Masitepe akuluakulu amachitidwe: tonic, subdominant ndi olamulira

Pali masitepe atatu apadera mu sikelo yayikulu kapena yaying'ono - yoyamba, yachinayi ndi yachisanu. Masitepewa amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo amatchulidwanso mwapadera: choyamba chimatchedwa tonic, chachinayi ndi chachikulu, ndipo chachisanu ndi chachikulu.

Mwachidule, masitepewa amafupikitsidwa ndi zilembo zazikulu T, S ndi D. Pang'onoting'ono, amalembedwa ndi zilembo zomwezo, zochepa chabe, zazing'ono: t, s ndi d.

Mwachitsanzo, mu kiyi ya C yaikulu, masitepe akuluakulu oterowo adzakhala mawu akuti DO (tonic), FA (subdominant) ndi SALT (yolamulira). Mu kiyi ya D yaying'ono, tonic ndi phokoso RE, subdominant ndi phokoso S, ndipo lalikulu ndi phokoso LA.

ZOCHITA: Dziwani masitepe akuluakulu mu makiyi A zazikulu, B-flat yaikulu, E yaying'ono, F yaying'ono. Musaiwale kuti fungulo lirilonse liri ndi zizindikiro zake zazikulu - zowomba ndi zowonongeka, ndipo ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamatchula phokoso logwirizana ndi digiri yomwe mukufuna.

N’cifukwa ciani masitepe amenewa amachedwa kuti ndiyo ikuluikulu?

Mawu omveka amagawika, titero kunena kwake, m’magulu atatu, kapena, kunena mwanjira ina, amagawidwa m’magulu atatu. Gulu lililonse la zomveka limagwira ntchito yake yodziwika bwino, ndiko kuti, gawo pakupanga nyimbo.

Tonic, subdominent ndi olamulira ndi "atsogoleri" kapena "akaputeni" a magulu atatuwa. Titha kuzindikira mamembala onse a gulu lirilonse mosavuta ngati tipanga katatu pa masitepe akuluakulu - yoyamba, yachinayi kapena yachisanu.

Ngati, mwachitsanzo, timapanga katatu komwe tikufuna mu C yaikulu, tidzapeza zotsatirazi: katatu kuchokera ku tonic - DO, MI, SOL; atatu kuchokera ku subdominant - FA, LA, DO; atatu kuchokera ku wamkulu - SOL, SI, RE. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe zidaphatikizidwa mu gulu lililonse.

Choncho, tonic "timu" kapena, molondola, gulu tonic limaphatikizapo sitepe yoyamba, yachitatu ndi yachisanu. Mutha kukumbukira kuti masitepewa amatchedwanso masitepe okhazikika ndipo palimodzi amapanga tonic triad.

Mu gulu laling'ono kapena gulu locheperapo panali masitepe otere: chachinayi, chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi choyamba. Utatu umenewu udzatchedwa subdominant. Mwa njira, mwina mwawona kuti sitepe yoyamba ikuphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri nthawi imodzi - mu tonic (iye ndiye mtsogoleri pamenepo) ndi wocheperapo. Izi siziyenera kukhala zodabwitsa, siteji iyi ndi yachiwiri (yapawiri), ndiko kuti, imatha kusinthana kusewera gawo limodzi kapena imzake, malingana ndi malo omwe ali.

Tiphatikiza masitepe achisanu, chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi achiwiri mu gulu lalikulu. Utatu wa lamuloli umatchedwanso kuti utatu waukulu. Ndipo ilinso ndi sitepe yosagwirizana - yachisanu, ndiko kuti, yolamulira yokha, yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito mu gulu lake ndikuthandizira tonic, malingana ndi zomwe wolembayo akulembera.

