Isaac Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Ndinapereka ntchito yanga kwa achinyamata mpaka kalekale. Ndikhoza kunena mosakokomeza kuti pamene ndilemba nyimbo yatsopano kapena nyimbo ina, m’maganizo nthaŵi zonse ndimalankhula nayo kwa achichepere athu. I. Dunayevsky

Luso lalikulu la Dunayevsky linawululidwa kwambiri pamitundu ya "kuwala". Iye anali mlengi wa latsopano Soviet misa nyimbo, choyambirira jazi nyimbo, nthabwala nyimbo, operetta. Wolembayo adafuna kudzaza mitundu iyi yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi achinyamata ndi kukongola kwenikweni, chisomo chosawoneka bwino, komanso luso lapamwamba laukadaulo.

Cholowa cha Dunaevsky ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Ali ndi ma operetta 14, ma ballet 3, ma cantatas 2, kwaya 80, nyimbo ndi zachikondi 80, nyimbo zamasewera 88 ndi makanema 42, nyimbo 43 za okhestra zosiyanasiyana ndi 12 za oimba a jazi, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic ndi 47 ntchito za piano.

Dunayevsky anabadwira m'banja la wantchito. Nyimbo zinkamuyendera kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Madzulo oimba opangidwa bwino nthawi zambiri ankachitikira m'nyumba ya Dunaevsky, kumene, ndi mpweya wopumira, Isaac wamng'ono analiponso. Lamlungu, kaŵirikaŵiri ankamvetsera oimba m’munda wamaluwa, ndipo akabwerera kunyumba, ankamvetsera nyimbo za maguba ndi waltzes zimene ankazikumbukira. Tchuthi chenicheni kwa mnyamatayo chinali kupita ku zisudzo, kumene masewero achiyukireniya ndi Russian ndi magulu a zisudzo anachita pa ulendo.

Ali ndi zaka 8, Dunaevsky anayamba kuphunzira kuimba violin. Kupambana kwake kunali kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kotero kuti mu 1910 anakhala wophunzira wa Kharkov Musical College m'kalasi ya violin ya Pulofesa K. Gorsky, kenako I. Ahron, woyimba zeze waluntha, mphunzitsi ndi wolemba nyimbo. Dunayevsky nayenso anaphunzira ndi Ahron ku Kharkov Conservatory, komwe anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1919. M'zaka zake zachikale, Dunayevsky analemba zambiri. Mphunzitsi wake wa nyimbo anali S. Bogatyrev.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, mokhudzika kugwa m'chikondi ndi zisudzo, Dunayevsky, mosazengereza, anabwera kwa izo atamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory. “Sinelnikov Drama Theatre moyenerera inalingaliridwa kukhala kunyada kwa Kharkov,” ndipo wotsogolera zaluso wake anali “m’modzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m’bwalo la zisudzo la ku Russia.”

Poyamba, Dunaevsky ankagwira ntchito ngati violinist-accompanist mu oimba, ndiye ngati wotsogolera ndipo, potsiriza, monga mutu wa gawo loimba la zisudzo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye analemba nyimbo zonse zatsopano.

Mu 1924, Dunaevsky anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene kwa zaka zingapo ankagwira ntchito monga wotsogolera nyimbo za Hermitage zosiyanasiyana Theatre. Panthawiyi, akulemba nyimbo zake zoyamba: "Zonse zathu ndi zanu", "Grooms", "Mipeni", "Prime Minister's Career". Koma awa anali masitepe oyamba okha. Zojambula zenizeni za wopeka zidawonekera pambuyo pake.

Chaka cha 1929 chinali chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa moyo wa Dunayevsky. Nyengo yatsopano, yokhwima ya ntchito yake yolenga inayamba, imene inampatsa kutchuka koyenerera. Dunayevsky anaitanidwa ndi wotsogolera nyimbo ku Leningrad Music Hall. "Ndi chithumwa chake, nzeru ndi kuphweka, ndi luso lake lapamwamba, adagonjetsa chikondi chenicheni cha gulu lonse lolenga," anakumbukira wojambula N. Cherkasov.

