Vladimir Horowitz (Vladimir Horowitz) |

Vladimir Horowitz

Konsati ya Vladimir Horowitz nthawi zonse imakhala chochitika, nthawi zonse imakhala yosangalatsa. Ndipo osati tsopano, pamene zoimbaimba ake osowa kwambiri kuti aliyense akhoza kukhala otsiriza, komanso pa nthawi ya chiyambi. Izo nthawizonse zakhala mwanjira imeneyo. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika a 1922, pamene woimba piyano wamng'ono adawonekera koyamba pa Petrograd ndi Moscow. Zowona, makonsati ake oyamba m'mitu iwiri yonseyi adachitikira m'maholo opanda kanthu - dzina la woyambitsayo silinanene zambiri kwa anthu. Odziwa ndi akatswiri ochepa okha ndi omwe adamva za mnyamata wodabwitsa uyu yemwe anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Kyiv Conservatory mu 1921, kumene aphunzitsi ake anali V. Pukhalsky, S. Tarnovsky ndi F. Blumenfeld. Ndipo tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pa zisudzo zake, nyuzipepala analengeza mogwirizana Vladimir Horowitz monga akutuluka nyenyezi m'chizimezime limba.

Atapanga maulendo angapo kuzungulira dzikolo, Horowitz adanyamuka mu 1925 kuti "akagonjetse" Europe. Pano mbiri inadzibwereza yokha: pamasewero ake oyambirira m'mizinda yambiri - Berlin, Paris, Hamburg - panali omvera ochepa, chifukwa chotsatira - matikiti adatengedwa kumenyana. Zowona, izi sizinakhudze ndalama zolipirira: zinali zochepa. Chiyambi cha ulemerero waphokoso chinayikidwa - monga nthawi zambiri zimachitika - ndi ngozi yosangalatsa. Mu Hamburg yemweyo, wochita bizinesi wopanda mpweya adathamangira kuchipinda chake cha hotelo ndikudzipereka kuti alowe m'malo mwa munthu wodwala yekhayekha mu Concerto Yoyamba ya Tchaikovsky. Ndinayenera kulankhula mkati mwa theka la ola. Mopupuluma kumwa tambula ya mkaka, Horowitz anathamangira m’holoyo, kumene wotsogolera wokalamba E. Pabst anangopeza nthaŵi ya kumuuza kuti: “Yang’anira ndodo yanga, ndipo Mulungu akalola, palibe choipa chidzachitika.” Pambuyo pa mipiringidzo yowerengeka, wochititsa chidwiyo adawonera yekha kusewera kwa woyimba yekhayo, ndipo konsati itatha, omvera adagulitsa matikiti oimba yekha mu ola limodzi ndi theka. Umu ndi mmene Vladimir Horowitz analowa mwachipambano moyo nyimbo Europe. Ku Paris, atatha kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake, magazini ya Revue Musical inalemba kuti: "Nthawi zina, komabe, pali wojambula yemwe ali ndi luso lomasulira - Liszt, Rubinstein, Paderevsky, Kreisler, Casals, Cortot ... mafumu.”

