Kodi tonality ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tipeze lero kuti tonality ndi chiyani. Kwa owerenga osaleza mtima ndimanena nthawi yomweyo: chinsinsi - iyi ndi gawo la udindo wa sikelo ya nyimbo ku nyimbo zamtundu wina, kumangiriza ku gawo linalake la nyimbo. Ndiye musakhale aulesi kwambiri kuti mumvetsetse bwino.

Mwinamwake munamvapo mawu oti “” kale, sichoncho? Oimba nthawi zina amadandaula za kamvekedwe kolakwika, kupempha kukweza kapena kutsitsa mawu a nyimboyo. Eya, wina angakhale atamva mawuwa kuchokera kwa oyendetsa galimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tonality kufotokoza phokoso la injini yothamanga. Tiyerekeze kuti timathamanga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo timamva kuti phokoso la injini limakhala loboola kwambiri - limasintha kamvekedwe kake. Pomaliza, nditchula chinthu chomwe aliyense wa inu adakumana nacho - kukambirana mokweza mawu (munthuyo adangoyamba kukuwa, kusintha "mawu" akulankhula kwake, ndipo aliyense adamva zotsatira zake).

Tsopano tiyeni tibwerere ku tanthauzo lathu. Choncho, timatcha tonality mlingo wanyimbo. Zomwe zimapweteka komanso kapangidwe kake zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yakuti "Kudandaula ndi chiyani". Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti mitundu yodziwika bwino mu nyimbo ndi yayikulu komanso yaying'ono; iwo ali ndi madigiri asanu ndi awiri, chachikulu chomwe chiri choyamba (chotchedwa zosangalatsa).

Tonic ndi mode - miyeso iwiri yofunika kwambiri ya tonality

Muli ndi lingaliro la zomwe tonality ndi, tsopano tiyeni tipitirire ku zigawo za tonality. Pakiyi iliyonse, zinthu ziwiri ndizofunikira - tonic yake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndikupangira kukumbukira mfundo iyi: key ndi lofanana ndi tonic plus mode.

Lamuloli likhoza kugwirizanitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi dzina la ma tonalities, omwe amawoneka mu mawonekedwe awa:. Ndiko kuti, dzina la tonality limasonyeza kuti phokoso limodzi lakhala likulu, tonic (sitepe yoyamba) ya imodzi mwa mitundu (yaikulu kapena yaying'ono).

Zizindikiro zazikulu mu makiyi

Kusankha chinsinsi chimodzi kapena china chojambulira nyimbo kumatsimikizira kuti ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zidzasonyezedwe pakiyi. Maonekedwe a zizindikiro zazikulu - zakuthwa ndi ma flats - chifukwa chakuti, pogwiritsa ntchito tonic yopatsidwa, sikelo imakula, yomwe imayendetsa mtunda pakati pa madigiri (kutalika kwa semitones ndi matani) zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madigiri ena achepetse, pamene ena. , m'malo mwake, kuwonjezeka.

Poyerekeza, ndikukupatsirani makiyi 7 akulu ndi 7 ang'onoang'ono, masitepe akulu omwe amatengedwa ngati tonic (pa makiyi oyera). Fananizani, mwachitsanzo, tonality, kuchuluka kwa zilembo zomwe zilimo ndi omwe ali ndi zilembo zazikulu, ndi zina.

Kotero, mukuwona kuti zizindikiro zazikulu mu B ndi zothwa zitatu (F, C ndi G), koma palibe zizindikiro mu B; - kiyi yokhala ndi zosongoka zinayi (F, C, G ndi D), ndi mfungulo imodzi yokha yakuthwa. Zonsezi ndi chifukwa ang'onoang'ono, poyerekeza ndi zazikulu, otsika wachitatu, chisanu ndi chiwiri madigiri ndi mtundu wa zizindikiro mode.

