungu.

Ndinamaliza kusekondale. Ndili ku yunivesite. Apanso ndinakopeka mwachibadwa ku mabwalo kumene ankaimba ... Ndinakumana ndi kampani yoteroyo, ndinali pa ntchito usiku tikiti ku bwalo la zisudzo.

… Anzanga aku Ukraine anapita ku kwaya ndikundikoka. Backstage nthawi zonse inali malo opatulika kwa ine, motero ndinadzipereka kotheratu ku ntchito yatsopano. Yunivesite yapita patsogolo. Inde, kukhala kwanga m’kwaya kunalibe tanthauzo lalikulu la nyimbo, koma chikondi changa pabwalo chinasonyezedwa bwino lomwe. M’njira, ndinaimbanso m’kwaya ya ophunzira auzimu, imene chaka chino inakhazikitsidwa ku yunivesite, ndi m’gulu lachipembedzo. Kenako ndidachita nawo makwaya onse awiri zaka zinayi ndili ku yunivesite ... lingaliro loti ndiphunzire kuyimba lidabwera m'maganizo mwanga mopitilira muyeso, koma kunalibe ndalama, ndipo kangapo ndidadutsa Nikitskaya, panja. njira yopita ku yunivesite , kudutsa Sukulu ya Philharmonic ndi lingaliro lachinsinsi, koma ngati simungalowe ndikufunsa kuti muphunzitsidwe. Fate anandimwetulira. M'modzi mwa makonsati ophunzira PA Shostakovsky anakumana ndi ophunzira angapo, kuphatikizapo ine, anatipempha kutenga nawo mbali mu kwaya ya sukulu, kumene Mascagni a Rural Honor ndiye anakonzekera mayeso ... ndipo ndithudi, mu 1892/93 chaka ndinalandiridwa monga wophunzira waulere m'kalasi ya Dodonov. Ndinayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri ndipo ndinapezeka pa maphunziro onse ofunikira. Kumayambiriro kwa masika kunali mayeso oyambirira, ndipo ndinasamutsidwa mwamsanga ku chaka chachitatu, kuyika 3 4/1 kwa aria ena akale. Mu 2/1893, bungwe la Philharmonic Society, pakati pa ena mwa otsogolera ake, linayambitsa zisudzo za ku Italy ... Gululi linkaganiza zopangira ana asukulu zinthu zonga masitepe akusukulu, ndipo ophunzirawo adachita mbali zosafunika kwenikweni. Ndinalinso m'gulu la ochita zisudzo ... Ndinayimba tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, koma pakati pa nyengo ndinali nditapatsidwa kale Harlequin ku Pagliacci. Choncho chaka china chinadutsa. Ndinali kale m’chaka cha 94 ku yunivesite.

Nyengo inatha, ndipo ndinayenera kuyamba kukonzekera mayeso a boma ndi mphamvu zowirikiza katatu. Kuimba kunaiwalika… Mu 1894 ndinamaliza maphunziro anga ku yunivesite. Ntchito ina ya usilikali ikubwera ... Ntchito ya usilikali inatha mu 1895. Ndine kale lieutenant wachiwiri m'malo osungiramo katundu, yemwe ndinalandiridwa mu bar ya Moscow, wodzipereka kwathunthu ku nkhani yatsopano, yochititsa chidwi, yomwe, zimawoneka, moyo unagona, kuyesetsa nthawi zonse. pagulu, chifukwa cha chilungamo ndi chitetezo cha olakwiridwa.

Kuyimbako kunazimiririka kumbuyo. Zakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri ... ku Philharmonic, ndidapita kumaphunziro oimba komanso makalasi oimba ...

