Mbiri ya trombone

chidacho - chida choimbira champhepo. Amadziwika ku Europe kuyambira zaka za m'ma 15, ngakhale kale mipope ingapo yopangidwa ndi zitsulo komanso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika komanso owongoka, kwenikweni anali makolo akutali a trombone. Mwachitsanzo, lipenga la ku Asuri, mapaipi akuluakulu ndi ang’onoang’ono opangidwa ndi bronze, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito poimbira m’mabwalo amilandu komanso m’magulu ankhondo ku China. Mu chikhalidwe chakale, wotsogolera chida amapezekanso. Ku Greece wakale, salpinx, lipenga lachitsulo chowongoka; ku Roma, tuba directa, lipenga lopatulika lokhala ndi phokoso lochepa. Pakufukula kwa Pompeii (malinga ndi mbiri yakale, mzinda wakale wachi Greek udatha kukhalapo pansi pa phulusa la Vesuvius mu 79 BC), zida zingapo zamkuwa zofanana ndi trombone zidapezeka, mwachiwonekere zinali mapaipi "aakulu" omwe anali. m’mabokosi, anali ndi zotsekera pakamwa zagolide ndipo ankakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Trombone amatanthauza "lipenga lalikulu" mu Chitaliyana.

Chitoliro cha rocker (sakbut) ndiye kholo lakale la trombone. Mwa kusuntha chitolirocho m’mbuyo ndi m’mbuyo, wosewerayo amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu chipangizocho, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azitha kutulutsa mawu otchedwa chromatic scale. Kulira kwa timbre kunali kofanana ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu a munthu, motero mapaipi ameneŵa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’kwaya ya tchalitchi kuti amveketse bwino ndi kutchula mawu apansi.Chiyambireni, mawonekedwe a trombone sanasinthe kwambiri. Sakbut (makamaka trombone) inali yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa chida chamakono, chokhala ndi mawu omvera osiyanasiyana (bass, tenor, soprano, alto). Chifukwa cha kumveka kwake, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'magulu oimba. Pamene ma sacbut anawongoleredwa ndi kuwongoleredwa, izi zinapereka chilimbikitso ku kutuluka kwa trombone yamakono (kuchokera ku liwu la Chitaliyana lakuti “Trombone” lotembenuzidwa “chitoliro chachikulu”) chodziŵika kwa ife.

Mitundu ya trombones

Oimba makamaka anali ndi mitundu itatu ya trombones: alto, tenor, bass. Polira, nyanga yakuda, yachisoni ndi yachisoni inapezedwa panthawi imodzimodziyo, izi zinayambitsa kugwirizana ndi mphamvu yauzimu, yamphamvu, chinali chizoloŵezi kuwagwiritsa ntchito m'zochitika zophiphiritsira za sewero la opera. Trombone inali yotchuka ndi Mozart, Beethoven, Gluck, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Berlioz. Zinafala kwambiri chifukwa cha magulu ambiri oimba ndi oimba a zida zoimbira, zomwe zinkachitika ku Ulaya ndi ku America.

Nyengo yachikondi idakokera chidwi cha kuthekera kopambana kwa trombone ndi olemba ambiri. Iwo adanena za chidacho kuti chinapatsidwa mphamvu, chomveka, chomveka bwino, chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'masewero akuluakulu a nyimbo. Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19, kuimba kwa munthu payekha motsagana ndi trombone kunadziwika (oimba nyimbo za trombonist F. Belke, K. Queiser, M. Nabih, A. Dieppo, F. Cioffi). Zolemba zambiri zamakonsati ndi ntchito za olemba zikupangidwa.

Masiku ano, pali chidwi chatsopano pa sacbuts (trombone yakale) ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana yomwe inali yotchuka kalekale.