Antal Doráti (Antal Doráti) |

Doráti Antal

Pali ma conductor ochepa omwe ali ndi zolemba zambiri monga Antalu Dorati. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, makampani a ku America adamupatsa mbiri ya golide - kwa ma discs miliyoni imodzi ndi theka ogulitsidwa; ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anayenera kuperekanso kachiŵiri kwa wochititsa mphothoyo. “Mwina mbiri yapadziko lonse!” Adadandaula m'modzi mwa otsutsawo. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito zaluso za Dorati ndikwambiri. Ku Ulaya kulibe pafupifupi okhestra yaikulu imene sakanaimba nayo chaka chilichonse; kondakitala amapereka makonsati ambirimbiri pachaka, moti sangathenso kuuluka kuchokera kudziko lina kupita ku lina ndi ndege. Ndipo m'chilimwe - zikondwerero: Venice, Montreux, Lucerne, Florence ... Nthawi yotsalayo ndikujambula pa zolemba. Ndipo potsiriza, pakapita nthawi, pamene wojambula sali pa console, amatha kulemba nyimbo: m'zaka zaposachedwa analemba cantatas, cello concerto, symphony ndi ma ensembles ambiri a chipinda.

Atafunsidwa kumene amapeza nthaŵi ya zonsezi, Dorathy akuyankha kuti: “N’zosavuta. Ndimadzuka tsiku lililonse 7 koloko m’mawa ndi kugwira ntchito kuyambira XNUMX koloko mpaka XNUMX:XNUMX koloko. Nthawi zina ngakhale madzulo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ndili mwana ndiphunzitsidwe kuika maganizo pa ntchito. Kunyumba, ku Budapest, nthawi zonse zakhala motere: m'chipinda chimodzi, bambo anga ankaphunzitsa violin, ndipo m'chipinda china, amayi ankaimba piyano.

Dorati ndi Hungarian ndi dziko. Bartok ndi Kodai ankakonda kupita kunyumba kwa makolo ake. Dorati anaganiza zokhala kondakita ali wamng'ono. Kale pa zaka khumi ndi zinayi, iye anakonza okhestra wophunzira mu gymnasium wake, ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu iye imodzi analandira satifiketi masewero olimbitsa thupi ndi dipuloma ku Academy of Music mu limba (kuchokera E. Donany) ndi zikuchokera (kuchokera L. Weiner). Anavomerezedwa kukhala wothandizira wotsogolera pa opera. Kukhala pafupi ndi gulu la oimba opita patsogolo kunathandiza Dorati kudziwa zonse zaposachedwa kwambiri za nyimbo zamakono, ndipo kugwira ntchito mu opera kunathandiza kuti apeze luso lofunikira.

Mu 1928, Dorati anachoka ku Budapest ndi kupita kunja. Iye ntchito ngati wochititsa mu zisudzo Munich ndi Dresden, amapereka zoimbaimba. Chikhumbo chofuna kuyenda chinamufikitsa ku Monte Carlo, ku udindo wa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Russian Ballet - wolowa m'malo mwa gulu la Diaghilev. Kwa zaka zambiri - kuyambira 1934 mpaka 1940 - Dorati adayendera Monte Carlo Ballet ku Europe ndi America. Mabungwe ochita makonsati aku America adakopa chidwi cha wotsogolera: mu 1937 adayamba kuwonekera ndi National Symphony Orchestra ku Washington, mu 1945 adaitanidwa kukhala wotsogolera wamkulu ku Dallas, ndipo patatha zaka zinayi adalowa m'malo mwa Mitropoulos ngati wamkulu wa oimba ku Minneapolis. kumene anakhalako zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Zaka izi ndizofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya kondakitala; m’nzeru zake zonse, maluso ake monga mphunzitsi ndi wolinganiza anawonekera. Mitropoulos, pokhala wojambula wanzeru, sanakonde ntchito yolimbikitsira ndi gulu la oimba ndipo anasiya gululo muvuto. Dorati posakhalitsa adachikweza mpaka kufika pagulu la oimba abwino kwambiri aku America, odziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwawo, kumveka kwa mawu komanso kulumikizana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Dorathy wakhala akugwira ntchito ku England, komwe amapitako maulendo angapo. Zochita zake zinali zachipambano chachikulu “m’dziko lakwawo, “Wotsogolera wabwino ayenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe iŵiri,” akutero Dorati, “choyamba, chikhalidwe cha nyimbo: ayenera kumvetsetsa ndi kumva nyimbozo. Izi sizikunena. Yachiwiri ikuwoneka kuti ilibe chochita ndi nyimbo: wotsogolera ayenera kukhala wokhoza kupereka malamulo. Koma mu luso la "kulamula" kumatanthauza chinachake chosiyana kwambiri, kunena, mu gulu lankhondo. Muzojambula, simungathe kulamula chifukwa ndinu apamwamba: oimba ayenera kufuna kusewera momwe wotsogolera amawauza.

Ndi nyimbo komanso kumveka bwino kwa malingaliro ake zomwe zimakopa Dorati. Kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ballet kunamuphunzitsa kuwongolera bwino. Amapereka mochenjera kwambiri nyimbo za ballet. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa, makamaka, ndi zolemba zake za Stravinsky's The Firebird, Borodin's Polovtsian Dances, suite kuchokera ku Delibes 'Coppélia, ndi suite yake ya waltzes ndi J. Strauss.

Utsogoleri wokhazikika wa gulu lalikulu la oimba adathandizira Dorati kuti asachepetse nyimbo zake ku ntchito khumi ndi zisanu zachikale komanso zamakono, koma kuti aziwonjezera nthawi zonse. Izi zikuwonetseredwa ndi mndandanda wazinthu zina zodziwika bwino. Pano timapeza nyimbo zambiri za Beethoven, Tchaikovsky's Fourth and Sixth, Ffifth ya Dvorak, Scheherazade ya Rimsky-Korsakov, Bartók's The Bluebeard's Castle, Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies ndi Enescu's Romanian Rhapsodies ndi Wolemba Rhapsodies Berzeck ndi Wernberg Rhapsodies Bertók "An American in Paris" yolembedwa ndi Gershwin, ma concert ambiri omwe Dorati amachita monga wochenjera komanso wofanana ndi oimba solo monga G. Shering, B. Jainis, ndi ojambula ena otchuka.

"Contemporary Conductors", M. 1969.