Kodi pali mitundu yanji ya nyimbo?

Timakuchenjezani mwamsanga kuti n'zovuta kuyankha m'nkhani imodzi funso la mitundu ya nyimbo yomwe ilipo. M'mbiri yonse ya nyimbo zasonkhanitsidwa mitundu yambiri kotero kuti n'kosatheka kuyeza ndi yardstick: chorale, romance, cantata, waltz, symphony, ballet, opera, prelude, etc.

Kwa zaka zambiri, akatswiri oimba nyimbo akhala akuyesera kugawa mitundu ya nyimbo (monga momwe zilili, ndi ntchito, mwachitsanzo). Koma tisanakhazikike pa typology, tiyeni tifotokoze tanthauzo lenileni la mtundu.

Kodi mtundu wanyimbo ndi chiyani?

Mtundu ndi mtundu wa chitsanzo chomwe nyimbo zina zimagwirizanitsidwa. Lili ndi zikhalidwe zina za kuphedwa, cholinga, mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha zomwe zili. Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha lullaby ndikukhazika mtima pansi mwana, kotero kuti "kugwedezeka" mawu ndi kamvekedwe kake ndizofanana nazo; mu March - njira zonse zowonetsera nyimbo zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale zomveka bwino.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya nyimbo: gulu

Magulu osavuta amitundu amatengera njira yophatikizira. Awa ndi magulu awiri akuluakulu:

• chida (March, waltz, etude, sonata, fugue, symphony)
• mitundu yamawu (aria, nyimbo, chikondi, cantata, opera, nyimbo).

Mtundu wina wamitundu umagwirizana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ndi ya A. Sokhor, wasayansi amene amanena kuti pali mitundu ya nyimbo:

• mwambo ndi chipembedzo (masalmo, misa, requiem) - amadziwika ndi zithunzi zodziwika bwino, kulamulira kwachikhalidwe chakwaya ndi malingaliro omwewo pakati pa omvera ambiri;
• anthu ambiri (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo, kuguba ndi kuvina: polka, waltz, ragtime, ballad, nyimbo) - yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe osavuta ndi mawu odziwika bwino;
• mitundu yamakonsati (oratorio, sonata, quartet, symphony) - zomwe zimachitikira muholo ya konsati, kamvekedwe kake monga momwe wolemba amadzifotokozera;
• Mitundu yamasewera (nyimbo, opera, ballet) - amafuna kuchitapo kanthu, chiwembu ndi kukongola.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu womwewo ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu ina. Choncho, opera seria ("serious" opera) ndi opera buffa (comic) alinso mitundu. Nthawi yomweyo, palinso mitundu ingapo ya opera, yomwe imapanganso mitundu yatsopano (nyimbo zanyimbo, opera epic, operetta, ndi zina).

Mayina amtundu

Mutha kulemba buku lonse la mayina amitundu yanyimbo ndi momwe zimakhalira. Mayina amatha kunena za mbiri yamtunduwu: mwachitsanzo, dzina la kuvina "kryzhachok" ndi chifukwa chakuti ovina adayikidwa pamtanda (kuchokera ku Belarusian "kryzh" - mtanda). Nocturne ("usiku" - kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku French) inkachitika usiku panja. Mayina ena amachokera ku mayina a zida (fanfare, musette), ena kuchokera ku nyimbo (Marseillaise, Camarina).

Nthawi zambiri nyimbo zimalandira dzina la mtundu wina zikasamutsidwa kumalo ena: mwachitsanzo, kuvina kwa anthu ku ballet. Koma zimachitikanso mosiyana: wolembayo amatenga mutu wakuti "Nyengo" ndikulemba ntchito, ndiyeno mutuwu umakhala mtundu wamtundu wina (4 nyengo monga magawo 4) ndi chikhalidwe cha zomwe zili.

M'malo momaliza

Polankhula za mitundu ya nyimbo yomwe ilipo, munthu sangalephere kutchula cholakwika chofala. Pali chisokonezo pamalingaliro pamene masitayelo monga akale, rock, jazz, hip-hop amatchedwa mitundu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira apa kuti mtundu ndi ndondomeko yomwe ntchito zimapangidwira, ndipo kalembedwe kamene kamasonyeza makhalidwe a chinenero cha nyimbo.

Wolemba - Alexandra Ramm