Kuti mukumbukire zomwe zizindikiro zazikulu zili m'makiyi ndipo musasokonezedwe nazo, muyenera kudziwa mfundo zingapo zosavuta. Werengani zambiri za izi m'nkhani yakuti "Mmene mungakumbukire zizindikiro zazikulu." Werengani ndikuphunzira, mwachitsanzo, kuti mawu akuthwa ndi ma flats mu kiyiyo samalembedwa mwachisawawa, koma mwadongosolo linalake, losavuta kukumbukira, komanso kuti dongosolo lomweli limakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'ana mitundu yonse yamitundu ...

Mafungulo ofanana ndi eponymous

Yakwana nthawi yoti mudziwe kuti toni zofananira ndi chiyani komanso makiyi omwewo. Takumanapo kale ndi makiyi a dzina lomwelo, pomwe timafanizira makiyi akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono.

Makiyi a dzina lomwelo - awa ndi ma tonali omwe tonic ndi yofanana, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo,

Mafungulo ofananira - awa ndi ma tonali omwe zizindikiro zofanana zazikulu, koma tonics zosiyana. Tinawonanso izi: mwachitsanzo, tonality yopanda zizindikiro komanso, kapena, ndi lakuthwa limodzi komanso lakuthwa, mu lathyathyathya imodzi (B) komanso chizindikiro chimodzi - B-flat.

Makiyi omwewo ndi ofanana nthawi zonse amakhalapo mu "aakulu-ang'ono" awiri. Pa makiyi aliwonse, mutha kutchula dzina lomwelo ndi lalikulu lofananira kapena laling'ono. Chilichonse chikuwonekera bwino ndi mayina a dzina lomwelo, koma tsopano tithana ndi zofanana.

Mungapeze bwanji kiyi yofananira?

The tonic of the parallelminong ili pa digiri yachisanu ndi chimodzi ya sikelo yayikulu, ndipo tonic ya sikelo yayikulu ya dzina lomwelo ili pa digiri yachitatu ya sikelo yaying'ono. Mwachitsanzo, tikuyang'ana kufanana kwa tonality kwa: sitepe yachisanu ndi chimodzi mu - note , kutanthauza tonality yomwe ili yofanana Chitsanzo china: tikuyang'ana kufanana kwa - timawerengera masitepe atatu ndikupeza kufanana.

Palinso njira ina yopezera kiyi yofananira. Lamuloli likugwira ntchito: tonic ya fungulo lofanana ndi laling'ono lachitatu pansi (ngati tikuyang'ana wamng'ono wofanana), kapena wamng'ono wachitatu mmwamba (ngati tikuyang'ana wamkulu wofanana). Kodi chachitatu ndi chiyani, mmene amachipangira, ndi mafunso ena onse okhudzana ndi kapitawo akufotokozedwa m’nkhani yakuti “Nthawi za Nyimbo.”

Powombetsa mkota

Nkhaniyi idawunikiranso mafunso awa: tonality ndi chiyani, ma tonali ofananira ndi osadziwika bwino, ndi gawo lotani lomwe ma tonic ndi mawonekedwe amasewera, komanso momwe zizindikiritso zazikulu zimawonekera mu ma tonali.

Pomaliza, mfundo ina yosangalatsa. Pali chinthu chimodzi cha nyimbo-zamaganizo - chotchedwa kumva mtundu. Kodi kumva mtundu ndi chiyani? Uwu ndi mtundu wa mawu amtheradi pomwe munthu amaphatikiza kiyi iliyonse ndi mtundu. Olemba NA anali ndi kumva kwamitundu. Rimsky-Korsakov ndi AN Scriabin. Mwina nanunso mudzapeza luso lodabwitsali mwa inu nokha.

Ndikufunirani chipambano pakuphunzira kwanu kopitilira muyeso kwa nyimbo. Siyani mafunso anu mu ndemanga. Tsopano ndikukupemphani kuti mupumule pang'ono ndikuwonera kanema wa filimuyo "Rewriting Beethoven" ndi nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za 9th symphony ya wolembayo, momwe mamvekedwe ake, mwa njira, amawadziwa kale.

"Kulembanso Beethoven" - Symphony No. 9 (nyimbo zodabwitsa)