Vladimir Ashkenazy (Vladimir Ashkenazy) |

Vladimir Ashkenazy

Kwa zaka makumi asanu zabwino, Vladimir Ashkenazy wakhala mmodzi mwa oimba piyano otchuka kwambiri m'badwo wake. Kukwera kwake kunali kofulumira, ngakhale kuti sikunali kopanda zovuta: panali nthawi zokayikitsa za kulenga, kupambana mosinthana ndi zolephera. Ndipo komabe ndizowona: kumbuyo koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 60, owunikira adayandikira kuwunika kwa luso lake ndi zofunikira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyerekeza ndi anzawo odziwika komanso olemekezeka kwambiri. Chotero, m’magazini ya “Soviet Music” munthu angaŵerenge malongosoledwe otsatirawa a kumasulira kwake kwa “Zithunzi pa Chiwonetsero” cholembedwa ndi Mussorgsky: “Liwu louziridwa la “Zithunzi” lolembedwa ndi S. Richter nzosaiŵalika, kumasulira kwa L. Oborin n’kofunika kwambiri ndipo n’kofunika kwambiri. chidwi. V. Ashkenazy mwa njira yake amawulula kupangidwa mwanzeru, kuyimba ndi kudziletsa kolemekezeka, kutanthawuza ndi kutsiriza kwa filigree mwatsatanetsatane. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu, mgwirizano ndi kukhulupirika kwa lingalirolo zinasungidwa.

Pamasamba atsambali, mipikisano yosiyanasiyana yanyimbo imatchulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Tsoka, ndizachilengedwe - kaya timakonda kapena ayi - kuti akhala chida chachikulu cholimbikitsira talente masiku ano, ndipo, kwenikweni, adawonetsa akatswiri ambiri otchuka. The kulenga tsogolo la Ashkenazi ndi khalidwe ndi chidwi pankhaniyi: anatha bwinobwino kudutsa crucible atatu, mwina mpikisano wolemekezeka kwambiri ndi zovuta nthawi yathu. Pambuyo pa mphoto yachiwiri ku Warsaw (1955), adapambana mphoto zapamwamba kwambiri pa mpikisano wa Mfumukazi Elisabeth ku Brussels (1956) ndi mpikisano wa PI Tchaikovsky ku Moscow (1962).

Talente yodabwitsa ya nyimbo ya Ashkenazi idadziwonetsera koyambirira kwambiri, ndipo mwachiwonekere idalumikizidwa ndi miyambo yabanja. Bambo ake a Vladimir ndi woyimba piyano wa pop David Ashkenazi, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri mpaka pano ku USSR, yemwe ndi katswiri wamaphunziro ake, yemwe ukoma wake wakhala ukuchititsa chidwi. Kukonzekera kwabwino kunawonjezeredwa ku cholowa, choyamba Vladimir anaphunzira ku Central Music School ndi mphunzitsi Anaila Sumbatyan, ndiyeno ku Moscow Conservatory ndi Pulofesa Lev Oborin. Ngati tikumbukira zovuta ndi wolemera pulogalamu iliyonse ya mpikisano atatu amene anayenera kuchita, zikuonekeratu kuti pamene anamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, woyimba piyano anali katswiri kwambiri ndi zosiyanasiyana repertoire. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anasiyanitsidwa ndi universalism kuchita zilakolako (omwe si osowa). Mulimonsemo, nyimbo za Chopin zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mawu a Prokofiev a sonatas. Ndipo m'matanthauzidwe aliwonse, makhalidwe a woyimba piyano nthawi zonse amawonekera: kufulumira kuphulika, mpumulo ndi kusinthasintha kwa mawu, kumveka bwino kwa mtundu womveka, kukwanitsa kusunga mphamvu zachitukuko, kusuntha kwa malingaliro.

