Enrico Caruso (Enrico Caruso) |

Enrico Caruso

Iye anali ndi Order of the Legion of Honor ndi English Victorian Order, German Order of the Red Eagle ndi mendulo yagolide pa riboni ya Frederick Wamkulu, Order of the Officer of the Italy Crown, Belgium ndi Spain. , ngakhale chithunzi cha msilikali mu malipiro a siliva, omwe amatchedwa Russian "Order of St. Nicholas", diamond cufflinks - mphatso yochokera kwa Mfumu ya Russia Yonse, bokosi la golide kuchokera kwa Duke wa Vendome, rubi ndi diamondi kuchokera ku Chingerezi. mfumu ... - akulemba A. Filippov. “Zoyipa zake zikukambidwabe mpaka lero. M'modzi mwa oimbawo adataya zingwe zake zokhala ndi zingwe pomwe aria, koma adakwanitsa kuzikankhira pansi pa kama ndi phazi lake. Anakhala wokondwa kwa nthawi yochepa. Caruso anakweza mathalauza ake, kuwawongola ndipo ndi uta wamwambo anabweretsa mayiyo ... Nyumbayo inaphulika ndi kuseka. Kuti adye chakudya chamadzulo ndi mfumu ya ku Spain, adabwera ndi pasitala yake, akutsimikizira kuti iwo anali tastier kwambiri, ndipo anaitana alendo kulawa. Pa phwando lachikondwerero la boma, iye anayamikira Purezidenti wa United States ndi mawu akuti: “Ndine wokondwa chifukwa cha inu, Wolemekezeka, ndinu wotchuka monga ine. Mu Chingerezi, adadziwa mawu ochepa chabe, omwe amadziwika ndi ochepa kwambiri: chifukwa cha luso lake komanso kutchulidwa bwino, nthawi zonse amachoka mosavuta. Kamodzi kokha pamene kusadziŵa chinenerocho kunachititsa chidwi: woimbayo anadziwitsidwa za imfa yadzidzidzi ya mmodzi wa anzake, pamene Caruso anasangalala kwambiri ndi kumwetulira ndipo anafuula mosangalala kuti: “Ziri bwino, pamene inu mumuwona iye, moni kwa ine. !"

Anasiya pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu ndi awiri (kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino ndi ndalama zopenga), madera ku Italy ndi America, nyumba zingapo ku United States ndi ku Ulaya, zosonkhanitsira ndalama za rarest ndi zakale, mazana a suti zamtengo wapatali (chilichonse chinabwera. ndi nsapato za lacquered).

Ndipo izi n’zimene woimba wa ku Poland J. Vaida-Korolevich, yemwe anaimba ndi woimba waluso kwambiri, analemba kuti: “Enrico Caruso, wa ku Italy wobadwira ndi kukulira ku Naples yamatsenga, wozunguliridwa ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa, thambo la Italy ndi dzuŵa lotentha kwambiri. wotengeka mtima, wopupuluma komanso wokwiya msanga. Mphamvu ya talente yake idapangidwa ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu: choyamba ndi mawu otentha, okonda kwambiri omwe sangafanane ndi ena aliwonse. Kukongola kwa timbre yake sikunali kufanana kwa phokoso, koma, mosiyana, mu kulemera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu. Caruso adafotokoza zakukhosi kwake komanso zomwe adakumana nazo ndi mawu ake - nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti masewerawa ndi zochitika zamasewera zinali zosafunikira kwa iye. Mbali yachiwiri ya talente ya Caruso ndi phale la malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro amalingaliro poimba, opanda malire mu kulemera kwake; potsiriza, mbali yachitatu ndi lalikulu, modzidzimutsa ndi subconscious kwambiri talente. Ndimalemba "subconscious" chifukwa zithunzi zake za siteji sizinali zotsatira za ntchito yosamala, yowawa kwambiri, sizinali zoyengedwa ndikumalizidwa kuzinthu zing'onozing'ono, koma ngati kuti zinabadwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku mtima wake wotentha wakumwera.

Enrico Caruso anabadwa pa February 24, 1873 kunja kwa Naples, m'dera la San Giovanello, m'banja la ogwira ntchito. "Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, adayamba kuyimba, ndipo nyimbo zake zowoneka bwino komanso zokongola nthawi yomweyo zidakopa chidwi," Caruso adakumbukira motero. Zochita zake zoyamba zidachitika pafupi ndi kwathu ku tchalitchi chaching'ono cha San Giovanello. Anamaliza maphunziro ake kusukulu ya pulayimale ya Enrico. Pankhani ya maphunziro oimba, adalandira chidziwitso chochepa chofunikira m'munda wa nyimbo ndi kuimba, zomwe adazipeza kwa aphunzitsi am'deralo.

