Kutsatira |

Kuperekeza kwa French, kuchokera kwa wothandizira - kuperekeza; italo. accompagnamento; Chingelezi chothandizira; German Begleitung.

1) Gawo la chida (monga piyano, gitala, ndi zina zotero) kapena zigawo za zida zoimbira (mawu oyimba) zomwe zimatsagana ndi gawo limodzi la woyimba kapena woyimba zida. A. amathandiza woyimba payekha kuchita bwino mbali yake.

2) Chilichonse mu nyimbo. prod., yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati harmonic. ndi rhythmic. kuthandizira kwa liwu lalikulu la melodic. Chigawo cha nyimbo. kuwonetsera kwa nyimbo ndi A. khalidwe la nyimbo za homophonic-harmonic warehouse, mosiyana ndi nyimbo za monophonic ndi polyphonic. Mu orc. nyimbo za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa, kumene nyimbo yotsogolera imadutsa kuchokera ku chida kupita ku chida kapena kuchokera ku gulu la zida kupita ku gulu lina la izo, mapangidwe a mawu omwe akutsatira amasintha nthawi zonse.

Chikhalidwe ndi udindo wa A. zimadalira nthawi, nat. zida za nyimbo ndi kalembedwe kake. Ngakhale kuwomba m'manja kapena kumenya nyimbo ndi phazi lanu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi kusewera kwa nar. nyimbo zitha kuonedwa ngati njira zosavuta za A. (zomveka bwino. A. zilinso zotsagana ndi chida chimodzi choyimba).

Chochitika chofananira chinali kuwirikiza kawiri kwa wok kapena octave. nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi chida chimodzi kapena zingapo, zopezeka mu prof wakale komanso wazaka zapakati. nyimbo, ndipo m'zaka za 15-16. - instr. kuperekeza ku wok. ntchito za polyphonic, mu Art. ulemu ndi wachiwiri komanso wosankha (kuchitidwa ad libitum).

Kumapeto kwa 16 - oyambirira. M'zaka za m'ma 17, kugwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha homophonic harmonic. nyumba yosungiramo katundu, A. imapangidwa masiku ano. kumvetsetsa, kupereka mgwirizano. maziko a nyimbo. Panthawiyo, zinali zachizoloŵezi kulemba mawu apansi a A., kufotokoza mgwirizano mothandizidwa ndi zolemba za digito (bass wamba kapena digito bass). "Kuzindikira" bass digito mu mawonekedwe a nyimbo, mafanizo, etc. anaperekedwa pa nzeru wa woimba, amene ankafuna kwa iye m'maganizo, mphatso ya improvisation, kukoma ndi luso lapadera. luso. Kuyambira nthawi ya J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, A. yalembedwa ndi olemba mokwanira.

Mu instr. ndi wok. nyimbo za m'ma 19 ndi 20. A. nthawi zambiri amachita mawu atsopano. ntchito: "amamaliza" woyimba payekha wosalankhula, amatsindika ndi kuzama maganizo. komanso mochititsa chidwi zomwe zili mu nyimboyo, zimapanga maziko owonetsera ndi zithunzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchokera kumayendedwe osavuta, amasandulika kukhala gawo lofanana la gululo, mwachitsanzo. mu fp. maphwando achikondi ndi nyimbo za F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, X. Wolf, E. Grieg, PI Tchaikovsky. SI Taneyev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, SV Rachmaninov ndi olemba ena.

3) Kuchita kwa nyimbo. operekeza. Funsani A. ndi wojambula. tanthawuzo liri pafupi ndi zomwe zimanenedwa za ensemble performance. Onani Concertmaster.

Zolemba: Kryuchkov HA, Luso lothandizira monga phunziro la phunziro, L., 1961; Shenderovich E., Pa luso la kutsagana, "SM", 1969, No4; Lyublinsky A., Theory and practice of accompaniment, (L.), 1972; Fetis Fr.-J., Traité de l'accompagnement de la partition, P., 1829; Dourlen V. Ch. P., Traité d'accompagnement, P., 1840; Elwart AE, Le chanteuraccompagnateur, P., 1844; Gevaert fr. A., Méthode pour l'enseignement du plain-chant et de la manière de l'accompagner, Gand, 1856; Matthias Fr. X., Historische Entwicklung der Choralbegleitung, Strayab., 1905; Arnold F. Th., Luso lothandizira kuchokera ku thorough-bass, L., 1931, NY, 1965; Moore G., Woyimba ndi wothandizira, L., 1953, rus. pa. m'buku: Performing Arts of Foreign Countries, No. 2, M., 1966.

NP Korykhalova