Zachidziwikire, zida zaukadaulo zabwino kwambiri zidawonjezedwa pazonsezi. Pansi pa zala zake, mawonekedwe a piyano nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati wandiweyani, odzaza, koma nthawi yomweyo, ma nuances ang'onoang'ono sanathe kumva. Mwachidule, pofika kumayambiriro kwa 60s anali mbuye weniweni. Ndipo zinakopa chidwi cha otsutsa. Mmodzi mwa owunikirawo adalemba kuti: "Polankhula za Ashkenazi, nthawi zambiri munthu amasilira chidziwitso chake cha virtuoso. Zoonadi, iye ndi munthu wabwino kwambiri, osati m’lingaliro lopotoka la mawu amene afala posachedwapa (kukhoza kuimba ndime zosiyanasiyana modabwitsa mofulumira), koma m’lingaliro lake lenileni. Woyimba piyano wachinyamata samangokhala ndi zala zowoneka bwino komanso zamphamvu, zophunzitsidwa bwino, amalankhula bwino pamawu osiyanasiyana komanso okongola a piyano. Kwenikweni, khalidweli limagwiranso ntchito kwa Vladimir Ashkenazi wamakono, ngakhale kuti nthawi yomweyo alibe chimodzi chokha, koma mwina chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chawonekera kwa zaka zambiri: luso, luso lokhwima. Chaka chilichonse woyimba piyano amadzipangitsa kukhala olimba mtima komanso ntchito zopanga zazikulu, akupitiliza kutanthauzira bwino za Chopin, Liszt, amasewera Beethoven ndi Schubert mochulukira, akugonjetsa ndi chiyambi ndi kukula mu ntchito za Bach ndi Mozart, Tchaikovsky ndi Rachmaninov. , Brahms ndi Ravel…

Mu 1961, atangotsala pang'ono kukumbukira mpikisano wachiwiri wa Tchaikovsky. Vladimir Ashkenazy anakumana ndi woimba piyano wachi Iceland Sophie Johannsdottir, yemwe panthawiyo anali wophunzira ku Moscow Conservatory. Posakhalitsa anakhala mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, banjali linasamukira ku England. Mu 1968, Ashkenazi adakhazikika ku Reykjavik ndipo adalandira kukhala nzika ya Iceland, ndipo patatha zaka khumi Lucerne adakhala "nyumba" yake yayikulu. Zaka zonsezi, akupitiriza kupereka ma concert mowonjezereka kwambiri, amachita ndi oimba nyimbo zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, amalemba zambiri pa zolemba - ndipo zolembazi zafala kwambiri. Pakati pawo, mwinamwake, zojambulidwa za ma concerto onse a Beethoven ndi Rachmaninov, komanso zolemba za Chopin, ndizodziwika kwambiri.

Kuyambira m'ma makumi asanu ndi awiri, anazindikira mbuye wa piyano zamakono, monga angapo a anzake, bwinobwino katswiri ntchito yachiwiri - kuchititsa. Kale mu 1981, anakhala woyamba okhazikika mlendo wochititsa London Philharmonic Orchestra, ndipo tsopano amachita pa nsanja m'mayiko ambiri. Kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1994 anali wochititsa Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, komanso ankachititsa Cleveland Symphony Orchestra, Berlin Radio Orchestra. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo zoimbaimba wa limba Ashkenazi musakhale osowa ndi kudzutsa chidwi chachikulu cha omvera monga kale.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960, Ashkenazy adajambula zambiri zamalebulo osiyanasiyana. Adachita ndikulemba ntchito zonse za limba ndi Chopin, Rachmaninov, Scriabin, Brahms, Liszt, komanso ma concerto asanu a piano a Prokofiev. Ashkenazy ndiwopambana mphoto ya Grammy kasanu ndi kawiri pa Classical Music Performance. Ena mwa oimba omwe adagwira nawo ntchito ndi Itzhak Perlman, Georg Solti. Monga wochititsa ndi oimba osiyanasiyana, iye anachita ndi kulemba symphonies onse Sibelius, Rachmaninov ndi Shostakovich.

Buku la Ashkenazi la Beyond the Frontiers linasindikizidwa mu 1985.