Zither: kufotokoza kwa chida, chiyambi, mitundu, momwe kusewera

Zither ndi chida choimbira cha zingwe. M'mbiri yake, zither yakhala imodzi mwa zida zodziwika kwambiri ku Ulaya ndipo yalowa mu chikhalidwe cha mayiko ambiri.

ndizosowa

Mtundu - chingwe chodulidwa. Gulu - chordophone. Chordophone ndi chida chokhala ndi thupi pomwe zingwe zingapo zimatambasulidwa pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso lizigwedezeka.

Chingwecho chimaseweredwa ndi zala, kuzula ndi kudulira zingwe. Manja onse awiri akukhudzidwa. Dzanja lamanzere limayang'anira kutsagana ndi chord. Mkhalapakati amaikidwa pa chala chachikulu cha dzanja lamanja. Zala 2 zoyamba ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutsagana ndi mabasi. Chala chachitatu ndi cha bass awiri. Thupi limayikidwa patebulo kapena kuyika pa mawondo anu.

Mitundu yamakonsati imakhala ndi zingwe 12-50. Pakhoza kukhala zambiri malinga ndi mapangidwe.

Chiyambi cha chida

Dzina lachijeremani "zither" limachokera ku liwu lachilatini "cythara". Mawu achilatini ndi dzina la gulu la zingwe zoimba nyimbo zakale. M'mabuku aku Germany azaka za zana la XNUMX ndi XNUMX, palinso mtundu wina wa "cittern", wopangidwa kuchokera ku "kithara" - chordophone yakale yachi Greek.

Chida chakale kwambiri chodziwika kuchokera ku banja la zither ndi Chinese qixianqin. Chordophone yopanda nkhawa idapezeka m'manda a Prince Yi, omangidwa mu 433 BC.

Ma chordophone ogwirizana adapezeka ku Asia konse. Zitsanzo: Japan koto, Middle East kanun, Indonesian Playlan.

Anthu a ku Ulaya anayamba kupanga matembenuzidwe awo a ku Asia, chifukwa chake, zither zinawonekera. Inakhala chida chodziwika bwino cha anthu m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX Bavaria ndi Austria.

The Viennese zitherist Johann Petzmayer amadziwika kuti ndi woimba wa virtuoso. Olemba mbiri amayamikira Petzmaier pofalitsa chordophone yaku Germany pakugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba.

Mu 1838, Nikolaus Wiegel wochokera ku Munich adanenanso kuti mapangidwe apangidwe. Lingaliro linali kukhazikitsa milatho yokhazikika, zingwe zowonjezera, chromatic frets. Lingalirolo silinapeze chithandizo mpaka 1862. Kenako katswiri wa lute wochokera ku Germany, Max Amberger, adapanga chida chopangidwa ndi Vigel. Chifukwa chake chordophone idapeza mawonekedwe ake.

Mitundu ya zithers

Zither ya konsati ili ndi zingwe 29-38. Nambala yodziwika kwambiri ndi 34-35. Dongosolo la makonzedwe awo: 4 nyimbo zoyimba pamwamba pa ma frets, 12 osadandaula otsagana, 12 opanda ma bass, 5-6 awiri mabass.

Alpine zither ili ndi zingwe 42. Kusiyana kwake ndi thupi lalikulu lothandizira ma bass awiri otalikirapo komanso makina osinthira. Mtundu wa Alpine umamveka mofanana ndi mtundu wa konsati. Mitundu yaposachedwa yazaka za XNUMX-XNUMX idatchedwa "zeze za zither". Chifukwa chake ndi gawo lowonjezera, lomwe limapangitsa chidacho kukhala ngati zeze. Mu mtundu uwu, mabasi awiri owonjezera amayikidwa mofananira ndi ena onse.

Mtundu wokonzedwanso wa alpine wapangidwa kuti uzipereka mtundu watsopano wa Play. Zingwezo zimatseguka ngati zeze.

Opanga amakono amapanganso masinthidwe osavuta. Chifukwa chake ndikuti ndizovuta kwa amateurs kusewera pamitundu yodzaza. M'matembenuzidwe oterowo makiyi ndi makina opangira ma chords amawonjezedwa.

Pali 2 zodziwika bwino za zither zamakono: Munich ndi Venetian. Osewera ena amagwiritsa ntchito kukonza kwa Venetian pazingwe zophwanyika, Munich ikukonzekera zingwe zopanda vuto. Kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa Venetian kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zokhala ndi zingwe 38 kapena zochepa.