Pafupifupi mitundu itatu yayikulu

Mukudziwa kale kuti nthawi zambiri nyimbo zimalembedwa m'njira zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi mitundu itatu - sikelo yachilengedwe, sikelo ya harmonic ndi sikelo ya nyimbo. Palibe choyipa kumbuyo kwa mayina awa: maziko ndi ofanana kwa onse, pokhapokha mumayendedwe akulu kapena ang'onoang'ono (VI ndi VII) akusintha. Adzakwera m’kamwana kakang’ono, ndipo pamlingo waukulu adzatsika.

Mitundu itatu yayikulu: yoyamba - yachilengedwe

Zachilengedwe zazikulu - ichi ndi sikelo yayikulu wamba yokhala ndi zizindikilo zake zazikulu, ngati zilipo, zowona, komanso popanda zizindikiritso zilizonse zosintha. Mwa mitundu itatu yayikulu, iyi imapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa ina muzoimbaimba.

Sikelo yayikulu idakhazikitsidwa panjira yodziwika bwino ya kutsatizana kwa matani athunthu ndi ma semitones: TT-PT-TTT-PT. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za izi apa.

Yang'anani zitsanzo za masikelo akuluakulu angapo osavuta m'mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe: C yayikulu yachilengedwe, sikelo yayikulu ya G m'mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe, ndi kukula kwa kiyi ya F yachilengedwe:

3 mitundu yayikulu: yachiwiri ndi ya harmonic

Harmonic wamkulu - ichi ndi chachikulu chokhala ndi digiri yachisanu ndi chimodzi (VIb). Gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzili limatsitsidwa kuti likhale pafupi ndi lachisanu. Digiri yachisanu ndi chimodzi yotsika pamamvekedwe akuluakulu osangalatsa kwambiri - ikuwoneka ngati "yocheperako", ndipo mawonekedwe amakhala ofatsa, amapeza mithunzi yakum'mawa.

Izi ndi momwe masikelo akulu amtundu wa makiyi omwe adawonetsedwa kale C, G wamkulu ndi F wamkulu amawonekera.

Mu C yayikulu, A-flat adawonekera - chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa digiri yachisanu ndi chimodzi yachilengedwe, yomwe idakhala ya harmonic. Mu G chachikulu chikwangwani E-flat chimawonekera, ndipo F chachikulu - D-flat.

Mitundu itatu yayikulu: yachitatu - nyimbo

Monga momwe zilili zazing'ono za melodic, mu zazikulu zamitundu yofanana, masitepe awiri amasintha nthawi imodzi - VI ndi VII, zonse pano ndizosiyana. Choyamba, mawu awiriwa samawuka, ngati zazing'ono, koma kugwa. Kachiwiri, sasintha pakuyenda m'mwamba, koma panthawi yopita pansi. Komabe, zonse ndi zomveka: mu melodic yaying'ono sikelo amawuka mu gulu kukwera, ndipo mu sikelo yaying'ono melodic amachepetsa kutsika. Zikuwoneka kuti izi ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti chifukwa cha kutsika kwa gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi, mitundu yonse ya nthawi zosangalatsa imatha kupanga pakati pa siteji iyi ndi phokoso lina - kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa. Izi zitha kukhala ma tritones kapena magawo ena - ndikupangira kuti muyang'ane izi.

Melodic wamkulu - ichi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chomwe, ndi kayendetsedwe kokwera, chiwerengero cha chilengedwe chikuseweredwa, ndipo ndi kutsika pansi, masitepe awiri amatsitsidwa - chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri (VIb ndi VIIb).

Zitsanzo zamawu amtundu wanyimbo - makiyi C zazikulu, G zazikulu ndi F zazikulu:

Mu melodic C yaikulu, ma flats awiri "mwangozi" amawoneka mumayendedwe otsika - B-flat ndi A-flat. Mu G lalikulu la mawonekedwe a melodic, F-sharp imachotsedwa koyamba (digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri imatsitsidwa), ndiyeno lathyathyathya likuwonekera pamaso pa cholemba E (digiri yachisanu ndi chimodzi imatsitsidwa). Mu melodic F yaikulu, ma flats awiri amawonekera: E-flat ndi D-flat.

Ndipo nthawi inanso…

Choncho alipo mitundu itatu yayikulu. Icho achilengedwe (zosavuta), zachuma (ndi gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi lochepetsedwa) ndi nyimbo (momwe mukamakwera m'mwamba muyenera kusewera / kuyimba masikelo achilengedwe, ndipo mukasunthira pansi muyenera kutsitsa madigiri achisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi).

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