Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov |

Alexander Mosolov

Zovuta komanso zachilendo ndizotsatira za A. Mosolov monga wolemba nyimbo, wojambula wowala komanso woyambirira, yemwe chidwi chake chikuwonjezeka posachedwapa. Zodabwitsa kwambiri zosinthika zamasinthidwe zidachitika m'ntchito yake, zomwe zidawonetsa ma metamorphoses omwe adachitika pamagawo osiyanasiyana pakukula kwa nyimbo za Soviet. M'zaka zofananira ndi zaka zana, adalowa muzojambula molimba mtima m'ma 20s. ndi organically kukwanira mu "zochitika" za nthawiyo, ndi kufulumira kwake ndi mphamvu zake zosatopa, zomwe zikuphatikizapo mzimu wake wopanduka, kumasuka ku zizolowezi zatsopano. Kwa Mosolov 20s. inakhala ngati nthawi ya "mkuntho ndi nkhawa". Panthawiyi, udindo wake m'moyo unali utafotokozedwa kale bwino.

Tsogolo la Mosolov, amene mu 1903 anasamukira ku Kiev ndi makolo ake ku Moscow, anali inextricably zogwirizana ndi zochitika kusintha. Polandira mwachikondi chipambano cha Kuukira Kwakukulu kwa October, mu 1918 iye anadzipereka kunkhondo; mu 1920 - adachotsedwa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa zipolopolo. Ndipo kokha, zikutheka, mu 1921, atalowa Moscow Conservatory, Mosolov anayamba kulemba nyimbo. Anaphunzira zolemba, zogwirizana ndi zotsutsana ndi R. Glier, kenako anasamutsidwa ku kalasi ya N. Myaskovsky, yemwe anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Conservatory mu 1925. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adaphunzira piyano ndi G. Prokofiev, ndipo kenako ndi K. Igumnov. Kupanga kwakukulu kwa Mosolov ndikodabwitsa: pofika m'ma 20s. amakhala mlembi wa ntchito zambiri momwe kalembedwe kake kamapangidwira. "Ndiwe munthu wodabwitsa kwambiri, amatuluka mwa iwe, ngati kuti akuchokera ku cornucopia," N. Myaskovsky analembera Mosolov pa August 10, 1927. "Si nthabwala kunena - 10 zachikondi, 5 cadences, symphonic suite, ndi inu kulemba chinachake pang'ono. Izi, bwenzi langa, ndi "Universal" "(Universal Edition yosindikiza nyumba ku Vienna. - NA)," ndipo iye adzakuwa kuchokera kuchuluka kotero "! Kuchokera mu 1924 mpaka 1928, Mosolov adapanga ma opus pafupifupi 30, kuphatikizapo piano sonatas, nyimbo zoimbira nyimbo ndi zida zazing'ono, symphony, opera "Hero", konsati ya piyano, nyimbo za ballet "Steel" (kumene gawo lodziwika bwino la symphonic adawonekera "Factory").

M'zaka zotsatira, analemba operetta "Ubatizo wa Russia, Anti-Religious Symphony" kwa owerenga, kwaya ndi oimba, etc.