Utatu pamasitepe akuluakulu omwe tapanga amatchedwa triads yayikulu yamachitidwe. Iwo ali ndi mawu onse a tonality. Ndipo chinthu china chochititsa chidwi cha iwo ndi chakuti mu makiyi akuluakulu mautatu akuluakulu ndi aakulu, ndiko kuti, zazikulu; m'makiyi ang'onoang'ono ali ang'onoang'ono, ndiko kuti, ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mautatu akulu samangoganizira zamphamvu zazikulu za tonality mwa iwo okha, komanso amawonetsa bwino mawonekedwe ake - zazikulu kapena zazing'ono.

Kodi magulu ndi masitepewa amagwira ntchito zotani?

zimandilimbikitsa imagwira ntchito yokhazikika, bata. Phokoso la Tonic triad ndiloyenera kutsirizitsa nyimbo kapena chidutswa cha chida china. Imeneyi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa popanda izo sitingamvetsetse kuti ntchitoyo yatha, ndipo mapeto afika, tikanakhala motalikirapo mu holo ya konsati, kuyembekezera kupitiriza. Kuphatikiza apo, tonic nthawi zonse imachepetsa kupsinjika komwe kumachokera kuzinthu zina.

Kwa subdominant akhoza kutchedwa injini ya chitukuko cha nyimbo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake nthawi zonse kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyenda, ndi kuchoka kwa tonic. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa makiyi ena, ndiko kuti, ma modulations, amapangidwa kudzera mu subdominant. Kuyenda motsatira phokoso la subdominant kumawonjezera kupsinjika.

Wamkulu - mphamvu yomwe ili yotsutsana ndi olamulira. Amakhalanso wothamanga kwambiri, koma kupsinjika kwake kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa komwe kumayambitsa, kumakulitsa mkhalidwewo kotero kuti "kufunafuna njira yotulutsira" mwachangu, chigamulo chofulumira chikufunika. Choncho, ngati subdominant imatitsogolera kutali ndi tonic nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti wolamulira, m'malo mwake, amatsogolera.

Masitepe enawo amatchedwa chiyani?

Magawo ena onse, omwe sali ogwirizana ndi akuluakulu, amatchedwa achiwiri. Awa ndi mawu achiwiri, achitatu, achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi achisanu ndi chiwiri mu sikelo. Ndipo inde, alinso ndi mayina awo apadera.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi masitepe omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi tonic. Ili ndi lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi lachiwiri. Iwo amatchedwa masitepe oyambira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti iwo ndi osakhazikika, ndipo amakopeka kwambiri ndi tonic, monga lamulo, amathetsedwa mmenemo ndipo motero, titero, amatidziwitsa kumveka kofunikira kwambiri kwa tonality, kukhala ngati woyendetsa. Gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri limatchedwa mawu oyambira otsika, ndipo chachiwiri - choyambirira chapamwamba.

Njira yachitatu ndi yachisanu ndi chimodzi imatchedwa oyimira pakati. Kuchokera ku Chilatini mawu oti "media" amamasuliridwa kuti "pakati". Masitepewa ndi ulalo wapakatikati, pakatikati panjira yochokera ku tonic kupita ku wamkulu kapena ku subdominant. Gawo lachitatu limatchedwa mkhalapakati wapamwamba (lotchedwa M), ndipo lachisanu ndi chimodzi limatchedwa mkhalapakati wapansi kapena submediant (chidule chake ndi Sm).

Kudziwa masitepe akuluakulu ndi ntchito zawo, komanso lingaliro la momwe masitepe am'mbali amamvekera, kumathandiza kwambiri kuyendetsa fungulo - kumva nyimbo zomwe zimamangidwa, nthawi zina mkati mwake, kusankha mwamsanga kutsatizana, kumanga mawu ndi mphamvu. pakuchita ntchito.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuti ndikuwonetseninso kuti masitepe akulu ndi masitepe okhazikika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Masitepe akuluakulu ndi oyamba, achinayi, achisanu, ndipo okhazikika ndi oyamba, achitatu ndi achisanu. Yesetsani kuti musawasokoneze!

Kanema: momwe masitepe akulu amamvekera mu makiyi a C yayikulu ndi A yaying'ono