Zonse zokhudza Yakut khomus

Poganizira luso la chida choimbira choyambirira, ndizomveka kutembenukira ku Yakut khomus. Kuphunzira kuimba zeze wa Myuda sikovuta kwenikweni, koma nyimbo zomwe zikubwera sizidzasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi.

Yakut khomus, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti vargan, ndi chida choimbira cha anthu amtundu wa Republic of Sakha. Ambiri amavomereza kuti mbiri ya kukhalapo kwake kunayamba zaka zoposa 5 zikwi. Nthawi zonse amaganiziridwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha shamans, khomus ali ndi zozizwitsa, monga phokoso la cosmic, lomwe limasiyanitsa ndi zipangizo zina zonse zoimbira. Ikuti naa cintu ciyandika kapati mucikozyanyo cako, cilakonzya “kuyiimbila jwi lyacilengedwe.” Masiku ano, zeze wa Myuda si "wotenga nawo mbali" pa miyambo ya shaman, komanso chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.

M'mbuyomu, zinali zachizoloŵezi chojambula Yakut khomus kuchokera kumatabwa kapena fupa, kuyesera kuti apereke mawonekedwe a mtengo womwe unawombedwa ndi mphezi. Zadziwika kuti mphepo ikagwedeza mtengo wotero, pamakhala phokoso lodabwitsa. Kalekale, anthu ankaziona kuti n’zopatulika ndipo ankasunga tchipisi tating’ono. Zeze wamakono nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo, chomwe chili ndi ubwino waukulu. Poyamba, adabwereza mawonekedwe a khomus yamatabwa, koma lero akuwoneka ngati nsapato ya akavalo, chifukwa amapangidwa ndi nthiti ndi timitengo tating'ono, zomwe zimatchedwa "masaya".

Lilime lachitsulo limayambira pakati pa mkombero ndikuyenda pakati pa "masaya". Pambuyo podutsa timitengo, mbali imeneyi imapindika, n’kupanga mbale yonjenjemera yokhala ndi nsonga yokhota, yokhoza kutulutsa mawu. Vargan nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi machitidwe a dziko, matanthauzo a ena omwe sanatsimikizidwebe.

Kwa a Yakuts, kugwiritsa ntchito zeze wa Myuda ndizochitika zapamtima kwambiri. Asilamu ankagwiritsa ntchito chida choimbira polimbana ndi matenda komanso kuchotsa mizimu yoipa. Komanso, nyimbo za “mlengalenga” nthawi zambiri zinkatsagana ndi zilengezo zachikondi. Azimayi ankaimbanso nyimbo pa khomus - chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale mtundu wonse wa nyimbo za khomus unapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, anthu amasiku ano a Altai nthawi zambiri amasewera chida popanda manja pamene akukama ng'ombe, zomwe, kukhazika mtima pansi, zimapereka mkaka wochuluka. Pambuyo pa kusintha, zeze wa Ayuda adaletsedwa kwa nthawi ndithu, koma lero mwambowu ukutsitsimutsidwa, ndipo anthu ambiri akukondwera ndi mwayi wophunzitsidwa ndi ambuye.

Kusewera Yakut khomus, kukhazikika kwathunthu kumafunika, popeza nyimbo siziyenera kuzindikirika ndi makutu okha, komanso ndi thupi lonse. Akatswiri a nyimbo za vargan amanenanso kuti musanayambe kuphunzitsidwa ndi chipangizocho, ndikofunika "kuphatikizana", kuvala ngati cholembera pakhosi kapena m'thumba lanu. Inde, n’koletsedwa kusamutsa zeze wa Myuda kwa munthu wina panthaŵi imeneyi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kwa mwini khomus, nkhani yake imagwiranso ntchito kwambiri. Chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino ndicho kupanga mawonekedwe a nyama ya totemic, kapena kukongoletsa ndi chifaniziro cha mzimu umene umayenera kugwira ntchito ya wosunga chidacho.

Yakut khomus imatha kusiyanasiyana pamapangidwe, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mabango, komanso pazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa, kutalika ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu akuchotsedwa. Pali mitundu yaying'ono komanso yokulirapo. Kuyera kwa mawu, kuya ndi kamvekedwe kumadalira miyeso ya chipangizocho.

Mapangidwe a Yakut khomus ndi ophweka kwambiri: maziko ake ndi mphete ndi lilime loyenda momasuka. Chidacho chikhoza kukhala cholimba (pamene lilime limadulidwa nthawi yomweyo m'munsi) kapena gulu (pamene lilime lolekanitsidwa likhazikika pa mphete). Kunja, zeze wa Myuda angafanane ndi arc kapena mbale yopapatiza yopyapyala. Mitundu ya Arcuate imapangidwa kuchokera ku ndodo zachitsulo, pakati pomwe gawo lachitsulo limamangiriridwa, kutha ndi mbedza.

Zitsanzo zodula nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ndodo ya siliva kapena yamkuwa, kenako amakongoletsedwa ndi inlay ndi zojambulajambula. Zeze za Lamellar jew zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mbale imodzi, pakati pomwe pali kagawo, ndipo lilime limakhala lokhazikika kapena kungodulidwa kuchokera pamunsi womwewo. Nyimbo zoimbira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera kumatabwa, fupa, kapena nsungwi.

Mitundu ya Vargan yomwe imapezeka m'madera a dzikolo, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, ili ndi zenizeni zake. Mwachitsanzo, Altai komuz ndi chida chapakatikati chokhala ndi lilime lopepuka komanso maziko ozungulira. German Multrommel ndi makina akuluakulu omwe amatulutsa mawu ochepa komanso omveka. Vietnamese Dan Moi ndi mtundu wa lamellar. Iyenera kukanikizidwa pamilomo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lofewa, lalitali komanso lalitali. Lilime la murchunga laling’ono la ku Nepal limatalika kumbali ina.

