Alexander Dmitrievich Kastalsky |

Alexander Kastalsky

Wolemba nyimbo waku Russia, wochititsa kwaya, wofufuza za nthano zanyimbo zaku Russia; m'modzi mwa oyambitsa otchedwa. "Malangizo atsopano" mu nyimbo zopatulika za ku Russia zakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19-20. Anabadwa ku Moscow pa November 16 (28), 1856 m'banja la wansembe. Mu 1876-1881 anaphunzira ku Moscow Conservatory, koma anamaliza maphunzirowo patapita zaka zambiri - mu 1893 mu kalasi zikuchokera SI Taneev. Kwa nthawi ndithu anali kuphunzitsa ndi kuchititsa kwaya zosiyanasiyana m’zigawo. Kuyambira 1887 anali mphunzitsi wa limba pa Synodal School of Church Singing, ndiye kumeneko anali wothandizira wotsogolera wa Synodal Choir, kuyambira 1900 anali wotsogolera, kuyambira 1910 anali mtsogoleri wa Synodal School ndi kwaya. Sukuluyo itasinthidwa kukhala People's Choir Academy mu 1918, adayitsogolera mpaka idatsekedwa mu 1923. Kuyambira 1922, adakhala pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory, dean wa dipatimenti yotsogolera ndi kwaya, komanso wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu. . Kastalsky anamwalira ku Moscow pa December 17, 1926.

Kastalsky ndi mlembi wa pafupifupi 200 ntchito zopatulika ndi makonzedwe, amene anapanga maziko a kwaya (ndi pamlingo waukulu konsati) repertoire wa Synodal Choir mu 1900s. Wolembayo anali woyamba kutsimikizira kuti organicity ya kuphatikiza kwa nyimbo zakale zaku Russia ndi njira za polyphony wamba wamba, komanso miyambo yomwe yachitika muzochita za kliros, komanso zomwe zidachitika kusukulu yaku Russia yolemba nyimbo. Nthawi zambiri, Kastalsky amatchedwa "Vasnetsov mu nyimbo", ponena za zojambula za VM Vasnetsov wa Vladimir Cathedral ku Kyiv, zomwe zinabwezeretsanso miyambo ya fresco yaikulu mu chikhalidwe cha dziko: kalembedwe ka nyimbo zopatulika za Kastalsky, kumene mzere pakati makonzedwe (kukonza) kwa nyimbo zachikhalidwe ndi zolemba mu mzimu wawo, zomwe zimazindikirikanso ndi zomveka komanso zokhwima. Monga mkulu wa Sukulu ya Synodal, Kastalsky adasintha kusintha kwake kukhala Academy of Church Music, ndi maphunziro a mapulogalamu omwe anapitirira mlingo wa Conservatory.

Chitsogozo chofunikira cha ntchito yake chinali "kubwezeretsa nyimbo": makamaka, adamanganso sewero lakale lachi Russia "The Cave Action"; mu mkombero "Kuchokera ku Mibadwo Yakale" luso la Kum'maŵa Akale, Hellas, Roma Yakale, Yudeya, Russia, ndi zina zotero zikuwonetsedwa muzithunzi za nyimbo. Kastalsky adapanga chofunikira cha cantata-chofunikira kwa oyimba, kwaya ndi oimba "Kukumbukira Abale Ankhondo Amene Anagwa mu Nkhondo Yaikulu" (1916; pokumbukira asitikali ankhondo ogwirizana nawo Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse mu Chirasha, Chilatini, Chingerezi ndi zolemba zina; kope lachiwiri la kwaya popanda kutsagana - "Kukumbukira Kwamuyaya" ku lemba la Chisilavo la Tchalitchi la mwambo wachikumbutso, 1917). Wolemba nyimbo zopekedwa makamaka za kukhazikitsidwa kwa Patriarch Tikhon pa Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church mu 1917-1918. Zina mwazolemba zakudziko ndi opera ya Klara Milich pambuyo pa Turgenev (1907, yomwe idachitika ku Zimin Opera mu 1916), Nyimbo za Motherland ku mavesi a olemba ndakatulo aku Russia a kwaya osatsagana (1901-1903). Kastalsky ndi mlembi wa ntchito zangopeka za Russian Folk Musical System (1923) ndi Fundamentals of Folk Polyphony (lofalitsidwa mu 1948). Pa ntchito yake, maphunziro a nyimbo wowerengeka anayambitsidwa koyamba pa Synodal School, ndiyeno Moscow Conservatory.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, Kastalsky adayesetsa kwa nthawi ndithu kuti akwaniritse "zofunikira zamakono" ndipo adapanga ntchito zingapo zomwe sizinaphule kanthu kwa kwaya ndi oimba a zida za anthu, "Agricultural Symphony", ndi zina zotero, komanso makonzedwe a Soviet "revolutionary" nyimbo. Kwa nthaŵi yaitali ntchito yake yauzimu inali itaiwalika kotheratu m’dziko lakwawo; Masiku ano, Kastalsky amadziwika kuti ndi katswiri wa "mayendedwe atsopano" a nyimbo za tchalitchi cha Russia.

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