Timadziwa mitundu itatu yaying'ono

Pazochita zanyimbo, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa izi, mitundu iwiri ndi yofala kwambiri komanso pafupifupi chilengedwe chonse: zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Choncho, zonse zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zimabwera m'mitundu itatu: zachilengedwe, zamtundu ndi zamtundu. Osachita mantha ndi izi, zonse ndi zophweka: kusiyana kuli mwatsatanetsatane (1-2 phokoso), ena onse ndi ofanana. Lero tili ndi mitundu itatu yaing'ono m'munda wathu wa masomphenya.

Mitundu itatu yaing'ono: yoyamba ndi yachilengedwe

Zachilengedwe zazing'ono - ichi ndi sikelo yophweka popanda zizindikiro zosasintha, momwe zilili. Ndi zilembo zazikulu zokha zomwe zimaganiziridwa. Sikelo ya sikeloyi ndi yofanana posuntha mmwamba ndi pansi. Palibe chowonjezera. Phokosoli ndi losavuta, lokhwima pang'ono, lachisoni.

Apa, mwachitsanzo, ndi zomwe sikelo yachilengedwe imayimira:

Mitundu itatu yaing'ono: yachiwiri ndi ya harmonic

Harmonic yaying'ono - m'menemo poyenda mmwamba ndi pansi kumawonjezeka kufika pa mlingo wachisanu ndi chiwiri (VII#). Sichimawuka mwadzidzidzi, koma pofuna kukulitsa mphamvu yokoka yake mpaka gawo loyamba (ndiko kuti, tonic).

Tiyeni tiwone masikelo a harmonic:

Zotsatira zake, gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri (loyamba) limasintha bwino komanso mwachilengedwe kukhala tonic, koma pakati pa masitepe achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri (VI ndi VII#) "dzenje" limapangidwa - nthawi ya sekondi yowonjezera (s2).

Komabe, izi zili ndi chithumwa chake: chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sekondi iyi harmonic yaing'ono imamveka ngati kalembedwe ka Chiarabu (Kum'mawa). - yokongola kwambiri, yokongola komanso yodziwika bwino (ndiko kuti, kamwana kakang'ono ka harmonic amadziwika mosavuta ndi khutu).

Mitundu itatu yaing'ono: yachitatu - nyimbo

Melodic wamng'ono ndi wamng'ono momwemo Pamene gamma ikukwera mmwamba, masitepe awiri amawonjezeka mwakamodzi - wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri (VI# ndi VII#), ndichifukwa chake pakuyenda mobwerera (kutsika), kuwonjezeka uku kumathetsedwa, ndipo zenizeni zazing'ono zachilengedwe zimaseweredwa (kapena kuyimbidwa).

Nachi chitsanzo cha melodic mawonekedwe ofanana:

N’chifukwa chiyani kunali koyenera kuonjezera milingo iwiri imeneyi? Tachita kale ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri - akufuna kukhala pafupi ndi tonic. Koma chachisanu ndi chimodzi chimakwezedwa kuti atseke "dzenje" (uv2) lomwe linapangidwa mu kachidutswa kakang'ono.

N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zofunika kwambiri? Inde, chifukwa chaching'ono ndi MELODIC, ndipo molingana ndi malamulo okhwima, kusuntha kwapakati pa MELODY ndikoletsedwa.

Kodi kuwonjezeka kwa milingo VI ndi VII kumapereka chiyani? Kumbali imodzi, pali kayendetsedwe kolunjika kwambiri ku tonic, kumbali inayo, kayendetsedwe kameneka kamakhala kofewa.

Chifukwa chiyani kuletsa kuwonjezereka uku (kusintha) mukasunthira pansi? Chilichonse chiri chophweka pano: ngati timasewera sikelo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, ndiye kuti tikabwerera ku digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri, tidzafunanso kubwerera ku tonic, ngakhale kuti izi sizili zofunikiranso (ife, tagonjetsa Kupanikizika, mwagonjetsa kale nsonga iyi (tonic) ndikupita pansi, kumene mungathe kumasuka). Ndipo chinthu chimodzi: sitiyenera kuiwala kuti tili aang'ono, ndipo atsikana awiriwa (okwera madigiri achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi achisanu ndi chiwiri) amawonjezera zosangalatsa. Kusangalala kumeneku kungakhale koyenera nthawi yoyamba, koma kachiwiri kumakhala kochuluka.

Phokoso la melodic kakang'ono imagwira ntchito molingana ndi dzina lake: inde Zimamveka mwanjira yapadera MELODIC, zofewa, zanyimbo komanso zofunda. Njirayi imapezeka nthawi zambiri muzokondana ndi nyimbo (mwachitsanzo, za chilengedwe kapena nyimbo zoyimbira).

Kubwerezabwereza ndi mayi wa kuphunzira

O, ndalemba zochuluka bwanji za mwana woyimba pano. Ndikukuuzani chinsinsi chomwe nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuthana ndi aang'ono a harmonic, kotero musaiwale za "Mbuye wachisanu ndi chiwiri" - nthawi zina amafunika "kukwera".