Oyimba nawonso akuwongolera chida ichi mosalekeza. Choncho, Khomus ya Osipov imatengedwa ngati chida chapadziko lonse lapansi, chabwino kwa oyamba kumene. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga nyimbo zachangu komanso zocheperako, zabata komanso zokweza, ndipo mutha kudzimenya nokha komanso nokha. Kukhudzika ndi kusiyanasiyana sikusiyana muutali, koma phokoso likadali lachilengedwe.

Vargan Luginov ali ndi mawu olemera komanso osiyanasiyana owonjezera.

Malo otchedwa Yakut khomus ku Mandarov ndi otchuka chifukwa cha timbre yake yowundana. Kupanga zitsulo ndi lilime lofewa ndilabwino kwa machitidwe amphamvu. Phokoso lomwe limatuluka limatchedwa kuti ndi losadzichepetsa komanso losalongosoka ku ukatswiri wa woimbayo.

Ma khomuses oimba a Maltsev amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Kumveka bwino, phokoso lowala, timbre yochepa - zonsezi zikufotokozera kutchuka kwa mitundu iyi pakati pa ochita masewera. Kukhazikika kwa lilime kumakulolani kuti mukhalebe ndi rhythm ngakhale tempo ikufulumira.

Vargan master Chemchoeva amapanga phokoso lokweza komanso lomveka. Lilime la kuuma kwapakati ndiloyenera kwa ochita mbali iliyonse.

A Yakut khomus ali ndi malirime amodzi mpaka anayi. Chida chokhala ndi mfundo imodzi chimamveka pa noti imodzi. Kugwedezeka kwake kumapangidwa chifukwa cha mpweya wotuluka ndi mpweya, komanso kufotokozera kwa wosewera mpira. Bango likachuluka, m’pamenenso phokoso limamveka bwino.

Kulira kwa azeze a Ayuda kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mmene anthu a ku Siberia ankaimba pakhosi. Nyimbozo zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri woyimba khomus akayamba kulumikiza mawu, ngati kuti akuimba zeze wa Myuda ndipo motero amawonjezera kugwedezeka kwake. Vargan imaonedwa kuti ndi chida chodzipangira chokha chomwe chimapanga phokoso la "velvety", koma ndi "metallic note". Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti nyimbo zotere zimachepetsa komanso zimakupangitsani kuti muzisinkhasinkha.

State Museum of Khomus, yomwe ili padziko lonse lapansi, ili mumzinda wa Yakutsk. Chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa ziwonetsero pafupifupi 9 zochokera padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Chukchi khomus, Tuvan Folk, Indian, Mongolian ndi ena ambiri. Bungwe la chikhalidwe linakhazikitsidwa pa November 30, 1990 ndi Academician wa Russian Academy of Sciences Ivan Yegorovich Alekseev. Masiku ano ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika, chomwe chimakhala ndi zochitika zamitundu yonse, thumba lalikulu lomwe likuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse.

Mawonekedwe a holo yoyamba amalola alendo kuti adziwe zomwe zimachitika popanga chida choimbira ndikuwona zolengedwa za ambuye odziwika, kuphatikiza azaka za 18th-19th. Holo yachiwiri ndi yoimba zeze za Ayuda ochokera m’mayiko pafupifupi 90. Apa ndipamene pali mwayi wodziwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi, bango, fupa, chitsulo, matabwa ndi kuphatikiza kwawo. Udindo wofunikira pano umasewera ndi gulu la khomusist Shishigin. Mu holo yachitatu, mndandanda wa Frederic Crane, wolandiridwa ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mu 2009, ukuyembekezera alendo. Pulofesa waku America wakhala akusonkhanitsa ziwonetsero zoposa mazana asanu ndi limodzi kuyambira 1961, ndipo zakale kwambiri zazaka za zana la 14. M'chipinda chotsatira, mungaphunzire nkhani yochititsa chidwi yokhazikitsa mbiri ya Guinness yosewera khomus nthawi imodzi mu 2011, komanso kuwona chitsanzo chomwe chakhala mumlengalenga.

Kuti mudziwe kuyimba zeze wa Myuda, choyamba muyenera kudziwa luso loyambira, ndiyeno, mutaphunzira kusunga nyimboyo, muyambe kuwongolera. Kugwira khomus molondola sikovuta monga momwe zingawonekere. Amatenga mpheteyo ndi dzanja lake lotsogolera, kenako "masaya" akunja amakanikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi mano kuti mpata wawung'ono upangidwe. Ndikofunika kuti lilime lidutse pakati pa mano, koma osawakhudza. Kuti zeze wa Myuda amveke, muyenera kusuntha lilime. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi chala cholozera, chomwe chimadulidwa pang'ono pa gawo ili.

Maphunziro akusewera khomus amatanthauzanso kudziŵa bwino njira zomenyera lilime. Oimba amtsogolo adzayenera kuphunzira kupotoza ndi burashi yaulere, ndikugogoda ndi chala chopindika kutsogolo kwa gawolo. Ndi mathamangitsidwe kapena deceleration wa mungoli, onse mphamvu ndi mlingo wa makina kanthu kanthu kusintha. Sizoletsedwa kutembenuza burashi kumbali ina ndikugwiranso chala chanu pa lilime.

Kuyika mayendedwe a phokoso amapeza chifukwa cha ziwalo zoyankhulirana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukulunga milomo yanu pathupi, ndiye kuti nyimbo za azeze a Myuda zimakula kwambiri. Kugwedezeka kwa lilime ndi kusuntha kwa milomo kungathandizenso.

Momwe Yakut khomus imamvekera, onani kanema pansipa.