Язепс Витолс (Язепс Витолс) |

Jázeps Vitols

Kupambana kwanga konse kuli m’chisangalalo chakuti ntchitoyo inali yopambana. J. Vytols

J. Vitols ndi mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Latvia - wolemba nyimbo, mphunzitsi, wotsogolera, wotsutsa komanso anthu. Kudalira mozama pa chiyambi cha dziko la Latvia, miyambo ya nyimbo za Chirasha ndi Chijeremani zimatsimikizira maonekedwe ake aluso.

Chikoka cha Germany chidadziwika makamaka m'zaka zoyambirira. Chilengedwe chonse cha chigawo cha Valmiera, kumene woimbayo anabadwira m'banja la mphunzitsi wa masewera olimbitsa thupi a Jelgava, adadzazidwa ndi mzimu wa chikhalidwe cha Chijeremani - chinenero chake, chipembedzo, zokonda za nyimbo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Vitols, monga oimira ena ambiri a m'badwo woyamba wa oimba Latvian, anaphunzira kuimba limba ali mwana (mofanana, iye anaphunzira violin ndi limba). Ali ndi zaka 15, mnyamatayo anayamba kulemba. Ndipo pamene mu 1880 sanaloledwe ku St. Petersburg Conservatory m'kalasi la viola (chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino kwa manja), mosangalala anatembenukira ku nyimbo. Nyimbo zomwe zinawonetsedwa kwa N. Rimsky-Korsakov zinasankha tsogolo la woimbayo. Zaka zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Conservatory (Vitols anamaliza maphunziro a 1886 ndi mendulo yaing'ono ya golide) pokhudzana ndi ambuye apamwamba, ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha luso la St. Amakhala pafupi ndi A. Lyadov ndi A. Glazunov, amatenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano ya bwalo la Belyaevsky lotsogoleredwa ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya M. Belyaev amalandira abwenzi m'nyumba yake yochereza alendo.

Munali mumlengalenga, adakali wodzazidwa ndi mzimu wa "Kuchkism" ndi chidwi chake mu dziko-chachilendo, anthu, demokalase, kuti woimba wamng'ono, amene mu St. Wojambula waku Latvia. Pambuyo pake, adanena mobwerezabwereza kuti ku Russia oimba ake "adapeza ... chithandizo chachikondi kwambiri pa chirichonse chomwe chinali mu nyimbo zathu za ku Latvia: Russian amakonda osati ... anthu ena.

Posakhalitsa Vitols akukhala pafupi ndi koloni ya St.

Mu 1888, woimbayo anatenga gawo lachitatu General Song Chikondwerero ku Riga, kusonyeza mosalekeza ntchito zake pa pachaka "Autumn Concerts" nyimbo Latvian. Mitundu yomwe Vitols ankagwira ntchito inali pafupi ndi makonzedwe a sukulu ya Korsakov: kusintha kwa nyimbo zowerengeka, zachikondi (c. 100), makwaya, zidutswa za piyano (zojambula, Sonata, zosiyana), ma ensembles a chipinda, mapulogalamu a symphonic , ndakatulo, etc.). . p.), komanso pankhani ya nyimbo za symphony ndi piyano, Vitols adakhala mpainiya ku Latvia (kubadwa kwa zigoli zoyamba zaku Latvia kumalumikizidwa ndi ndakatulo yake ya "League Holiday" - 1889). Kuyamba ntchito yake ngati woimba ndi zidutswa za piyano ndi zachikondi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80. Vitols pang'onopang'ono amapeza mitundu yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zosowa za dziko la chikhalidwe chake chaluso - nyimbo zakwaya ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta symphonic, momwe amafotokozera mokongola komanso mwandakatulo zithunzi zamitundu yawo.

Moyo wake wonse chidwi Vitols anali lolunjika pa wowerengeka nyimbo (makonzedwe oposa 300), mbali imene ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito yake. Zaka za m'ma 1890 ndi 1900 - nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za wolemba - nyimbo zoimba nyimbo pamutu wokonda dziko lawo - "Beverinsky Singer" (1900), "Lock of Light", "The Queen, the Fiery Club"; symphonic suite Seven Latvian Folk Songs; kusokoneza "zodabwitsa" ndi "Spriditis"; Kusiyanasiyana kwa piyano pamutu wa anthu aku Latvia, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imeneyi, kalembedwe ka Vitols kamakhala kowoneka bwino, kowoneka bwino komanso kowoneka bwino, kochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani, mawu owoneka bwino a chilankhulo chanyimbo.

Mu 1918, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic of Latvia, Vitols anabwerera kwawo, kumene anadzipereka yekha ntchito za maphunziro ndi kulenga ndi mphamvu zatsopano, anapitiriza kulemba, ndi kutenga nawo mbali mu bungwe la Zikondwerero Song. Poyamba, adatsogolera Riga Opera House, ndipo mu 1919 adayambitsa Conservatory ya Latvia, yomwe, ndi nthawi yopuma mpaka 1944, adagwira ntchito ya rector. Tsopano nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatchedwa dzina lake.

Vitols anayamba maphunziro a pedagogy ku St. Petersburg, atakhala zaka zoposa 30 ku Russia (1886-1918). Osati kokha anthu odziwika bwino a nyimbo za ku Russia (N. Myaskovsky, S. Prokofiev, V. Shcherbachev, V. Belyaev, etc.) adadutsa m'makalasi ake ongoganizira komanso olemba, komanso anthu ambiri ochokera ku Baltic States omwe adayika maziko a dziko lawo. kupanga masukulu (Estonian K Turnpu, Lithuanians S. Shimkus, J. Tallat-Kyalpsha ndi ena). Mu Riga, Vitols anapitiriza kukhala ndi mfundo pedagogical Rimsky-Korsakov - ukatswiri mkulu, kukonda luso wowerengeka. Pakati pa ophunzira ake, omwe pambuyo pake adzakhala onyadira nyimbo za ku Latvia ndi olemba nyimbo M. Zarins, A. Žilinskis, A. Skultė, J. Ivanov, kondakitala L. Vigners, katswiri wa nyimbo J. Vītoliņš ndi ena. Petersburg German nyuzipepala St. Petersburger Zeitung (1897-1914).

Moyo wa woimbayo unatha mu ukapolo, ku Lübeck, kumene anachoka mu 1944, koma maganizo ake mpaka mapeto anakhalabe m'dziko lakwawo, amene mpaka kalekale anasunga kukumbukira wojambula wake kwambiri.

G. Zhdanova