Chaka cha 1896 chinatha ndi kufufuza kwapoyera kumene ndinaimba sewero la The Mermaid ndi sewero la Martha pa siteji ya Maly Theatre. Pamodzi ndi izi, panali zoimbaimba zachifundo zopanda malire, maulendo opita kumizinda, awiri kutenga nawo mbali m'makonsati a ophunzira, kumene ndinakumana ndi ojambula ochokera ku zisudzo za boma, omwe anandifunsa mozama ngati ndikuganiza zopita pa siteji. Zokambirana zonsezi zinachititsa manyazi moyo wanga, koma wonyengerera wamkulu anali Santagano-Gorchakova. Chaka chotsatira, chomwe ndinakhala mofanana ndi chaka chapitacho, ndinali kale ndikuimba pa kosi yomaliza, yachisanu. Pamayeso, ndidaimba nyimbo yomaliza kuchokera ku The Favorite ndi sewero la Romeo. Wotsogolera BT Altani, yemwe ananena kuti Gorchakova andibweretsere ku Bolshoi Theatre kuti ndikakhale nawo kafukufuku. Gorchakova anatha kupeza mawu anga aulemu kuti ndipite. Komabe, pa tsiku loyamba la mlanduwo, sindinaike moyo pachiswe, ndipo pamene Gorchakova anandichitira manyazi m’pamene ndinaonekeranso tsiku lachiŵiri. Chiyesocho chinapambana. Anapereka kachiwiri - kachiwiri bwino. Nthawi yomweyo adapereka kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, ndipo mu Epulo 5 ndidayamba kuwonekera ku Synodal mu opera ya The Demon ... "

Kupambana kwa woimbayo kunaposa zonse zomwe amayembekezera. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa opera, omvera anawomba m'manja mwachidwi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo "Kusandulika Nkhokwe" inayenera kubwerezedwanso. Wotsutsa nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Moscow SN Kruglikov adayankha momveka bwino kuti: "Mawu a woimbayo, otchuka kwambiri m'maholo owonetserako konsati ... sanangokhala oyenerera holo yaikulu ya Bolshoi Theatre, koma inachititsa chidwi kwambiri. Apo. Izi ndi zomwe zikutanthawuza kukhala ndi zitsulo mu timbre: katundu wa phokoso nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo mwa mphamvu zake zenizeni.

Sobinov mwamsanga anagonjetsa dziko lonse luso. Mawu ake okopa adaphatikizidwa ndi kukhalapo kosangalatsa kwa siteji. Chipambano chofanana chinali machitidwe ake kunyumba ndi kunja.

Pambuyo pa nyengo zingapo ku Bolshoi Theatre, Sobinov akupita ku Italy ku malo otchuka kwambiri a La Scala ku Milan. Anayimba m'magulu awiri - "Don Pasquale" ndi Donizetti ndi "Fra Diavolo" ndi Auber. Ngakhale maphwando osiyanasiyana, Sobinov anachita nawo ntchito yabwino.

"Tenor Sobinov," wolemba ndemanga wina, "ndi vumbulutso. Mawu ake ndi agolide basi, odzaza ndi zitsulo ndipo nthawi yomweyo ofewa, osisita, olemera mumitundu, okoma ndi chikondi. Uyu ndi woyimba woyenerera mtundu wanyimbo zomwe amaimba…malinga ndi miyambo yodziwika bwino yaukadaulo, miyambo yochepa kwambiri ya akatswiri amakono."

Nyuzipepala ina ya ku Italy inalemba kuti: “Anaimba mwachisomo, mwachikondi, momasuka, zimene kuyambira pachiwonetsero choyamba zinam’pangitsa kukondedwa ndi anthu onse. Ali ndi liwu la timbre yoyera kwambiri, ngakhale, akumira kwambiri mu moyo, liwu losowa komanso lamtengo wapatali, lomwe amayendetsa ndi luso losowa, luntha ndi kukoma.

Atachitanso ku Monte Carlo ndi Berlin, Sobinov abwerera ku Moscow, komwe amasewera gawo la de Grieux kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndipo kutsutsidwa kwa Russia kumavomereza mwachidwi chithunzi chatsopanochi chomwe chinapangidwa ndi iye.

Wojambula wotchuka Munt, wophunzira mnzake wa woimbayo, analemba kuti:

“Wokondedwa Lenya, ukudziwa kuti sindinakutame pachabe; m'malo mwake, iye wakhala akuletsa kwambiri kuposa kufunikira; koma tsopano sichikulongosola ngakhale theka la momwe munandikondera dzulo… Inde, mukufotokoza kuzunzika kwa chikondi modabwitsa, woyimba wokondedwa wachikondi, mbale weniweni wa Lensky wa Pushkin!…

Sindikunena zonsezi ngakhale ngati bwenzi lanu, koma monga wojambula, ndipo ndikukuweruzani pamalingaliro okhwima, osati a opera, osati sewero, koma luso lalikulu. Ndine wokondwa kuti ndidawona kuti sindiwe woyimba mwapadera, woyimba kwambiri, komanso wosewera waluso kwambiri ... "