Kuwomba m’manja kwatsopano kunachititsa Horowitz kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la dziko la America, kumene kunachitika kuchiyambi kwa 1928. Ataimba koyamba Tchaikovsky Concerto ndiyeno programu ya yekha, anapatsidwa, malinga ndi kunena kwa nyuzipepala ya The Times, “msonkhano wamphepo wamkuntho umene woimba piyano angaudalire. .” M'zaka zotsatira, pokhala ku US, Paris ndi Switzerland, Horowitz adayendera ndikujambula kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha makonsati ake pachaka chimafika zana, ndipo potengera kuchuluka kwa marekodi otulutsidwa, posakhalitsa amaposa oimba piyano amakono. Mbiri yake ndi yotakata komanso yosiyanasiyana; maziko ake ndi nyimbo za okondana, makamaka a Liszt ndi oimba achi Russia - Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Scriabin. Zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za Horowitz zomwe akuchita chifaniziro cha nthawi ya nkhondo isanayambe zikuwonetsedwa mu kujambula kwake kwa Liszt's Sonata mu B wamng'ono, wopangidwa mu 1932. Sichikopa kokha ndi kamvuluvulu wake waluso, mphamvu ya masewerawo, komanso ndi kuya kwa kumverera, kukula kwa Liszt, komanso mpumulo watsatanetsatane. Liszt's rhapsody, impromptu ya Schubert, concertos ya Tchaikovsky (No. 1), Brahms (No. 2), Rachmaninov (No. 3) ndi zina zambiri zimadziwika ndi zofanana. Koma pamodzi ndi ubwino wake, otsutsa amapeza kuti Horowitz amachita zinthu mwachiphamaso, chikhumbo cha zotsatira zakunja, kusokoneza omvera ndi luso lothawirako. Nali lingaliro la wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Amereka W. Thomson: “Sindikunena kuti kumasulira kwa Horowitz kwenikweni kuli konyenga ndi kosalungamitsidwa: nthaŵi zina kumakhaladi, nthaŵi zina sichoncho. Koma munthu yemwe sanamvepo ntchito zomwe adachita akhoza kunena mosavuta kuti Bach anali woimba ngati L. Stokowski, Brahms anali mtundu wa Gershwin wosasamala, wogwiritsa ntchito nightclub, ndipo Chopin anali woimba nyimbo za gypsy. Mawu awa, ndithudi, ndi ankhanza kwambiri, koma maganizo oterowo sanali okha. Horowitz nthawi zina amapereka zifukwa, kudziteteza. Iye anati: “Kuimba piyano kumakhala ndi nzeru, mtima komanso luso. Chilichonse chiyenera kupangidwa mofanana: popanda nzeru mudzatha, popanda teknoloji ndiwe amateur, opanda mtima ndiwe makina. Choncho ntchitoyi ili ndi zoopsa zambiri. Koma pamene, mu 1936, chifukwa cha opareshoni ya appendicitis ndi mavuto otsatirapo, iye anakakamizika kudodometsa ntchito yake ya konsati, mwadzidzidzi anamva kuti zambiri za zitonzozo zinalibe maziko.

Kupumako kunamukakamiza kuti adziyang'anenso mwatsopano, ngati kuchokera kunja, kuti aganizirenso za ubale wake ndi nyimbo. "Ndikuganiza kuti monga wojambula ndakula patchuthi chokakamizidwa. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndinapeza zatsopano zambiri m’nyimbo zanga,” woimba limbayo anatsindika motero. Kutsimikizika kwa mawu awa kumatsimikiziridwa mosavuta poyerekezera zolemba zomwe zidalembedwa 1936 isanachitike ndipo pambuyo pa 1939, pomwe Horowitz, pakuumirira kwa bwenzi lake Rachmaninov ndi Toscanini (amene adakwatiwa ndi mwana wake wamkazi), adabwerera ku chidacho.

Munthawi yachiwiri iyi, yokhwima kwambiri yazaka 14, Horowitz amakulitsa mtundu wake kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, iye akuchokera kumapeto kwa 40s; nthawi zonse komanso nthawi zambiri amasewera a Beethoven's sonatas ndi Schumann's cycle, miniatures ndi ntchito zazikulu za Chopin, kuyesera kupeza kutanthauzira kosiyana kwa nyimbo za olemba nyimbo; kumbali ina, imalemeretsa mapulogalamu atsopano ndi nyimbo zamakono. Makamaka, nkhondo itatha, iye anali woyamba kusewera Prokofiev wa 6, 7 ndi 8 sonatas, Kabalevsky wa 2 ndi 3 sonatas ku America, komanso ankasewera ndi nzeru zodabwitsa. Horowitz amapereka moyo kwa ena mwa ntchito za olemba American, kuphatikizapo Barber Sonata, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo zikuphatikizapo ntchito konsati ntchito Clementi ndi Czerny, amene ndiye ankaona mbali chabe ya repertoire pedagogical. Ntchito ya wojambula panthawiyo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Anthu ambiri ankaona kuti ali pachimake pa luso lake lopanga zinthu. Koma pamene "makina a konsati" aku America adamugonjetsanso, mawu akukayikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amanjenjemera, anayamba kumveka. Ena amatcha woimba piyano “wamatsenga”, “wogwira makoswe”; kachiwiri amalankhula za kulephera kwake kulenga, za kusayanjanitsika ndi nyimbo. Otsatira oyamba amawonekera pa siteji, kapenanso otsanzira a Horowitz - okonzeka mwaluso, koma opanda kanthu, "akatswiri" achichepere. Horowitz analibe ophunzira, kupatulapo ochepa: Graffman, Jainis. Ndipo, popereka maphunziro, iye analimbikitsa mosalekeza kuti “n’kwabwino kudzilakwira wekha kusiyana ndi kutengera zolakwa za ena.” Koma amene anakopera Horowitz sanafune kutsatira mfundo imeneyi: anali kubetcherana pa khadi lolondola.

