Yuri Shaporin (Yuri Shaporin).

Yuri Shaporin

Ntchito ndi umunthu wa Yu. Shaporin ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri mu luso Soviet nyimbo. Wonyamula ndi wopitiliza miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha anzeru aku Russia, munthu yemwe ali ndi maphunziro osunthika aku yunivesite, yemwe adatengera kuyambira ali mwana zojambulajambula zaku Russia, kudziwa mozama komanso kumva mbiri yakale yaku Russia, zolemba, ndakatulo, zojambula, zomangamanga - Shaporin adavomereza. ndipo adalandira kusintha komwe kunabwera ndi Great October Socialist Revolution ndipo nthawi yomweyo adagwira nawo ntchito yomanga chikhalidwe chatsopano.

Anabadwira m'banja la aluntha la Russia. Bambo ake anali wojambula waluso, amayi ake anali omaliza maphunziro a Moscow Conservatory, wophunzira wa N. Rubinstein ndi N. Zverev. Zojambula m'mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana zidazungulira woyimba wamtsogolo kuchokera pachibelekerocho. Kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha Chirasha kunasonyezedwanso mu mfundo yochititsa chidwi: mchimwene wa agogo a woimbayo kumbali ya amayi, wolemba ndakatulo V. Tumansky, anali bwenzi la A. Pushkin, Pushkin amamutchula pamasamba a Eugene Onegin. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale malo a moyo Yuri Alexandrovich limasonyeza kugwirizana kwake ndi chiyambi cha Russian mbiri, chikhalidwe, nyimbo: ndi Glukhov - mwini wa zipilala zamtengo wapatali zomangamanga, Kyiv (kumene Shaporin anaphunzira pa Faculty of History ndi Philology of the University), Petersburg-Leningrad (kumene wopeka tsogolo anaphunzira pa mphamvu ya Chilamulo cha University, pa Conservatory ndipo ankakhala mu 1921-34), Village Ana, Klin (kuyambira 1934) ndipo, potsiriza, Moscow. Pa moyo wake wonse, wolembayo adatsagana ndi kuyankhulana ndi oimira akuluakulu a chikhalidwe chamakono cha Russia ndi Soviet - olemba A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov, N. Lysenko, N. Cherepnin, M. Steinberg, olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba M. . Gorky, A. Tolstoy, A. Block, Sun. Rozhdestvensky, ojambula A. Benois, M. Dobuzhinsky, B. Kustodiev, wotsogolera N. Akimov ndi ena.

Ntchito za nyimbo za Shaporin, zomwe zinayamba ku Glukhov, zinapitirira ku Kyiv ndi Petrograd. Wopeka wamtsogolo ankakonda kuyimba mu gulu limodzi, mu kwaya, ndipo anayesa dzanja lake polemba. Mu 1912, motsatira uphungu wa A. Glazunov ndi S. Taneyev, iye analowa m’kalasi lolemba nyimbo la St. Petersburg Conservatory, limene anamaliza kokha mu 1918 chifukwa cha usilikali. Izi zinali zaka zomwe luso la Soviet linayamba kupanga. Panthawi imeneyi, Shaporin anayamba kugwira ntchito m'dera limodzi lofunika kwambiri - ntchito za wolembayo kwa zaka zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kubadwa ndi mapangidwe a zisudzo zachichepere za Soviet. Anagwira ntchito ku Bolshoi Drama Theatre ya Petrograd, pa Drama Theatre ya Petrozavodsk, ku Leningrad Drama Theatre, kenako anayenera kugwirizanitsa ndi zisudzo ku Moscow (wotchedwa E. Vakhtangov, Central Children's Theatre, Moscow Art Theatre, Maly). Anayenera kuyang'anira gawo la nyimbo, khalidwe, komanso, kulemba nyimbo zowonetserako (20), kuphatikizapo "King Lear", "Much Ado About Nothing" ndi "Comedy of Errors" ndi W. Shakespeare, "Robbers" lolemba F. Schiller, "The Marriage of Figaro" lolemba P. Beaumarchais, "Tartuffe" lolemba JB Moliere, "Boris Godunov" lolemba Pushkin, "Aristocrats" lolemba N. Pogodin, etc. Pambuyo pake, zomwe zinachitikira zaka izi zinali zothandiza kwa Shaporin pamene kupanga nyimbo mafilimu ("Nyimbo zitatu za Lenin", "Minin ndi Pozharsky", "Suvorov", "Kutuzov", etc.). Kuchokera mu nyimbo za sewero la "Blokha" (malinga ndi N. Leskov), mu 1928, "Joke Suite" inapangidwira gulu lachilendo (mphepo, domra, ma accordions, piyano ndi zida zoimbira) - "stylization of chotchedwa chotchuka chosindikizira”, malinga ndi wolemba mwiniwakeyo.

