Kufalitsidwa kwa mutu |
Kusintha mutu - countermovement, inversion (Latin inversio, Italian moto contrario, rovescio, riverso, rivoltato, French reversement, German die Umkehrung, die Gegenbewegung) - polyphonic. njira yosinthira mutu, womwe umaphatikizapo kusewera nthawi zake mosiyana ndi phokoso linalake losasinthika: kusunthira mmwamba kwa mutuwo mu kayendetsedwe kake kakang'ono (lat. motus rectus) mumayendedwe obwerera (lat. contrarius) amafanana ndi kusuntha nthawi yomweyo (ndi mosemphanitsa). Phokoso losasinthika lodziwika bwino pamutuwu mumitundu yayikulu komanso yosinthika imatchedwa axis of reversal; mfundo, siteji iliyonse akhoza kutumikira monga izo. Mu kachitidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono ka tonal, pofuna kusunga kufanana kwa machitidwe onse awiri, digiri yachitatu nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati axis of circulation; mumayendedwe okhwima (zaka 14-16) ndi diatonic yake mwachilengedwe. kutembenuka kwa frets nthawi zambiri kumachitika mozungulira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a katatu, zomwe zimatsimikizira malo omwewo a phokoso la tritone:
JS Bach. Art of the Fugue, Counterpoint XIII.
Palestrina. Canonical Misa, Benedictus.
M'mitu yokhala ndi chroma. O. kuyenda kwa t. ikuchitika m'njira yakuti, ngati n'kotheka, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa nthawizo umasungidwa - izi zimatsimikizira kufanana kwakukulu mu kufotokoza kwa kayendetsedwe kosinthika ndi kolunjika:
JS Bach. The Well-Tempered Clavier, Volume 1, Fugue fis-moll.
Tekinoloje. kuphweka ndi luso. Kuchita bwino kokonzanso mutuwu kudzera m'magawo kumatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi pafupipafupi komanso mosiyanasiyana, makamaka m'mabuku a monothematic. Pali mitundu ya fugue yokhala ndi yankho lotembenuzidwa (German Gegen-Fuge - onani JS Bach, The Art of the Fugue, No 5, 6, 7) ndi canon yokhala ndi inverted rispost (WA Mozart, c-moll quintet, mphindi); pempho limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a fugue (Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. 1, fugue in c-moll); mutu wofalitsidwa ungapereke stretta yokhala ndi mutu wolunjika (Mozart, fugue in g-moll, K.-V. 401); nthawi zina zimangokwanirana (Mozart, fugue c-moll, K.-V., 426). Nthawi zambiri zigawo zazikulu za nyimbo zimatengera O. t. (Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier; vol. 1, fugue G-dur, counter-exposition; 2nd part of the gigue) komanso mitundu yonse (Bach, The Art of Fugue, No 12 , 13; RK Shchedrin, Polyphonic Notebook , No7, 9). Kuphatikiza kwa O. t. ndi njira zina zosinthira ndizofala kwambiri mu nyimbo zazaka za zana la 20. (P. Hindemith, "Ludus tonalis", cf. prelude and postlude), makamaka, olembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongeka (JF Stravinsky, "Agon", Simple branle). Monga njira yosinthira ndi chitukuko, pempholi limagwiritsidwa ntchito osati polyphonic. nyimbo (SS Prokofiev, "Juliet-mtsikana" kuchokera ku ballet "Romeo ndi Juliet"), nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mutu wolunjika mwachindunji (PI Tchaikovsky, 6th symphony, part 2, vol. 17-24; SS Prokofiev, 4th sonata , gawo 2, vol. 25-28).
Zothandizira: Zolotarev VA, Fuga. Buku lothandizira kuphunzira, M., 1932, 1965, gawo 13, Skrebkov SS, Polyphonic analysis, M. - L., 1940, gawo 1, § 4; ake, Buku la polyphony, magawo 1-2, M. - L., 1951, M., 1965, § 11; Taneev SI, Movable counterpoint of hard writing, M., 1959, p. 7-14; Bogatyrev SS, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Grigoriev SS, Muller TF, Buku la polyphony, M., 1961, 1969, § 44; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony monga gawo la mawonekedwe, L., 1962, ch. 3; Yu. N. Tyulin, The Art of Counterpoint, M., 1964, ch. 3.
VP Frayonov
