Alexander Lvovich Gurilyov |

Alexander Gurilyov

A. Gurilev adalowa m'mbiri ya nyimbo za ku Russia monga mlembi wa chikondi chodabwitsa cha nyimbo. Iye anali mwana wa wolemba nyimbo wotchuka L. Gurilev, woimba nyimbo za serf Count V. Orlov. Bambo anga ankatsogolera gulu la oimba a serf m’dera lawo la Otrada pafupi ndi Moscow, ndipo ankaphunzitsa m’masukulu a maphunziro a akazi ku Moscow. Anasiya cholowa cholimba cha nyimbo: nyimbo za piyanoforte, zomwe zinagwira ntchito yodziwika bwino mu luso la limba la Russia, ndi nyimbo zopatulika za kwaya cappella.

Alexander Lvovich anabadwira ku Moscow. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo motsogoleredwa ndi bambo ake. Kenaka adaphunzira ndi aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri a ku Moscow - J. Field ndi I. Genishta, yemwe ankaphunzitsa piyano ndi chiphunzitso cha nyimbo m'banja la Orlov. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Gurilev ankaimba violin ndi viola mu oimba owerengeka, ndipo kenako anakhala membala wa quartet wa wotchuka nyimbo wokonda, Prince N. Golitsyn. Ubwana ndi unyamata wa wopeka tsogolo anadutsa mu zovuta za moyo manor serf. Mu 1831, pambuyo pa imfa ya chiwerengero, banja Gurilev analandira ufulu ndipo anapatsidwa kalasi ya amisiri wamng'ono-bourgeois, anakakhala ku Moscow.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, A. Gurilev akuyamba kupeka ntchito, yomwe inali pamodzi ndi zisudzo mu zoimbaimba ndi ntchito yaikulu yophunzitsa. Posakhalitsa nyimbo zake - makamaka zoimba - zimatchuka pakati pa zigawo zazikulu za anthu akumidzi. Zokonda zake zambiri kwenikweni "pitani kwa anthu", zomwe zimachitidwa osati ndi amateurs ambiri, komanso makwaya achigypsy. Gurilev akupeza kutchuka monga mphunzitsi wotchuka wa piyano. Komabe, kutchukako sikunapulumutse woimbayo ku chosowa chankhanza chimene chinamupondereza m’moyo wake wonse. Pofunafuna ndalama, adakakamizika kuchita nawo ngakhale kuwongolera nyimbo. Zovuta za kukhalapo zidathyola woimbayo ndikumupangitsa kudwala kwambiri m'maganizo.

Cholowa cha Gurilev monga wolemba nyimbo chimakhala ndi zokonda zambiri, makonzedwe a nyimbo zachi Russia ndi zidutswa za piyano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyimbo za mawu ndizo gawo lalikulu lachidziwitso. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha iwo sichidziwika, koma 90 zokha zachikondi ndi 47 zosinthidwa zinasindikizidwa, zomwe zinapanga gulu la "Selected Folk Songs", lofalitsidwa mu 1849. Mitundu ya mawu omwe ankakonda kwambiri wolembayo anali chikondi chapamwamba ndiyeno chikondi chodziwika bwino mu kalembedwe kameneka. "Nyimbo yaku Russia". Kusiyanitsa pakati pawo kuli kogwirizana kwambiri, chifukwa nyimbo za Gurilev, ngakhale kuti zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi miyambo ya anthu, zili pafupi kwambiri ndi chikondi chake pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maonekedwe ndi nyimbo zawo. Ndipo nyimbo yanyimbo zanyimbo zenizeni zimadzazidwa ndi nyimbo yaku Russia yokha. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imayang'aniridwa ndi malingaliro a chikondi chosayenerera kapena chotayika, kulakalaka kusungulumwa, kuyesetsa kusangalala, malingaliro achisoni pa gawo la akazi.