Ndipo kale mu 1907, wotsutsa ND Kashkin anati: "Zaka khumi za ntchito ya siteji sizinapite pachabe kwa Sobinov, ndipo tsopano ndi katswiri wokhwima mu luso lake, zikuwoneka kuti wathyoledwa ndi mitundu yonse ya njira zachizolowezi. ndipo amawona mbali zake ndi ntchito zake ngati wojambula woganiza komanso waluso. "

Kutsimikizira mawu otsutsa, kumayambiriro kwa 1908 Sobinov apindula kwambiri pa ulendo ku Spain. Pambuyo pa ntchito ya Arias mu zisudzo "Manon", "Pearl Seekers" ndi "Mephistopheles", osati omvera okha, komanso ogwira ntchito pa siteji amamupatsa chidwi pambuyo pa zisudzo.

Woimba wotchuka EK Katulskaya akukumbukira kuti:

"Leonid Vitalievich Sobinov, pokhala mnzanga pa siteji ya opera kwa zaka zambiri, anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha ntchito yanga ... msonkhano wathu woyamba unali pa siteji ya Mariinsky Theatre mu 1911 - mu nyengo yachiwiri ya ntchito yanga mu zisudzo.

Kupanga kwatsopano kwa opera Orpheus, mwaluso waluso wanyimbo ndi wodabwitsa wa Gluck, anali kukonzedwa, ndi LV Sobinov mu gawo lamutu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa siteji ya zisudzo ku Russia, gawo la Orpheus anaikizidwa tenor. M'mbuyomu, gawoli linkachitidwa ndi contralto kapena mezzo-soprano. Ndidachita gawo la Cupid mu opera iyi…

Pa December 21, 1911, masewero a opera Orpheus unachitika pa Mariinsky Theatre mu kupanga chidwi Meyerhold ndi Fokine. Sobinov adapanga chithunzi chapadera - chowuziridwa ndi ndakatulo - cha Orpheus. Mawu ake akumvekabe m’chikumbukiro changa. Sobinov ankadziwa kupereka recitative melodiousness wapadera ndi zokongoletsa chithumwa. Chosaiwalika ndikumva chisoni chachikulu chofotokozedwa ndi Sobinov mu aria wotchuka "Ndinataya Eurydice" ...

Zimandivuta kukumbukira sewero limene, monga Orpheus pa Mariinsky Stage, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambulajambula idzaphatikizidwa: nyimbo, sewero, kujambula, zojambulajambula ndi nyimbo zodabwitsa za Sobinov. Ndikufuna kutchula gawo limodzi lokha kuchokera ku ndemanga zambiri za nyuzipepala ya likulu la sewero la "Orpheus": "Bambo. Sobinov anachita udindo udindo, kupanga chifaniziro wokongola mawu a chosema ndi kukongola mu udindo wa Orpheus. Chifukwa choimba mochokera pansi pa mtima, momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino, a Sobinov anapereka chisangalalo chokwanira. Tenor yake yowoneka bwino idamveka bwino kwambiri nthawi ino. Sobinov akhoza kunena bwinobwino kuti: "Orpheus ndi ine!"

Pambuyo pa 1915, woimbayo sanapange mgwirizano watsopano ndi zisudzo zachifumu, koma adachita ku St. Petersburg People's House ndi ku Moscow ku SI Zimin. Pambuyo pa February Revolution, Leonid Vitalievich akubwerera ku Bolshoi Theatre ndikukhala mtsogoleri wake waluso. Pa Marichi XNUMX, pakutsegulira kwakukulu kwa zisudzo, Sobinov, polankhula ndi omvera pa siteji, adati: "Lero ndi tsiku losangalatsa kwambiri m'moyo wanga. Ndimalankhula m'dzina langa komanso m'dzina la anzanga onse a zisudzo, monga woyimira zaluso zaulere. Pansi ndi maunyolo, pansi ndi opondereza! Ngati luso lakale, ngakhale maunyolo, adatumikira ufulu, omenyera olimbikitsa, ndiye kuyambira tsopano, ndikukhulupirira, luso ndi ufulu zidzagwirizana.

