Mphamvu |

VIRTUOSIS (Italian virtuoso, kuchokera ku Latin virtus - mphamvu, mphamvu, luso) - woimba nyimbo (komanso wojambula aliyense, wojambula, mbuye wonse), yemwe amadziwa bwino njira ya ntchito yake. M'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwa: wojambula yemwe molimba mtima (molimba mtima, molimba mtima) amagonjetsa luso. zovuta. Tanthauzo lamakono la liwu lakuti “B.” anapeza kokha m’zaka za zana la 18. M’zaka za zana la 17 ku Italy, V. anatchedwa katswiri waluso kapena wasayansi; kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lomwelo, katswiri woimba, mosiyana ndi wosaphunzira; pambuyo pake, woimba nyimbo, mosiyana ndi woipeka. Komabe, monga lamulo, m'zaka za m'ma 17 ndi 18, ndipo mwina m'zaka za zana la 19. Olemba akuluakulu anali panthawi imodzimodziyo olemba nyimbo (JS Bach, GF Handel, D. Scarlatti, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Liszt, ndi ena).

Malingaliro a woimbayo-V. zolumikizidwa mosagwirizana ndi kudzoza kwaluso komwe kumakopa omvera komanso kumathandizira kutanthauzira kochititsa chidwi kwa ntchitozo. Mwa izi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. ukoma, ndi luso la krom. kufunika kwa nyimbo ndi machitidwe kumabwerera kumbuyo ndipo ngakhale kudzipereka luso. luso lamasewera. Ukoma unakula molingana ndi ukoma. Mu zaka 17-18. inapeza mawu omveka bwino m'Chitaliyana. opera (oimba castrati). M'zaka za zana la 19, zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha chikondi. art-va, virtuoso idzachita. umisiri wafika pachimake; kutanthauza nthawi yomweyo. malo mu nyimbo virtuosity adatenganso moyo wake, zotsatira salon-virtuoso malangizo. Panthawiyo zinadziwonetsera makamaka m'chigawo cha FP. ntchito. Executable mankhwala zambiri unceremoniously anasintha, kupotozedwa, okonzeka ndi ndime zochititsa chidwi kuti analola woimba limba kusonyeza Phunzirani zala zake, mabingu tremolos, bravura octaves, etc. Panali ngakhale wapadera muses. zolemba - masewero a salon-virtuoso, opanda phindu mu zaluso. ulemu, womwe umangofuna kuwonetsa njira yosewera ya woimbayo yemwe amapanga zidutswazi ("Sea Battle", "Battle of Jemappe", "The Devastation of Moscow" by Steibelt, "The Crazy" Kalkbrenner, "The Lion Awakening" ndi An. Kontsky, "Butterflies" ndi zolembedwa ndi Rosenthal ndi zina).

Chisonkhezero choipitsa cha khalidwe labwino pa zokonda za anthu chinadzutsa mwachibadwa. mkwiyo ndi zionetsero zakuthwa kuchokera kwa oimba nyimbo zazikulu (ETA Hoffmann, R. Schumann, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, VF Odoevsky, AN Serov), zinayambitsa malingaliro osakhulupirira ku ukoma motere: adagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti V. m'zodabwitsa. kupanga, kutanthauzira ngati chidzudzulo. Pokhudzana ndi ojambula akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "V." kokha molumikizana ndi epithet "choonadi".

Zitsanzo zachikale za ukoma weniweni - masewera a N. Paganini, F. Liszt (pa nthawi ya kukhwima); ambiri ochita bwino a nthawi yotsatira ayeneranso kuzindikiridwa ngati owona V.

Zothandizira: Hoffmann ETA, Ma Trios Awiri a pianoforte, violin ndi cello op. 70, lolembedwa ndi L. van Beethoven. Review, «Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung», 1812/1813, то же, в кн.: Е.Т.A. Zolemba za nyimbo za Hoffmann, Tl 3, Regensburg, 1921; Wagner R., The Virtuoso and the Artist, Collected Writings, Vol. 7, Lpz., 1914, masamba 63-76; Weissmann A., The Virtuoso, В., 1918; Вlaukopf К., great virtuosos, W., 1954,2 1957; Pincherle M., Le monde des virtuoses, P., 1961.

GM Kogan