Mu 20s. Shaporin amapanganso 2 sonatas ya piyano, symphony ya orchestra ndi kwaya, zokonda pa mavesi a F. Tyutchev, amagwira ntchito ngati mawu ndi oimba, kwaya za gulu lankhondo. Mutu wa nyimbo za Symphony ndiwowonetsa. Ichi ndi chinsalu chachikulu, chachikulu kwambiri choperekedwa ku mutu wa Revolution, udindo wa ojambula mu nthawi ya zoopsa za mbiri yakale. Kuphatikiza mitu yanyimbo yamasiku ano ("Yablochko", "March of Budyonny") ndi chilankhulo choyimba chofanana ndi chapamwamba cha ku Russia, Shaporin, m'buku lake lalikulu loyamba, amabweretsa vuto la kulumikizana ndi kupitiliza kwa malingaliro, zithunzi, ndi chilankhulo cha nyimbo. .

Zaka za m'ma 30 zinakhala zopindulitsa kwa woimbayo, pamene chikondi chake chabwino chinalembedwa, ntchito inayamba pa opera "Decembrists". Luso lapamwamba, khalidwe la Shaporin, kusakanikirana kwa epic ndi nyimbo zinayamba kuonekera mu imodzi mwa ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri - symphony-cantata "Pa Kulikovo Field" (pa mzere wa A. Blok, 1939). Wolembayo amasankha kusintha kwa mbiri ya ku Russia, mbiri yake yakale, monga mutu wa nyimbo yake, ndipo amatsogolera cantata ndi epigraphs 2 kuchokera m'mabuku a wolemba mbiri V. Klyuchevsky: "A Russia, atasiya kuukira kwa a Mongol; anapulumutsa chitukuko cha ku Ulaya. Dziko la Russia silinabadwe mu chifuwa cha Ivan Kalita, koma pamunda wa Kulikovo. Nyimbo za cantata ndizodzaza ndi moyo, kuyenda, komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana amunthu. Mfundo za Symphonic zikuphatikizidwa pano ndi mfundo za masewero olimbitsa thupi.

Opera yokha ya wolembayo, The Decembrists (lib. Vs. Rozhdestvensky yochokera ku AN Tolstoy, 1953), imaperekedwanso ku mutu wa mbiri yakale ndi kusintha. Zithunzi zoyamba za opera yam'tsogolo zidawonekera kale mu 1925 - ndiye Shaporin adaganiza kuti operayo ndi ntchito yanyimbo yoperekedwa ku tsogolo la Decembrist Annenkov ndi wokondedwa wake Polina Goble. Chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali komanso yolimba pa libretto, zokambirana zobwerezabwereza za akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi oimba, mutu wanyimbowo unasiyidwa kumbuyo, ndipo zolinga za ngwazi-zochititsa chidwi komanso zokonda dziko lapansi zidakhala zazikulu.

Panthawi yonse ya ntchito yake, Shaporin analemba nyimbo za nyimbo za chipinda. Zokonda zake zikuphatikizidwa mu thumba la golide la nyimbo za Soviet. Kufulumira kwa mawu anyimbo, kukongola kwakumverera kwakukulu kwaumunthu, sewero lenileni, chiyambi ndi chilengedwe cha kuwerenga momveka kwa vesilo, pulasitiki ya nyimbo, kusiyanasiyana ndi kulemera kwa piyano, kukwanira ndi kukhulupirika kwa mawonekedwe amasiyanitsa zachikondi zabwino kwambiri za wolemba, zomwe ndi zachikondi kwa mavesi a F. Tyutchev ("Mukulankhula chiyani za kulira, mphepo yausiku", "ndakatulo", kuzungulira "Memory of the heart"), ma elegies asanu ndi atatu pa ndakatulo za alakatuli aku Russia, Zisanu zachikondi pa ndakatulo za A. Pushkin (kuphatikizapo chikondi chodziwika kwambiri cha wolemba nyimbo "Spell"), kuzungulira "Distant Youth" pa ndakatulo za A. Blok.

Pa moyo wake wonse, Shaporin anachita ntchito zambiri zamagulu, nyimbo ndi maphunziro; adawonekera m'manyuzipepala ngati wotsutsa. Kuyambira 1939 mpaka masiku otsiriza a moyo wake, iye anaphunzitsa kalasi yolemba ndi zida pa Moscow Conservatory. Luso labwino kwambiri, nzeru ndi luso la mphunzitsiyo zinamupangitsa kuti alere oimba osiyanasiyana monga R. Shchedrin, E. Svetlanov, N. Sidelnikov, A. Flyarkovsky. G. Zhubanova, Ya. Yakhin ndi ena.

Luso la Shaporin, wojambula weniweni waku Russia, nthawi zonse amakhala wofunikira komanso wowoneka bwino. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, munthawi yovuta pakupanga zaluso zanyimbo, miyambo yakale ikagwa, mayendedwe osawerengeka amakono anali kupangidwa, adatha kuyankhula zakusintha kwatsopano m'chilankhulo chomveka komanso chofunikira kwambiri. Iye anali wonyamula miyambo olemera ndi yotheka luso Russian nyimbo ndipo anatha kupeza mawu ake, "Shaporin note", zomwe zimapangitsa nyimbo zake kudziwika ndi kukondedwa ndi omvera.

V. Bazarnova