Alexey Machavariani |

Alexey Machavariani

Machavariani ndi wolemba nyimbo wadziko modabwitsa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ili ndi malingaliro akuthwa amakono. … Machavariani amatha kukwaniritsa maphatikizidwe organic zinachitikira dziko ndi achilendo nyimbo. K. Karaev

A. Machavariani ndi m'modzi mwa olemba nyimbo otchuka kwambiri ku Georgia. Kukula kwa luso lanyimbo la Republic kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi dzina la wojambula uyu. Mu ntchito yake, olemekezeka ndi kukongola kwakukulu kwa polyphony wowerengeka, nyimbo zakale za Chijojiya ndi kukhwima, kusasunthika kwa njira zamakono zoimbira nyimbo zinaphatikizidwa.

Machavariani anabadwira ku Gori. Apa panali Seminary yotchuka ya Aphunzitsi a Gori, yomwe inathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha maphunziro ku Transcaucasia (olemba U. Gadzhibekov ndi M. Magomayev anaphunzira kumeneko). Kuyambira ali mwana, Machavariani adazunguliridwa ndi nyimbo zamtundu komanso chilengedwe chokongola kwambiri. M'nyumba ya atate wa woimba tsogolo, amene anatsogolera kwaya ankachita masewera anasonkhana anzeru Gori, wowerengeka nyimbo.

Mu 1936, Machavariani anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Tbilisi State Conservatory m’kalasi la P. Ryazanov, ndipo mu 1940, anamaliza maphunziro ake apamwamba motsogoleredwa ndi mphunzitsi waluso ameneyu. Mu 1939, nyimbo zoyamba za symphonic za Machavariani zinawonekera - ndakatulo "Oak ndi Mosquitoes" ndi ndakatulo ndi kwaya "Gorian Pictures".

Patapita zaka zingapo, woimbayo analemba konsati ya piyano (1944), imene D. Shostakovich anati: “Wolemba wake ndi woimba wachinyamata ndipo mosakayikira anali ndi luso loimba. Iye ali ndi kulenga kwake payekha, kalembedwe kake kake. Opera Amayi ndi Mwana (1945, yochokera pa ndakatulo ya dzina lomwelo ndi I. Chavchavadze) inakhala yankho ku zochitika za Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi. Pambuyo pake, wolembayo adalemba ndakatulo ya Arsen ya oimba nyimbo ndi kwaya cappella (1946), Symphony Yoyamba (1947) ndi ndakatulo ya okhestra ndi kwaya Pa Imfa ya Hero (1948).

Mu 1950, Machavariani adapanga Concerto yanyimbo-yokonda Violin, yomwe idalowanso m'mbiri ya oimba aku Soviet ndi akunja.

The majestic oratorio "Tsiku la Amayi Anga" (1952) amaimba za ntchito yamtendere, kukongola kwa dziko lakwawo. Kuzungulira kwa zithunzi zanyimbo izi, zodzaza ndi zinthu zamtundu wa symphonism, zimatengera nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu, zomasuliridwa kukhala mzimu wachikondi. Foloko yophiphiritsira yotengera malingaliro, mtundu wa epigraph ya oratorio, ndi gawo lanyimbo 1, lotchedwa "Morning of my Motherland".

Mutu wa kukongola kwa chilengedwe ukuphatikizidwanso mu nyimbo za Machavariani: mu sewero "Khorumi" (1949) ndi ballad "Bazalet Lake" (1951) ya piyano, muzithunzi zazing'ono za violin "Doluri", "Lazuri". "(1962). "Imodzi mwa ntchito zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za nyimbo za ku Georgia" zotchedwa K. Karaev Zisanu za monologues za baritone ndi orchestra pa St. V. Pshavela (1968).

Malo apadera pa ntchito ya Machavariani akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ballet Othello (1957), yopangidwa ndi V. Chabukiani pa siteji ya Tbilisi State Academic Opera ndi Ballet Theatre m'chaka chomwecho. A. Khachaturian analemba kuti mu "Othello" Machavariani "amadziulula kuti ali ndi zida zonse monga wolemba nyimbo, woganiza bwino, nzika." Sewero lanyimbo la seweroli la choreographic limachokera ku dongosolo lalikulu la leitmotifs, lomwe limasinthidwa mwachidwi pakukula. Kuphatikizira zithunzi za ntchito ya W. Shakespeare, Machavariani amalankhula chinenero cha nyimbo za dziko ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadutsa malire a chiyanjano cha ethnographic. Chithunzi cha Othello mu ballet ndi chosiyana ndi zolembalemba. Machavariani adamufikitsa pafupi ndi chithunzi cha Desdemona - chizindikiro cha kukongola, choyenera chaukazi, chophatikiza zilembo za anthu otchulidwa kwambiri m'nyimbo komanso momveka bwino. Wolembayo amatchulanso Shakespeare mu opera Hamlet (1974). K. Karaev analemba kuti: “Munthu angangosirira kulimba mtima koteroko poyerekezera ndi ntchito za anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Chochitika chodziwika bwino mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha Republic chinali ballet "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (1974) yochokera ku ndakatulo ya S. Rustaveli. A. Machavariani anati: “Pamene ndinkagwira ntchitoyo, ndinasangalala kwambiri. - "Nthano ya Rustaveli wamkulu ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo ku chuma chauzimu cha anthu a ku Georgia," kuyitana kwathu ndi mbendera ", m'mawu a ndakatulo." Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zoimbira nyimbo (njira zotsatizana, kuphatikizika kwa polyharmonic, mapangidwe ovuta a modal), Machavariani poyambirira amaphatikiza njira zama polyphonic ndi polyphony yaku Georgia.

Mu 80s. woipeka akugwira ntchito. Iye analemba chachitatu, chachinayi ( "Achinyamata"), symphonies chachisanu ndi chachisanu ndi chimodzi, nyimbo yovina "The Taming of the Shrew", yomwe pamodzi ndi ballet "Othello" ndi opera "Hamlet" inapanga triptych ya Shakespearean. Posachedwapa - Seventh Symphony, ballet "Pirosmani".

"Wojambula weniweni amakhala panjira nthawi zonse. … Kupanga ndi ntchito komanso chisangalalo, chisangalalo chosayerekezeka cha wojambula. Wolemba nyimbo wa Soviet Alexei Davidovich Machavariani alinso ndi chimwemwe chimenechi” (K. Karaev).

N. Aleksenko