Pamodzi ndi wowerengeka nyimbo, ponseponse m'madera osiyanasiyana m'tauni, ntchito ya wodabwitsa m'nthawi yake ndi bwenzi, wolemba A. Varlamov, anakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe Gurilev kalembedwe mawu. Mayina a olemba awa akhala akugwirizana kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyimbo za ku Russia monga oyambitsa chikondi cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha ku Russia. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zolemba za Gurilev zili ndi mawonekedwe awoawo. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwakukulu, kulingalira komvetsa chisoni, ndi kuyandikira kwakuya kwa mawuwo. Mikhalidwe yachisoni chopanda chiyembekezo, chikhumbo chofuna chimwemwe, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ntchito ya Gurilev, chinali chogwirizana ndi maganizo a anthu ambiri a 30s ndi 40s. zaka zapitazo. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri awo aluso anali Lermontov. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti Gurilev anali mmodzi wa omasulira woyamba ndi tcheru wa ndakatulo zake. Mpaka lero, chikondi cha Lermontov ndi Gurilev "Zosasangalatsa ndi zachisoni", "Kulungamitsidwa" ( "Pamene pali zokumbukira"), "Mu nthawi yovuta ya moyo" sanataye luso lawo laluso. Ndizofunikira kuti ntchito izi zimasiyana ndi zina mwanjira yomvetsa chisoni yobwerezabwereza, kubisalira kwa limba la piano ndikuyandikira mtundu wanyimbo zanyimbo zochititsa chidwi, m'njira zambiri zomwe zikufanana ndi kusaka kwa A. Dargomyzhsky.

Kuwerenga kochititsa chidwi kwa ndakatulo za nyimbo zamatsenga ndi khalidwe la Gurilev, mlembi wa chikondi chokondedwa mpaka pano, "Kupatukana", "Ring" (pa siteshoni ya A. Koltsov), "Mtsikana wosauka" (pa siteshoni ya I. Aksakov), "Ndinayankhula pakulekanitsa ”(pankhani ya A. Fet), etc. Nthawi zambiri, mawu ake amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi otchedwa "Russian bel canto", momwe maziko ofotokozera ndi nyimbo yosinthika, yomwe ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe. wa nyimbo zaku Russia komanso cantilena waku Italy.

Malo akuluakulu mu ntchito ya Gurilev amakhalanso ndi njira zowonetsera zomwe zimachitika mumasewero a oimba a gypsy omwe anali otchuka kwambiri panthawiyo. Amatchulidwa makamaka mu nyimbo za "zolimba mtima, zamphamvu" mu mzimu wa kuvina kwachikale, monga "Nyimbo ya Coachman" ndi "Will I Greeve". Zambiri zachikondi za Gurilev zinalembedwa mumayendedwe a waltz, omwe anali ofala kwambiri m'moyo wa m'tawuni nthawi imeneyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyenda kosalala kwa magawo atatu a waltz kumagwirizana ndi mita yokha ya Russia, yotchedwa. ma syllable asanu, omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi ndakatulo zamtundu wa "nyimbo yaku Russia". Izi ndizo zachikondi "Chisoni cha Atsikana", "Musapangitse phokoso, rye", "Nyumba Yaing'ono", "Mbalame yamapiko a buluu ikugwedezeka", "Bell" wotchuka ndi ena.

Ntchito ya piyano ya Gurilev imaphatikizapo zovina zazing'ono komanso zozungulira zosiyanasiyana. Zakale ndi zidutswa zosavuta kupanga nyimbo za amateur mumtundu wa waltz, mazurka, polka ndi zovina zina zotchuka. Kusiyana kwa Gurilev ndi gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa piyano yaku Russia. Pakati pawo, pamodzi ndi zidutswa pamitu ya nyimbo zachi Russia za chikhalidwe chophunzitsira ndi chophunzitsira, pali kusiyana kodabwitsa kwa nyimbo za oimba a ku Russia - A. Alyabyev, A. Varlamov ndi M. Glinka. Ntchito izi, zomwe kusiyanasiyana kwa mutu wa tercet kuchokera ku opera "Ivan Susanin" ("Musataye mtima, wokondedwa") komanso pamutu wa chikondi cha Varlamov "Musamudzutse M'bandakucha", ndizodziwika kwambiri. kuyandikira mtundu wachikondi wa virtuoso-concert transcription. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha piyano, chomwe chimalola ofufuza amakono kuti aganizire Gurilev "mbuye wabwino kwambiri wa talente, yemwe anatha kupyola luso ndi masomphenya a Sukulu ya Field yomwe inamulera."

Makhalidwe a kalembedwe ka mawu a Gurilev adasinthidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana m'mabuku a olemba ambiri a Russian tsiku ndi tsiku - P. Bulakhov, A. Dubuc ndi ena. kukhazikitsidwa kokonzedwa bwino mu luso la chipinda cha oimba odziwika bwino aku Russia komanso, choyamba, P. Tchaikovsky.

T. Korzhenyants