Nikolaus Harnocourt |

Nicholas Harnocourt

Nikolaus Harnocourt, kondakitala, cellist, filosofi ndi musicologist, ndi mmodzi wa anthu ofunikira mu moyo nyimbo za ku Ulaya ndi dziko lonse lapansi.

Count Johann Nicolaus de la Fontaine ndi d'Harnoncourt - Opanda Mantha (Johann Nicolaus Graf de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt) - ana a limodzi mwa mabanja olemekezeka kwambiri ku Ulaya. Ankhondo ankhondo ndi ndakatulo, akazembe ndi ndale a banja la Harnocourt atenga gawo lofunikira m'mbiri yaku Europe kuyambira zaka za zana la 14. Kumbali ya amayi, Arnoncourt amagwirizana ndi banja la Habsburg, koma wotsogolera wamkulu samawona kuti chiyambi chake ndi chofunika kwambiri. Iye anabadwira ku Berlin, anakulira ku Graz, anaphunzira ku Salzburg ndi Vienna.

Antipodes Karayana

Theka loyamba la moyo nyimbo Nikolaus Harnocourt anadutsa pansi chizindikiro cha Herbert von Karajan. Mu 1952, Karajan mwiniwake adayitana wolemba nyimbo wazaka 23 kuti alowe nawo ku Vienna Symphony Orchestra (Wiener Symphoniker) yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi iye. “Ndinali m’modzi mwa anthu XNUMX ofuna kukhala pampando umenewu,” anakumbukira motero Harnoncourt. "Nthawi yomweyo Karayan anandiwona ndipo ananong'oneza mkulu wa gulu loimba, kunena kuti izi ndi zofunika kuziganizira chifukwa cha khalidwe lake."

Zaka zomwe zidakhala mu gulu la oimba zidakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa iye m'moyo wake (anasiya mu 1969, pomwe ali ndi zaka makumi anayi, adayamba ntchito yayikulu ngati kondakitala). Ndondomeko yomwe Karajan adatsatira pokhudzana ndi Harnoncourt, mpikisano, mwachiwonekere kuti amamudziwa kuti adzapambana m'tsogolomu, akhoza kutchedwa kuzunzidwa mwadongosolo: mwachitsanzo, adakhazikitsa chikhalidwe ku Salzburg ndi Vienna: "kaya ine, kapena iye."

Consentus Musikus: chamber Revolution

Mu 1953, Nikolaus Harnoncourt ndi mkazi wake Alice, woimba violini m’gulu lomwelo, ndi anzake angapo anayambitsa gulu loimba la Concentus Musicus Wien. Msonkhanowu, womwe kwa zaka makumi awiri zoyamba adasonkhana kuti ayesedwe m'chipinda chojambula cha Arnoncourts, anayamba kuyesa ndi phokoso: zida zakale zidabwereka kuchokera ku museums, zambiri ndi zina zinaphunziridwa.

Ndipo ndithudi: "zotopetsa" nyimbo zakale zinkamveka m'njira yatsopano. Njira yatsopano idapatsa moyo watsopano ku nyimbo zoyiwalika komanso zoseweredwa. Mchitidwe wake wosinthika wa "kutanthauzira kodziwika bwino" unadzutsanso nyimbo za Renaissance ndi Baroque eras. "Nyimbo iliyonse imafuna mawu ake," ndi mawu a Harnocourt woimbayo. Atate wa zowona, iye mwini samagwiritsira ntchito mawu pachabe.

Bach, Beethoven, Gershwin

Arnoncourt akuganiza padziko lonse lapansi, ma projekiti ofunika kwambiri omwe wakhazikitsa mogwirizana ndi oimba akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi akuphatikizapo Beethoven symphony cycle, Monteverdi opera cycle, Bach cantata cycle (pamodzi ndi Gustav Leonhard). Harnoncourt ndiye womasulira woyambirira wa Verdi ndi Janicek. "Woukitsa" wa nyimbo zoyambirira, pa tsiku lake lobadwa la makumi asanu ndi atatu adadzipatsa yekha sewero la Gershwin's Porgy ndi Bess.

Wolemba mbiri ya Harnocourt, Monica Mertl, nthawi ina analemba kuti iye, mofanana ndi katswiri wake wokondedwa Don Quixote, akuwoneka kuti amadzifunsa funso lakuti: "Chabwino, chotsatira chili kuti?"

Anastasia Rakhmanova, dw.com