Mu Leningrad Music Hall, L. Utyosov ankaimba nyimbo za jazi nthawi zonse. Kotero panali msonkhano wa oimba awiri odabwitsa, omwe adasanduka mabwenzi a nthawi yayitali. Dunaevsky nthawi yomweyo anachita chidwi ndi jazi ndipo anayamba kulemba nyimbo kwa gulu Utyosov. Iye analenga rhapsodies pa nyimbo otchuka a oimba Soviet, Russian, Chiyukireniya, mitu Ayuda, jazi zongopeka pa mitu ya nyimbo zake, etc.

Dunayevsky ndi Utyosov nthawi zambiri ankagwira ntchito limodzi. Utyosov analemba kuti: “Ndinkakonda misonkhano imeneyi. - "Ndinachita chidwi kwambiri ndi Dunaevsky chifukwa chotha kudzipereka panyimbo, osazindikira zomwe zikuchitika."

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30. Dunayevsky amatembenukira ku nyimbo zamafilimu. Amakhala mlengi wa mtundu watsopano - sewero lamasewera lanyimbo. Nthawi yatsopano, yowala pakukula kwa nyimbo ya Soviet mass, yomwe idalowa m'moyo kuchokera pazenera la kanema, imalumikizidwanso ndi dzina lake.

Mu 1934 filimu "Merry Fellows" anaonekera pa zowonetsera dziko ndi nyimbo Dunaevsky. Filimuyi inalandiridwa mwachidwi ndi anthu ambiri. "March of the Merry Guys" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) adayendayenda m'dziko lonselo, adazungulira dziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala imodzi mwa nyimbo zachinyamata zapadziko lonse za nthawi yathu. Ndipo wotchuka "Kakhovka" mu filimu "Anthu Atatu" (1935, Art. M. Svetlova)! Inayimbidwa mosangalala ndi achinyamata m’zaka zomanga mwamtendere. Inalinso yotchuka pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi. The Song of the Motherland kuchokera ku filimu ya Circus (1936, zojambula za V. Lebedev-Kumach) zinapambananso kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Dunayevsky analembanso nyimbo zambiri zodabwitsa za mafilimu ena: "Ana a Captain Grant", "Ofunafuna Chimwemwe", "Goalkeeper", "Rich Mkwatibwi", "Volga-Volga", "Bright Path", "Kuban Cossacks".

Pochita chidwi ndi ntchito ya kanema, kupanga nyimbo zodziwika bwino, Dunaevsky sanatembenukire ku operetta kwa zaka zingapo. Anabwerera kumtundu wake womwe ankakonda kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30. kale mbuye wokhwima.

Pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse, Dunayevsky adatsogolera nyimbo ndi kuvina kwa Central House of Culture of Railway Workers. Kulikonse komwe gululi lidachita - m'chigawo cha Volga, ku Central Asia, ku Far East, ku Urals ndi ku Siberia, kupatsa mphamvu ogwira ntchito kunyumba, chidaliro cha kupambana kwa Soviet Army pa adani. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Dunayevsky analemba molimba mtima, nyimbo zankhanza, amene anatchuka kutsogolo.

Pomalizira pake, nkhondo yomalizira inamveka. Dzikolo linali kuchiritsa mabala ake. Ndipo Kumadzulo, kununkhira kwa mfuti kachiwiri.

M’zaka zimenezi, kulimbana kwa mtendere kwakhala cholinga chachikulu cha anthu onse a chifuniro chabwino. Dunayevsky, monga ojambula ena ambiri, anali nawo polimbana ndi mtendere. Pa August 29, 1947, operetta yake ya "Mphepo Yaulere" inachitikira bwino kwambiri ku Moscow Operetta Theatre. Mutu wa kulimbana kwa mtendere ukuphatikizidwanso mu filimu yojambula ndi nyimbo za Dunaevsky "Ndife amtendere" (1951). Nyimbo yanyimbo yodabwitsa kuchokera mufilimuyi, "Fly, nkhunda," idatchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Inakhala chizindikiro cha VI World Youth Festival ku Moscow.