Wojambulayo ankadziwa momvetsa chisoni zizindikiro za vutoli. Ndipo tsopano, atasewera mu February 1953 konsati yochititsa chidwi pa nthawi ya chikumbutso cha 25 cha kuwonekera kwake ku Carnegie Hall, adasiyanso siteji. Nthawi iyi kwa nthawi yayitali, kwa zaka 12.

Zowona, chete kungokhala chete kwa woimbayo kunatha pasanathe chaka. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono, akuyambanso kujambula makamaka kunyumba, kumene RCA yapanga situdiyo yonse. Zolemba zimatulukanso chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake - sonatas ndi Beethoven, Scriabin, Scarlatti, Clementi, Liszt's rhapsodies, ntchito za Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Rachmaninoff, Mussorgsky's Pictures pa Exhibition, zolemba zake za F. Sousa ndi Stripes "Stars" , "Ukwati wa March "Mendelssohn-Liszt, zongopeka zochokera" Carmen "... Mu 1962, wojambulayo akuswa ndi kampani ya RCA, osakhutira ndi chakuti amapereka chakudya chochepa chotsatsa malonda, ndipo akuyamba kugwirizana ndi kampani ya Columbia. Mbiri yake yatsopano iliyonse imatsimikizira kuti woyimba piyano sataya luso lake lodabwitsa, koma amakhala wotanthauzira mochenjera komanso wozama.

"Wojambulayo, yemwe amakakamizika kuyang'ana maso ndi maso nthawi zonse ndi anthu, amakhumudwa popanda kuzindikira. Iye amapereka mosalekeza popanda kubwezera. Zaka zopewa kulankhula pagulu zinandithandiza kuti ndidzipeze ndekha komanso zolinga zanga zenizeni. M'zaka zopenga zamakonsati - uko, kuno ndi kulikonse - ndidakhala dzanzi - mwauzimu komanso mwaluso," atero pambuyo pake.

Okonda wojambulayo adakhulupirira kuti adzakumana naye "maso ndi maso". Zowonadi, pa Meyi 9, 1965, Horowitz adayambanso ntchito yake yoimba nyimbo ku Carnegie Hall. Chidwi mu konsati yake sichinachitikepo, matikiti adagulitsidwa m'maola ochepa chabe. Mbali yaikulu ya omvera anali achinyamata amene anali asanamuonepo, anthu amene iye anali nthano yawo. “Anaoneka mofanana ndendende ndi pamene anawonekera komaliza kuno zaka 12 zapitazo,” anatero G. Schonberg. - Mapewa apamwamba, thupi limakhala losasunthika, limatsamira pang'ono makiyi; manja ndi zala zokha zinkagwira ntchito. Kwa achichepere ambiri mwa omvetsera, zinali ngati kuti akuimba Liszt kapena Rachmaninov, woimba piyano wodziwika aliyense amalankhula za iye koma palibe amene anamvapo.” Koma chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kusasinthika kwakunja kwa Horowitz kunali kusinthika kwamkati kwamasewera ake. "Nthawi sinayime kwa Horowitz m'zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kuyambira pomwe adawonekera komaliza," analemba motero wowunikanso wa New York Herald Tribune Alan Rich. - Kuwala kowoneka bwino kwa luso lake, mphamvu zodabwitsa komanso kulimba kwa magwiridwe antchito, zongopeka komanso utoto wokongola - zonsezi zasungidwa bwino. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe atsopano adawonekera mumasewera ake, titero. Inde, pamene anasiya siteji ya konsati ali ndi zaka 48, anali wojambula bwino kwambiri. Koma tsopano wotanthauzira mozama wabwera ku Carnegie Hall, ndipo "gawo" latsopano pamasewera ake angatchedwe kukhwima kwa nyimbo. M’zaka zingapo zapitazi, taona gulu la nyenyezi la oimba piyano achichepere akutitsimikizira kuti akhoza kuimba mofulumira ndi mwachidaliro. Ndipo ndizotheka kuti lingaliro la Horowitz kuti abwerere ku siteji ya konsati pompano idachitika chifukwa chozindikira kuti pali china chake chomwe ngakhale anzeru kwambiri mwa achinyamatawa akuyenera kukumbutsidwa. M’kati mwa konsatiyo, iye anaphunzitsa mpambo wonse wa maphunziro ofunika. Linali phunziro la kuchotsa mitundu yonjenjemera, yonyezimira; linali phunziro pa ntchito rubato ndi kukoma impeccable, makamaka anasonyeza bwino mu ntchito za Chopin, linali phunziro wanzeru kaphatikizidwe tsatanetsatane ndi lonse mu chidutswa chilichonse ndi kufika pachimake apamwamba (makamaka Schumann). Horowitz analola kuti “timve kukaikira komwe kunam’vutitsa zaka zonsezi pamene ankalingalira zobwerera ku holo ya konsati. Iye anasonyeza kuti anali ndi mphatso yamtengo wapatali.