Pambuyo pa October Revolution woimbayo anapereka yankho loipa kwa maganizo onse kusamuka kunja. Anasankhidwa kukhala manejala, ndipo kenako Commissioner wa Bolshoi Theatre ku Moscow. Koma Sobinova amakopeka ndi kuimba. Amayimba m'dziko lonselo: Sverdlovsk, Perm, Kyiv, Kharkov, Tbilisi, Baku, Tashkent, Yaroslavl. Amapitanso kunja - ku Paris, Berlin, mizinda ya Poland, mayiko a Baltic. Ngakhale kuti wojambulayo akuyandikira kubadwa kwake kwa makumi asanu ndi limodzi, akupezanso bwino kwambiri.

Lipoti lina la ku Paris linalemba kuti: “Sobinov yense wakaleyo anadutsa pamaso pa omvera a holo imene munali anthu ambiri ku Gaveau. - Sobinov opera arias, Sobinov romances ndi Tchaikovsky, Sobinov Italy nyimbo - chirichonse chinali chitaphimbidwa ndi phokoso m'manja ... Sikoyenera kufalitsa za luso lake: aliyense amadziwa. Aliyense amene anamumvapo amakumbukira mawu ake… Mawu ake ndi omveka ngati mwala wa krustalo, “zili ngati ngale zikutsanuliridwa m’mbale yasiliva.” Iwo anamvetsera kwa iye ndi mtima ... woimbayo anali wowolowa manja, koma omvera anali osakhutitsidwa: iye anakhala chete pamene magetsi anazima.

Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, pa pempho la KS Stanislavsky anakhala wothandizira wake mu kasamalidwe latsopano zisudzo nyimbo.

Mu 1934, woimbayo anapita kunja kukakonza thanzi lake. Atamaliza ulendo wake wopita ku Ulaya, Sobinov anaima ku Riga, kumene anamwalira usiku wa October 13-14.

"Pokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino a woimba, woimba komanso wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso chithumwa chapadera, komanso chisomo chapadera, chosamvetsetseka cha "Sobinov", Leonid Vitalyevich Sobinov adapanga zithunzi zomwe zinali zaluso kwambiri pamasewero a opera, analemba EK Katulskaya. - ndakatulo yake Lensky ("Eugene Onegin") anakhala chithunzi tingachipeze powerenga kwa oimba wotsatira wa gawo ili; nthano yake mfumu Berendey ("The Snow Maiden"), Bayan ("Ruslan ndi Lyudmila"), Vladimir Igorevich ("Prince Igor"), wokondwa chisomo cavalier de Grieux ("Manon"), moto Levko ("May Night" ), zithunzi zowoneka bwino - Vladimir ("Dubrovsky"), Faust ("Faust"), Sinodal ("Chiwanda"), Duke ("Rigoletto"), Yontek ("Pebble"), Prince ("Mermaid"), Gerald (" Lakme”), Alfreda (La Traviata), Romeo (Romeo ndi Juliet), Rudolph (La Boheme), Nadir (Ofuna Pearl) ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri pa luso la zisudzo.”

Sobinov nthawi zambiri anali munthu waluso kwambiri, wokonda kukambirana komanso wowolowa manja komanso wachifundo. Wolemba Korney Chukovsky akukumbukira kuti:

“Kuwolowa manja kwake kunali kodabwitsa. Nthawi ina adatumiza piyano ngati mphatso ku Sukulu ya Kyiv ya Akhungu, monga momwe ena amatumizira maluwa kapena bokosi la chokoleti. Ndi makonsati ake, anapereka ma ruble 45 agolide ku Mutual Aid Fund ya Moscow Students. Anapereka mokondwera, mwachikondi, mwachikondi, ndipo izi zinali zogwirizana ndi umunthu wake wonse wolenga: sakanakhala wojambula wamkulu yemwe anabweretsa chisangalalo chochuluka kwa aliyense wa ife ngati akanapanda chifundo chotere kwa anthu. Apa munthu amamva chikondi chosefukira cha moyo chomwe ntchito yake yonse idakhutitsidwa.

Maonekedwe a luso lake anali olemekezeka kwambiri chifukwa iye mwini anali wolemekezeka. Mopanda machenjerero aluso akadatha kupanga mwa iyemwini mawu owona mtima mochititsa chidwi ngati iyeyo analibe kuona mtima kumeneku. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti Lensky analengedwa ndi iye, chifukwa iye mwiniyo anali wotero: wosasamala, wachikondi, wosavuta, wokhulupirira. Ndicho chifukwa chake atangowonekera pa siteji ndikulankhula mawu oyambirira a nyimbo, omvera nthawi yomweyo anayamba kumukonda - osati masewera ake okha, m'mawu ake, koma mwa iyemwini.