Ntchito yomaliza ya Dunaevsky, operetta White Acacia (1955), ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha operetta yanyimbo yaku Soviet. Ndichisangalalo chotani nanga wolembayo analemba "nyimbo yake ya swan", yomwe sanafunikirepo "kuyimba"! Imfa inamugwetsa pansi mkati mwa ntchito yake. Wolemba K. Molchanov anamaliza operetta malinga ndi zojambula zomwe Dunayevsky anasiya.

Kuyamba kwa "White Acacia" kunachitika pa November 15, 1955 ku Moscow. Idakonzedwa ndi Odessa Theatre ya Musical Comedy. "Ndipo ndizomvetsa chisoni kuganiza," adalemba motero mkulu wa zisudzo I. Grinshpun, "kuti Isaak Osipovich sanawone White Acacia pa siteji, sangakhale umboni wa chisangalalo chomwe adapatsa onse ochita zisudzo komanso omvera. … Koma iye anali wojambula chimwemwe chaumunthu!

M. Komissarskaya

Zolemba:

ballet – Rest of a Faun (1924), ana ballet Murzilka (1924), City (1924), Ballet Suite (1929); alireza - Onse athu ndi anu (1924, post. 1927, Moscow Theatre of Musical Buffoonery), Bridegrooms (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Straw Hat (1927, Musical Theatre dzina la VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; kope lachiwiri. 2, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Mipeni (1938, Moscow Satire Theatre), Premiere Career (1928, Tashkent Operetta Theatre), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Miliyoni Torments (1929, ibid. ), Golden Valley (1932, ibid.; kope lachiwiri 1938, ibid.), Roads to Happiness (2, Leningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy), Free Wind (1955, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Mwana wa Clown (dzina loyambirira . - The Flying Clown, 1941, ibid ), White Acacia (choyimbira cha G. Cherny, ikani nambala ya ballet "Palmushka" ndi nyimbo ya Larisa mumasewero a 1947 adalembedwa ndi KB Molchanov pamitu ya Dunaevsky; 1960, ibid.); cantatas - Tidzabwera (1945), Leningrad, tili ndi inu (1945); nyimbo za mafilimu - Gulu loyamba (1933), wobadwa kawiri (1934), Merry guys (1934), magetsi agolide (1934), abwenzi atatu (1935), Njira ya ngalawa (1935), Mwana wamkazi wa Motherland (1936), M'bale (1936), Circus (1936), Mtsikana Wofulumira Patsiku (1936), Ana a Captain Grant (1936), Ofunafuna Chimwemwe (1936), Fair Wind (ndi BM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), Beethoven Concerto (1937), Mkwatibwi Wolemera (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Bright Way (1940), Chikondi Changa (1940), Nyumba Yatsopano (1946), Spring (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , Concert ya Mashenka (1949), Ndife a dziko (1951), Winged Defense (1953), Substitute (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Test of Loyalty (1954); nyimbo, kuphatikizapo. Far Path (nyimbo zolembedwa ndi EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Heroes of Khasan (nyimbo za VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), On the enemy, for the Motherland, forward (nyimbo za Lebedev-Kumach, 1941), My Moscow (nyimbo ndi Lisyansky ndi S. Agranyan, 1942), Military March of the Railway Workers (nyimbo za SA Vasiliev, 1944), ndinachoka ku Berlin (nyimbo za LI Oshanin, 1945), Nyimbo yonena za Moscow (nyimbo za B. Vinnikov, 1946) , Ways -roads (nyimbo za S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), Ndine mayi wachikulire wochokera ku Rouen (nyimbo za G. Rublev, 1949), Nyimbo ya achinyamata (nyimbo za ML Matusovsky, 1951), School waltz (nyimbo. Matusovsky , 1952), Waltz Evening (nyimbo za Matusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (nyimbo za Matusovsky, 1954) ndi ena; nyimbo za sewero, mawayilesi; nyimbo zapop, kuphatikizapo. masewero a jazi owonetserako Music Store (1932), etc.