Muzio Clementi (Muzio Clementi) |

Muzio Clementi

Clements. Sonatina mu C major, Op. 36 No. 1 Andante

Muzio Clementi - Wolemba wa sonata zana ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi, zidutswa zambiri za organ ndi piyano, ma symphonies angapo ndi maphunziro otchuka "Gradus ad Parnassum", anabadwira ku Roma mu 1752, m'banja la miyala yamtengo wapatali, wokonda kwambiri nyimbo. sanalole chilichonse kuti apatse mwana wake maphunziro olimba oimba. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Muzio anali akuyimba kale kuchokera m'manoti, ndipo talente yolemera ya mnyamatayo inathandiza aphunzitsi ake - Cardicelli, wotsutsa Cartini ndi woimba Santorelli, kukonzekera mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi kuti ayesetse mpikisano wa malo. wa limba. Ali ndi zaka 14, Clementi anatenga ulendo wopita ku England pamodzi ndi woyang’anira wake, Mngelezi Bedford. Chotsatira cha ulendowu chinali kuyitanidwa kwa talente yachinyamatayo kuti atenge malo a bandmaster wa opera ya ku Italy ku London. Kupitiliza kuchita bwino pakuyimba piyano, Clementi pamapeto pake amadziwika kuti ndi katswiri wabwino kwambiri komanso mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri wa piyano.

Mu 1781 anayamba ulendo wake woyamba wojambula ku Ulaya. Kudzera ku Strasbourg ndi Munich, anafika ku Vienna, kumene anakhala pafupi ndi Mozart ndi Haydn. Kuno ku Vienna, mpikisano pakati pa Clementi ndi Mozart unachitika. Chochitikacho chinachititsa chidwi kwambiri pakati pa okonda nyimbo za Viennese.

Kupambana kwa ulendo wa konsati kunathandizira kuti Clementi apitirize ntchito imeneyi, ndipo mu 1785 anapita ku Paris ndikugonjetsa a Parisian ndi sewero lake.

Kuchokera mu 1785 mpaka 1802, Clementi anasiya zisudzo zapagulu ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa ndi kulemba. Kuphatikiza apo, pazaka zisanu ndi ziwirizi, adayambitsa komanso kukhala ndi nyumba zingapo zosindikizira nyimbo ndi mafakitale a zida zoimbira.

Mu 1802, Clementi, pamodzi ndi wophunzira wake Field, anapanga ulendo wachiwiri waukulu waluso kudutsa Paris ndi Vienna kupita ku St. Kulikonse amalandiridwa ndi chidwi. Munda umakhalabe ku St. Petersburg, ndipo Zeiner akugwirizana ndi Clementi m’malo mwake; ku Berlin ndi Dresden akuphatikizidwa ndi Berger ndi Klengel. Pano, ku Berlin, Clementi anakwatira, koma posakhalitsa anataya mkazi wake wamng'ono ndipo, kuti athetse chisoni chake, akubwerera ku St. Petersburg ndi ophunzira ake Berger ndi Klengel. Mu 1810, kudzera ku Vienna ndi ku Italy konse, Clementi anabwerera ku London. Apa mu 1811 iye anakwatiranso, ndipo mpaka mapeto a masiku ake sachoka ku England, kupatula m'nyengo yozizira 1820, amene anakhala mu Leipzig.

Ulemerero wanyimbo wa woipeka sutha. Iye anayambitsa Philharmonic Society ku London ndipo ankaimba nyimbo za symphony, zomwe zinathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha luso la piyano.

Anthu a m'nthawi yake amatchedwa Clementi "bambo wa nyimbo za piyano". Woyambitsa ndi mutu wa otchedwa London sukulu ya piyano, iye anali wanzeru virtuoso, chidwi ndi ufulu ndi chisomo kusewera, momveka bwino chala njira. Clementi adalera m'nthawi yake gulu lonse la ophunzira odabwitsa, omwe adatsimikiza kwambiri zakukula kwa kuyimba kwa piyano kwazaka zambiri zikubwerazi. Wolembayo adafotokoza mwachidule zomwe adachita komanso maphunziro ake mu ntchito yapadera "Njira Zoyimba Piano", yomwe inali imodzi mwa zida zabwino kwambiri zoimbira za nthawi yake. Koma ngakhale tsopano, wophunzira aliyense wa sukulu yamakono ya nyimbo amadziwa; kuti mukhale ndi luso loimba piyano, ndikofunikira kusewera masewera a Clementi.

Monga wofalitsa, Clementi adafalitsa mabuku a anthu ambiri a m'nthawi yake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku England, ntchito zingapo za Beethoven zidasindikizidwa. Komanso, iye anasindikiza ntchito ndi olemba a m'ma 1823 (motengera ake). Mu 1832, Clementi adagwira nawo ntchito yokonza ndi kufalitsa buku lalikulu loyamba la nyimbo. Muzio Clementi adamwalira ku London mchaka cha XNUMX, ndikusiya chuma chambiri. Anatisiyira nyimbo zake zodabwitsa komanso zaluso.

Viktor Kashirnikov