Konsati yosaiwalikayo, yomwe idalengeza za chitsitsimutso komanso kubadwa kwatsopano kwa Horowitz, idatsatiridwa ndi zaka zinayi zoyimba payekhapayekha (Horowitz sanasewere ndi oimba kuyambira 1953). “Ndatopa ndi kusewera kutsogolo kwa maikolofoni. Ndinkafuna kusewera anthu. Ubwino waukadaulo ndiwotopetsa, "adavomereza wojambulayo. Mu 1968, adawonekeranso koyamba pawailesi yakanema mufilimu yapadera ya achinyamata, komwe adachita zamtengo wapatali zambiri za nyimbo zake. Kenako - kupuma kwatsopano kwa zaka 5, ndipo m'malo mwa zoimbaimba - zojambula zatsopano zokongola: Rachmaninoff, Scriabin, Chopin. Ndipo madzulo a kubadwa kwake kwa zaka 70, mbuye wodabwitsayo adabwereranso kwa anthu kachitatu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, sanachitepo nthawi zambiri, ndipo masana okha, koma ma concerts ake akadali osangalatsa. Makonsati onsewa amajambulidwa, ndipo zolembedwa zomwe zimatulutsidwa pambuyo pake zimatheketsa kulingalira za mtundu wodabwitsa wa piyano womwe wojambulayo wakhala akusunga pofika zaka 75, kuzama kwa luso ndi nzeru zomwe wapeza; lolani pang'ono kumvetsetsa kuti kalembedwe ka "mochedwa Horowitz" ndi chiyani. Mwa zina "chifukwa, monga otsutsa aku America akugogomezera, wojambula uyu alibe matanthauzidwe awiri ofanana. Zoonadi, kalembedwe ka Horowitz ndi kachilendo komanso kotsimikizika kotero kuti womvera aliyense wocheperako amatha kumuzindikira nthawi yomweyo. Muyeso umodzi wa kutanthauzira kwake kulikonse pa piyano ukhoza kufotokozera kalembedwe kameneka kuposa mawu aliwonse. Koma ndizosatheka, komabe, kuti tisatchule makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri - mitundu yochititsa chidwi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, luso lapamwamba la luso lake labwino, phokoso lalikulu, komanso rubato ndi zosiyana kwambiri, zotsutsana zochititsa chidwi kumanzere.

Izi ndi Horowitz lero, Horowitz, wodziwika kwa mamiliyoni a anthu kuchokera ku ma rekodi ndi masauzande ochokera ku makonsati. Sizingatheke kuneneratu zodabwitsa zina zomwe akukonzekera omvera. Msonkhano uliwonse ndi iye akadali chochitika, akadali tchuthi. Ma concerts m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya USA, yomwe wojambulayo adakondwerera zaka 50 za kuwonekera kwake ku America, adakhala maholide otere kwa omwe amamukonda. Mmodzi wa iwo, pa Januwale 8, 1978, anali wofunikira kwambiri pamene wojambulayo adaimba koyamba ndi gulu la oimba m'zaka za m'ma kotala: Concerto Yachitatu ya Rachmaninov inachitidwa, Y. Ormandy anachititsa. Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, madzulo oyambirira a Chopin a Horowitz anachitika ku Carnegie Hall, yomwe pambuyo pake inasandulika kukhala album ya zolemba zinayi. Ndiyeno - madzulo operekedwa ku tsiku lake lobadwa la 75 ... Ndipo nthawi iliyonse, potuluka pa siteji, Horowitz amatsimikizira kuti kwa Mlengi weniweni, zaka ziribe kanthu. Iye anati: “Ndikuona kuti ndidakali woimba bwino. “Ndimakhala wodekha komanso wokhwima maganizo pamene zaka zikupita. Ndikawona kuti sindingathe kusewera, sindingayerekeze kuwonekera pa siteji "...