Vibraphone: ndi chiyani, kapangidwe, mbiri, kusiyana kwa xylophone

Vibraphone ndi chida choyimba chomwe chakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za jazi ku United States.

Kodi vibraphone ndi chiyani

Gulu - metallophone. Dzina lakuti glockenspiel limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyimba zitsulo zokhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

Kunja, chidacho chikufanana ndi chida cha kiyibodi, ngati piyano ndi pianoforte. Koma samasewera ndi zala, koma ndi nyundo zapadera.

Vibraphone nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo za jazi. Mu nyimbo zachikale, imakhala yachiwiri pakati pa zida zoimbira zodziwika bwino za kiyibodi.

Kupanga zida

Mamangidwe a thupi ndi ofanana ndi xylophone, koma ali ndi kusiyana. Kusiyana kwagona pa kiyibodi. Makiyi ali pa mbale yapadera yokhala ndi mawilo pansi. Galimoto yamagetsi imayankha makiyi ndikuyambitsa masamba, zomwe zimakhudza phokoso logwedezeka. Kugwedezeka kumapangidwa ndi ma tubular resonator omwe amalumikizana.

Chidacho chili ndi damper. Mbaliyi idapangidwa kuti imveke komanso kufewetsa mawu omwe akuseweredwa. Damper imayendetsedwa ndi pedal yomwe ili pansi pa vibraphone.

Kiyibodi ya metallophone imapangidwa ndi aluminiyumu. Mabowo amadulidwa kutalika konse kwa makiyi mpaka kumapeto.

Phokosolo limapangidwa ndi kuwomba kwa nyundo pa makiyi. Chiwerengero cha nyundo ndi 2-6. Amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi kuuma. Chodziwika kwambiri mutu wozungulira mawonekedwe. Pamene nyundo yolemera kwambiri, nyimboyo idzamveka mokweza kwambiri.

Kusintha kwanthawi zonse kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwa ma octave atatu, kuyambira F mpaka pakati C. Mitundu ya ma octave anayi ndiyofalanso. Mosiyana ndi xylophone, vibraphone si chida chosinthira. M'zaka za m'ma 30 zazaka zapitazi, opanga amapanga soprano metallophones. Mtundu wa soprano ndi C4-C7. Chitsanzo cha "Deagan 144" chinachepetsedwa, makatoni wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati resonator.

Poyamba, oimba ankaimba vibraphone ataima. Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, ma vibraphonists ena adayamba kusewera atakhala, kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mapazi onse pamapazi. Kuphatikiza pa damper pedal, ma pedals omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagitala amagetsi ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mbiri ya vibraphone

Chida choyamba choyimba chotchedwa "Vibraphone" chinagulitsidwa ku 1921. Kutulutsidwa kunayendetsedwa ndi kampani ya ku America ya Leedy Manufacturing. Mtundu woyamba wa metallophone unali ndi zosiyana zambiri zazing'ono kuchokera ku zitsanzo zamakono. Pofika mu 1924, chidacho chinali chofala kwambiri. Kutchuka kunayendetsedwa ndi nyimbo za "Gypsy Love Song" ndi "Aloha Oe" za wojambula wa pop Luis Frank Chia.

Kutchuka kwa chida chatsopanocho kunapangitsa kuti mu 1927 JC Deagan Inc asankhe kupanga metallophone yofanana. Mainjiniya a Deagan sanatsatire kwathunthu kapangidwe ka mpikisano. M'malo mwake, kukonzanso kwakukulu kwapangidwe kunayambitsidwa. Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu m'malo mwa chitsulo monga zinthu zazikuluzikulu zidakweza mawu. Kukonza kwakhala kosavuta. Chopondapo chopondapo chinayikidwa m'munsi. Baibulo la Deagan linalambalala mwamsanga n’kulowetsa m’malo mwake.

Mu 1937, kusinthidwa kwina kunachitika. Mtundu watsopano wa "Imperial" unali ndi ma octave awiri ndi theka. Zitsanzo zina zinalandira chithandizo chamagetsi otulutsa magetsi.

Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha, vibraphone inafalikira ku Ulaya ndi ku Japan.

Udindo mu nyimbo

Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, vibraphone yakhala gawo lofunikira la nyimbo za jazi. Mu 1931 katswiri woimba nyimbo, Lionel Hampton, adalemba nyimbo ya "Les Hite Band". Amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndiye situdiyo yoyamba kujambula ndi vibraphone. Pambuyo pake Hampton adakhala membala wa Goodman Jazz Quartet, komwe adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito glockenspiel yatsopano.

Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Austria Alban Berg anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito vibraphone mu nyimbo za orchestra. Mu 1937, Berg anachita opera Lulu. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku France Olivier Messiaen anapereka nyimbo zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito metallophone. Zina mwa ntchito za Messiaen ndi Tuarangalila, Kusandulika kwa Yesu Khristu, Francis Woyera waku Assisi.

Wolemba waku Russia Igor Stravinsky analemba "Requiem Canticles". Kupanga mawonekedwe pogwiritsa ntchito vibraphone kwambiri.

M'zaka za m'ma 1960, katswiri wa vibraphonist Gary Burton adadziwika. Woyimbayo adadzisiyanitsa ndi luso lopanga mawu. Gary adapanga njira yosewera ndi ndodo zinayi nthawi imodzi, 2 pamanja. Njira yatsopanoyi idapangitsa kuti azisewera nyimbo zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana. Njirayi yasintha mawonekedwe a chida ngati chochepa.

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

Vibraphone yosinthidwa kuchokera ku Deagan mu 1928 inali ndi dzina lovomerezeka "vibra-harp". Dzinali linachokera ku makiyi opangidwa molunjika, omwe anapangitsa kuti chidacho chifanane ndi zeze.

Nyimbo ya Soviet "Moscow Evenings" inalembedwa ndi vibraphone. Chiyambi cha nyimboyi chinachitika mu filimu "M'masiku a Spartakkiad" mu 1955. Chochititsa chidwi: filimuyo sinadziwike, koma nyimboyo inatchuka kwambiri. Zolembazo zidadziwika bwino pambuyo poyambira kuwulutsa pawailesi.

Wolemba nyimbo Bernard Herrmann adagwiritsa ntchito vibraphone m'mawu amafilimu ambiri. Zina mwa ntchito zake ndi zojambula "451 madigiri Fahrenheit" ndi zosangalatsa za Alfred Hitchcock.