Tiyeni tibwereze kamodzinso mitundu itatu yaing'ono ali mu nyimbo. Ndi wamng'ono achilengedwe (zosavuta, zopanda mabelu ndi mluzu), zachuma (ndi kuchuluka kwachisanu ndi chiwiri - VII #) ndi nyimbo (momwe, mukamasunthira mmwamba, muyenera kukweza madigiri achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri - VI # ndi VII #, ndipo pamene mukuyenda pansi, ingosewera zazing'ono zachilengedwe). Nachi chojambula chokuthandizani:

TIYENERA KUONA Vidiyo IYI!

Tsopano mukudziwa malamulowo, ndikupangira kuti muwone kanema wowoneka bwino pamutuwu. Pambuyo powonera phunziro lalifupi la kanema ili, mudzaphunzira kamodzi kokha kusiyanitsa mtundu wina waung'ono ndi wina (kuphatikiza ndi khutu). Vidiyoyi ikufunsani kuti muphunzire nyimbo (mu Chiyukireniya) - ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.

Mitundu itatu yaing'ono - zitsanzo zina

Kodi zonsezi tili nazo ndi chiyani? Chani? Kodi pali matani ena? Inde ndatero. Tsopano tiyeni tione zitsanzo za chilengedwe, harmonic ndi melodic zazing'ono mu makiyi ena angapo.

- mitundu itatu: mu chitsanzo ichi, kusintha kwa masitepe kumawonetsedwa mumtundu (mogwirizana ndi malamulo) - kotero sindidzapereka ndemanga zosafunikira.

Tonality yokhala ndi zingwe ziwiri pamakiyi, mu mawonekedwe a harmonic - A-lakuthwa akuwoneka, mumtundu wa nyimbo - G-sharp amawonjezedwa kwa iyo, ndiyeno pamene sikelo ikutsika, kuwonjezereka konseko kumathetsedwa (A-bekar, G-bekar).

Chinsinsi: ili ndi zizindikiro zitatu mu kiyi - F, C ndi G lakuthwa. Mu harmonic F-lakuthwa kakang'ono, digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri (E-lakuthwa) imakwezedwa, ndipo muyeso ya melodic, madigiri achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri (D-lakuthwa ndi E-lakuthwa) amakwezedwa; ndi kutsika kwa sikelo, kusinthaku kumathetsedwa.

mu mitundu itatu. Mfungulo ili ndi zakuthwa zinayi. Mu mawonekedwe a harmonic - B-lakuthwa, mu mawonekedwe a melodic - A-lakuthwa ndi B-lakuthwa mumayendedwe okwera, ndi chilengedwe C-charp chaching'ono mu kayendetsedwe kotsika.

Tonality. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu ndi ma flats mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 4. Mu harmonic F wamng'ono digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri (E-Bekar) amaukitsidwa, mu nyimbo F zazing'ono wachisanu ndi chimodzi (D-Bekar) ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri (E-Bekar) amaukitsidwa; pamene mukuyenda pansi, zowonjezerazo, ndithudi, zathetsedwa.

Mitundu itatu. Makiyi okhala ndi ma flat atatu mu kiyi (B, E ndi A). Digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri mu mawonekedwe a harmonic ikuwonjezeka (B-bekar), mu mawonekedwe a melodic - kuwonjezera pachisanu ndi chiwiri, chachisanu ndi chimodzi (A-bekar) chikuwonjezekanso; mukuyenda pansi kwa sikelo ya mawonekedwe a melodic, kuwonjezeka uku kumathetsedwa ndi B-flat ndi A-flat, zomwe ziri mu mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe.

Chinsinsi: apa, pa kiyi, ma flats awiri aikidwa. Mu harmonic G wamng'ono pali F-lakuthwa, mu melodic - kuwonjezera F-lakuthwa, palinso E-bekar (kuwonjezera VI digiri), pamene kusuntha pansi melodic G wamng'ono - malinga ndi lamulo, zizindikiro. ang'onoang'ono achilengedwe amabwezedwa (ndiko kuti, F-bekar ndi E -flat).

mu mawonekedwe ake atatu. Zachilengedwe popanda kusintha kwina kulikonse (musaiwale chizindikiro cha B-flat pakiyi). Harmonic D yaying'ono - yokhala ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri (C chakuthwa). Melodic D yaying'ono - yokhala ndi kukwera kwa B-bekar ndi C-lakuthwa masikelo (kukweza madigiri achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri), ndikuyenda pansi - kubwerera kwa mawonekedwe achilengedwe (C-becar ndi B-flat).

Chabwino, tiyeni tiyime pamenepo. Mutha kuwonjezera tsamba lomwe lili ndi zitsanzo izi kumabukumaki anu (mwina lingakhale lothandiza). Ndikupangiranso kulembetsa zosintha patsamba latsamba polumikizana kuti mudziwe zosintha zonse ndikupeza mwachangu zomwe mukufuna.