Mu 20-30s. chidwi ndi ntchito Mosolov m'dziko lathu ndi kunja kwambiri kugwirizana ndi "Factory" (1926-28), momwe mbali ya mawu osonyeza polyostinato kumapangitsa kumverera kwa limagwirira ntchito. Ntchitoyi idathandizira kwambiri kuti a Mosolov adziwike ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake makamaka ngati woimira nyimbo zoyimba nyimbo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa sewero la Soviet ndi zisudzo zanyimbo (kumbukirani zolemba za Vs. "Metallurgical Plant" kuchokera ku opera "Ice ndi Zitsulo" ndi V. Deshevov - 1925). Komabe, Mosolov panthawiyi anali kufunafuna ndi kupeza zigawo zina za kalembedwe ka nyimbo zamakono. Mu 1930, adalemba nyimbo ziwiri zamatsenga modabwitsa, zomwe zili ndi zinthu zonyansa: "Zithunzi za Ana Atatu" ndi "Zotsatsa Zinayi Zanyuzipepala" ("kuchokera ku Izvestia wa All-Russian Central Executive Committee"). Zolemba zonse ziwirizi zinapangitsa kuti anthu azichita phokoso komanso kumasulira momveka bwino. Chifukwa chiyani Artоmwachitsanzo, m'manyuzipepala amalemba okha, mwachitsanzo: "Ine ndekha ndimapita kukapha makoswe, mbewa. Pali ndemanga. Zaka 25 zakuchita ". Nkosavuta kulingalira mkhalidwe wa omvera analeredwa mu mzimu wa mwambo wa nyimbo za m’chipinda! Pogwirizana ndi chinenero chamakono cha nyimbo ndi kutsindika kwake kwa dissonance, kuyendayenda kwa chromatic, maulendowa ali ndi kupitirizabe momveka bwino ndi kalembedwe ka mawu a M. Mussorgsky, mpaka kuwongolera mafananidwe pakati pa "Zithunzi za Ana Atatu" ndi "Ana"; "Malonda a Nyuzipepala" ndi "Seminarian, Rayk". Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri ya 20s. - Konsati yoyamba ya piyano (1926-27), yomwe inali chiyambi cha malingaliro atsopano, odana ndi chikondi cha mtundu uwu mu nyimbo za Soviet.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 30s. Nthawi ya "mkuntho ndi kuukira" mu ntchito ya Mosolov ikutha: woimbayo mwadzidzidzi amaswa kalembedwe kakale ndikuyamba "kufufuza" kwa watsopano, mosiyana ndi woyamba. Kusintha kwa kalembedwe ka woimbayo kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti, poyerekeza ntchito zake zomwe zinalembedwa kale komanso pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 30, n'zovuta kukhulupirira kuti onse ndi a wolemba nyimbo yemweyo. stylistic kusinthasintha mwakuchita; yomwe idayamba m'ma 30s, idatsimikiza ntchito zonse za Mosolov. Kodi chinayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku n'chiyani? Ntchito ina idaseweredwa ndi kutsutsidwa kokhazikika kwa RAPM, yemwe ntchito yake idadziwika ndi njira yonyansa yaukadaulo (mu 1925 Mosolov adakhala membala wathunthu wa ASM). Panalinso zifukwa zolinga za kusinthika mofulumira kwa chinenero cha wolemba: izo zimagwirizana ndi luso la Soviet la 30s. kukokera ku kumveka bwino ndi kuphweka.

Mu 1928-37. Mosolov amafufuza mwakhama chikhalidwe cha ku Central Asia, akuchiphunzira pa maulendo ake, komanso ponena za mndandanda wotchuka wa V. Uspensky ndi V. Belyaev "Turkmen Music" (1928). Adalemba zidutswa zitatu za piano "Turkmen Nights" (3), Zigawo Ziwiri pa Mitu ya Uzbek (1928), yomwe imanenabe za nthawi yapitayi, yopanduka, kuyika mwachidule. Ndipo mu Concerto Yachiwiri ya Piano ndi Orchestra (1929) ndi zinanso mu Nyimbo Zitatu za Voice ndi Orchestra (1932s), kalembedwe katsopano kafotokozedwa kale momveka bwino. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30s adadziwika ndi zochitika zokhazokha mu ntchito ya Mosolov yopanga opera yayikulu pamitu ya anthu ndi chikhalidwe - "Dam" (20-1929), - yomwe adadzipereka kwa mphunzitsi wake N. Myaskovsky. Libretto yolembedwa ndi Y. Zadykhin idakhazikitsidwa ndi chiwembu chogwirizana ndi nthawi ya kutembenuka kwa 30-20s: imagwira ntchito yomanga dziwe lamalo opangira magetsi amadzi mu umodzi mwamidzi yakutali ya dzikoli. Mutu wa opera unali pafupi ndi wolemba The Factory. Chilankhulo cha orchestra cha Plotina chikuwonetsa kuyandikira kwa kalembedwe ka nyimbo za symphonic za 30s za Mosolov. Mchitidwe wakale wamawu owopsa akuphatikizidwa pano ndi kuyesa kupanga zithunzi zabwino mu nyimbo zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pamutu wapagulu. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi schematism ya kugunda kwachiwembu ndi ngwazi, zomwe Mosolov analibe chidziwitso chokwanira, pomwe adakumana ndi anthu olakwika a dziko lakale.

