Eugene Ormandy |

Eugene Ormandy

Wokonda waku America waku Hungary. Dzina la kondakitala uyu ndi lolumikizidwa mosalekeza ndi mbiri ya imodzi mwazoimbaimba zabwino kwambiri za symphony padziko lonse lapansi - Philadelphia. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu, Ormandy wakhala mtsogoleri wa gululi, mlandu womwe sunachitikepo m'zaka zaluso zapadziko lonse lapansi. Polankhulana mozama kwambiri ndi orchestra iyi, makamaka, luso la wotsogolera linapangidwa ndikukula, chithunzi cholenga chomwe sichingaganizidwe kunja kwa Philadelphians ngakhale lero. Komabe, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti Ormandy, monga ambiri a okonda American m'badwo wake, anachokera ku Ulaya. Iye anabadwira ndikukulira ku Budapest; Pano, ali ndi zaka zisanu, adalowa mu Royal Academy of Music ndipo ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi anayamba kupereka zoimbaimba ngati woyimba zeze, nthawi yomweyo kuphunzira ndi Yene Hubai. Ndipo komabe, Ormandy anali, mwina, mwina woyamba kondakitala wamkulu amene ntchito inayamba mu United States. Ponena za momwe izi zidachitikira, kondakitala mwiniwake akunena izi:

“Ndinali woimba wodziwa kuimba vayolini ndipo ndinachita zoimbaimba zambiri nditamaliza maphunziro awo ku Royal Academy ku Budapest (kuimba, kutsutsa, piyano). Ku Vienna, wolemba nyimbo wina wa ku America anandimva ndipo anandiitanira ku New York. Izi zinali mu December 1921. Ndinazindikira pambuyo pake kuti sanali impresario nkomwe, koma zinali mochedwa kwambiri - ndinali ku New York. Oyang’anira akuluakulu onse anandimvetsera, aliyense anavomera kuti ndinali woyimba zenera wabwino kwambiri, koma ndinkafunika kutsatsa komanso konsati imodzi ku Carnegie Hall. Ndalama zonsezi zinalibe ndalama, zomwe ndinalibe, kotero ndinalowa mu Theatre Symphony Orchestra kwa console yomaliza, yomwe ndinakhala masiku asanu. Patatha masiku asanu, chisangalalo chinandimwetulira: adandipanga kukhala woperekeza! Miyezi isanu ndi itatu inadutsa, ndipo tsiku lina wochititsa, wosadziŵa konse ngati ndikhoza kuchititsa, anandiuza kupyolera mwa mlonda kuti ndiyenera kuchititsa konsati yotsatira. Ndipo ndidachitanso, popanda mphambu… Tidachita Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony. Nthawi yomweyo ndinasankhidwa kukhala kondakitala wachinayi. Apa ndinayamba ntchito yanga yotsogolera.”

Zaka zingapo zotsatira zinali za zaka za Ormandy zowongolera gawo latsopano kwa iye. Anapitako kumakonsati a New York Philharmonic Orchestra, komwe Mengelberg, Toscanini, Furtwängler, Klemperer, Klaiber ndi ambuye ena otchuka anali panthawiyo. Pang'onopang'ono, woimba wamng'ono anauka kwa wochititsa wachiwiri wa oimba, ndipo mu 1926 anakhala wotsogolera luso la Radio Orchestra, ndiye gulu m'malo wodzichepetsa. Mu 1931, chochitika chosangalatsa chinamuthandiza kukopa chidwi: Arturo Toscanini sakanatha kubwera kuchokera ku Ulaya kupita ku masewero ndi Philadelphia Orchestra, ndipo atatha kufufuza kopanda phindu kuti alowe m'malo, otsogolera adatenga chiopsezo choyitana Ormandy wamng'ono. Kumveka kwake kunaposa zonse zomwe ankayembekezera, ndipo mwamsanga anapatsidwa udindo wa kondakitala wamkulu ku Minneapolis. Ormandy anagwira ntchito kumeneko kwa zaka zisanu, kukhala mmodzi wa ochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'badwo watsopano. Ndipo mu 1936, pamene Stokowski anachoka ku Philadelphia Orchestra, palibe amene anadabwa kuti Ormandy anakhala wolowa m'malo mwake. Rachmaninov ndi Kreisler anamulimbikitsa pa udindo woterowo.

Kwa zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito ku Philadelphia Orchestra, Ormandy wapeza kutchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zinathandizidwa ndi maulendo ake ambiri m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana, ndi repertoire yopanda malire, ndi ungwiro wa gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi iye, ndipo, potsiriza, kulumikizana komwe kumagwirizanitsa wotsogolera ndi oimba ambiri otchuka a nthawi yathu. Ormandy anakhalabe ndi ubale waubwenzi komanso wolenga ndi Rachmaninoff wamkulu, yemwe ankaimba naye mobwerezabwereza ndi oimba ake. Ormandy anali woimba woyamba wa Third Symphony ya Rachmaninov ndi Symphonic Dances yake, yoperekedwa ndi wolemba ku Philadelphia Orchestra. Ormandy anachita mobwerezabwereza ndi ojambula a Soviet omwe adayendera United States m'zaka zaposachedwapa - E. Gilels, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh, M. Rostropovich, L. Kogan ndi ena. Mu 1956, Ormandy, mtsogoleri wa Philadelphia Orchestra, anayendera Moscow, Leningrad ndi Kyiv. M’maprogramu ambiri ndi osiyanasiyana, luso la kondakitala linavumbulidwa mokwanira. Pofotokoza za iye, L. Ginzburg, mnzake wa ku Soviet Union wa Ormandy analemba kuti: “Ormandy, woimba waluso kwambiri, amachita chidwi ndi luso lake lapadera, makamaka kukumbukira. Mapulogalamu asanu akuluakulu ndi ovuta, kuphatikizapo ntchito zovuta zamakono, adazichita kuchokera pamtima, akuwonetsa chidziwitso chaulere komanso chatsatanetsatane chambiri. M'masiku makumi atatu akukhala ku Soviet Union, Ormandy adachita makonsati khumi ndi awiri - chitsanzo cha kuletsa kosowa kwa akatswiri ... Ormandy alibe chithumwa chodziwika bwino. Mayendedwe ake amakhala ngati bizinesi; pafupifupi sasamala za mbali yakunja, yodzionetsera, chidwi chake chonse chimatengeka chifukwa cholumikizana ndi oimba ndi nyimbo zomwe amaimba. Chomwe chimakopa chidwi ndicho kutalika kwa pulogalamu yake kuposa momwe timazolowera. Kondakitala amaphatikiza molimba mtima ntchito za masitayelo ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana: Beethoven ndi Shostakovich, Haydn ndi Prokofiev, Brahms ndi Debussy, R. Strauss ndi Beethoven…

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969