Tsoka ilo, zasungidwa pang'ono za ntchito yolenga ya Mosolov atapanga Damu. Kumapeto kwa 1937 anaponderezedwa: anaweruzidwa zaka 8 mu msasa wokakamiza, koma August 25, 1938 anamasulidwa. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1939 mpaka kumapeto kwa 40s. pali mapangidwe omaliza a njira yatsopano yopangira ya woipeka. M'ndakatulo ya Concerto ya zeze ndi orchestra (1939), chinenero cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chinalowedwa m'malo ndi nkhani za mlembi woyambirira, zosiyanitsidwa ndi kuphweka kwa chinenero chogwirizana, melodicism. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 40. Zokonda za kulenga za Mosolov zimayendetsedwa ndi njira zingapo, imodzi mwazomwe zinali opera. Amalemba masewero "Signal" (omasulidwa ndi O. Litovsky) ndi "Masquerade" (pambuyo pa M. Lermontov). Chiwerengero cha The Signal chinamalizidwa pa October 14, 1941. Choncho, opera inakhala imodzi mwa oyamba mu mtundu uwu (mwinamwake woyamba) kuyankha pazochitika za Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi. Madera ena ofunikira a ntchito yolenga ya Mosolov yazaka izi - nyimbo zakwaya ndi chipinda cham'chipinda - zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mutu wa kukonda dziko lako. Mtundu waukulu wa nyimbo zakwaya zazaka zankhondo - nyimboyi - imayimiridwa ndi nyimbo zingapo, zomwe magulu atatu oimba omwe amatsagana ndi pianoforte kupita ku mavesi a Argo (A. Goldenberg), olembedwa ndi mzimu wanyimbo zankhondo zambiri. chidwi kwambiri: "Nyimbo ya Alexander Nevsky, nyimbo ya Kutuzov" ndi "Nyimbo ya Suvorov. Udindo wotsogola mu nyimbo zoimba za chipinda chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 40. kusewera mitundu ya ballads ndi nyimbo; mbali yosiyana ndi nyimbo zachikondi komanso, makamaka, zachikondi-elegy ("Three elegies on poems by Denis Davydov" - 1944, "Five poems by A. Blok" - 1946).

Pazaka izi, Mosolov kachiwiri, patapita nthawi yopuma yaitali, akutembenukira kwa symphony mtundu. The Symphony in E Major (1944) ndi chiyambi cha epic yaikulu ya 6 symphonies, yopangidwa kwa zaka zoposa 20. Mu mtundu wanyimbo, wopeka akupitiriza mzere wa epic symphonism, amene anayamba mu Russian, ndiyeno mu Soviet nyimbo 30s. Mtundu wamtunduwu, komanso maubwenzi oyandikira kwambiri pakati pa ma symphonies, amapereka ufulu wotcha ma symphonies 6 kukhala epic osati mophiphiritsira.

Mu 1949, Mosolov amatenga nawo mbali mu zowerengeka zoyendera anthu ku Krasnodar Territory, yomwe inali chiyambi cha ntchito yake yatsopano ya "folklore wave". Ma suites a oimba a zida za anthu aku Russia (Kubanskaya, etc.) amawonekera. Wolembayo amaphunzira nthano za Stavropol. Mu 60s. Mosolov anayamba kulemba kwaya wowerengeka (kuphatikizapo Northern Russian wowerengeka kwaya, motsogozedwa ndi mkazi wa wolemba, People's Artist wa USSR Y. Meshko). Mwamsanga anadziŵa kalembedwe ka nyimbo yakumpoto, kupanga makonzedwe. Ntchito yayitali ya wopeka ndi kwaya inathandizira kulembedwa kwa "Folk Oratorio za GI Kotovsky" (Art. E. Bagritsky) kwa oimba solo, kwaya, owerenga ndi oimba (1969-70). Mu ntchito yomaliza yomaliza, Mosolov anatembenukira ku zochitika za nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Ukraine (kumene iye anachita), kupereka oratorio kukumbukira mkulu wake. M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, Mosolov anapanga zojambula za nyimbo ziwiri - Third Piano Concerto (1971) ndi Sixth (kwenikweni yachisanu ndi chitatu) Symphony. Kuphatikiza apo, adapanga lingaliro la opera "Zoyenera Kuchita"? (malinga ndi buku la dzina lomwelo la N. Chernyshevsky), lomwe silinakonzedwe kuti likwaniritsidwe.

"Ndili wokondwa kuti pakali pano anthu ali ndi chidwi ndi cholowa cha Mosolov, zomwe zimafotokoza za iye zikufalitsidwa. ... Ndikuganiza kuti ngati zonsezi zikanachitika pa moyo wa AV Mosolov, ndiye kuti mwina kutsitsimutsidwa kwa nyimbo zake zikanatalikitsa moyo wake ndipo akanakhala pakati pathu kwa nthawi yaitali, "wolemba za cellist wodabwitsa A. Stogorsky analemba za Wolemba , yemwe Mosolov adapereka "ndakatulo ya Elegiac" ya cello ndi orchestra (1960).

N. Aleksenko