Ali wachinyamata, Enrico analowa m’fakitale imene bambo ake ankagwira ntchito. Koma anapitirizabe kuyimba, zomwe, komabe, sizodabwitsa kwa Italy. Caruso adatenga nawo gawo pazopanga zisudzo - nthano yanyimbo ya The Robbers in the Garden of Don Raffaele.

Njira ina ya Caruso ikufotokozedwa ndi A. Filippov:

“Ku Italy panthaŵiyo, okwana 360 a kalasi yoyamba analembetsa, 44 mwa iwo anali kuonedwa ngati otchuka. Oimba mazana angapo audindo wotsika adapumira kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo. Ndi mpikisano woterewu, Caruso anali ndi chiyembekezo chochepa: ndizotheka kuti moyo wake ukadakhalabe m'madera ovuta omwe ali ndi gulu la ana osowa njala komanso ntchito yoimba payekha pamsewu, ali ndi chipewa m'manja mwake podutsa omvera. Koma ndiye, monga zimakhalira nthawi zambiri m'mabuku, His Majness Chance adabwera kudzapulumutsa.

Mu opera The Friend of Francesco, yokonzedwa ndi wokonda nyimbo Morelli ndi ndalama zake, Caruso anali ndi mwayi wosewera bambo wachikulire (tenor wazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi adayimba gawo la mwana wake). Ndipo aliyense anamva kuti liwu la "bambo" ndi lokongola kwambiri kuposa la "mwana". Enrico nthawi yomweyo anaitanidwa ku gulu la Italy, akupita ku Cairo. Kumeneko, Caruso adakumana ndi "ubatizo wamoto" wovuta (adangoyimba osadziwa udindo wake, akumangirira chinsalu chokhala ndi mawu kumbuyo kwa mnzake) ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba adapeza ndalama zabwino, kuwadumpha mokondwera ndi ovina. za ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana zakumaloko. Caruso anabwerera ku hotelo m'mawa atakwera bulu, ataphimbidwa ndi matope: ataledzera, adagwa mumtsinje wa Nile ndipo adathawa mozizwitsa kuchokera ku ng'ona. Phwando losangalatsa linali chiyambi chabe cha "ulendo wautali" - akuyenda ku Sicily, adapita pa siteji ataledzera, m'malo mwa "tsoka" anaimba "gulba" (m'Chitaliyana ndi consonant), ndipo izi pafupifupi mtengo. iye ntchito yake.

Ku Livorno, amaimba Pagliatsev ndi Leoncavallo - kupambana koyamba, kenaka kuyitanira ku Milan ndi udindo wa anthu aku Russia omwe ali ndi dzina lachi Slavic la Boris Ivanov mu opera ya Giordano "Fedora" ... "

Kusilira kwa otsutsa kunalibe malire: “Imodzi mwa mawu abwino koposa amene sitinamvepo!” Milan adalandira woimbayo, yemwe sanadziwikebe mumzinda wa Italy.

Pa January 15, 1899, Petersburg anamva kale Caruso kwa nthawi yoyamba ku La Traviata. Caruso, wamanyazi ndi wokhudzidwa ndi kulandiridwa kwachikondi, akuyankha matamando ambiri a omvetsera a ku Russia, anati: "O, osandithokoza - zikomo Verdi!" "Caruso anali Radamès wodabwitsa, yemwe adadzutsa chidwi cha aliyense ndi mawu ake okongola, chifukwa chomwe munthu angaganize kuti wojambulayo posachedwapa adzakhala pamzere woyamba wa akatswiri apamwamba amakono," wotsutsa NF analemba mu ndemanga yake. Solovyov

Kuchokera ku Russia, Caruso anapita kutsidya kwa nyanja ku Buenos Aires; kenako amaimba ku Rome ndi Milan. Pambuyo pa kupambana kodabwitsa ku La Scala, komwe Caruso adayimba mu L'elisir d'amore ya Donizetti, ngakhale Arturo Toscanini, yemwe anali wovuta kwambiri ndi matamando, adayendetsa opera, sakanatha kupirira ndipo, akukumbatira Caruso, adanena. "Mulungu wanga! Ngati Neapolitan uyu apitiriza kuimba chonchi, achititsa kuti dziko lonse lilankhule za iye!”

Madzulo a November 23, 1903, Caruso anapanga New York ku Metropolitan Theatre. Iye anaimba mu Rigoletto. Woimba wotchuka amagonjetsa anthu aku America nthawi yomweyo komanso kwamuyaya. Woyang'anira zisudzo ndiye anali Enri Ebey, amene nthawi yomweyo anasaina pangano ndi Caruso kwa chaka chonse.

Pamene Giulio Gatti-Casazza wochokera ku Ferrara pambuyo pake anakhala mtsogoleri wa Metropolitan Theatre, malipiro a Caruso anayamba kukula chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, analandira ndalama zochuluka kwambiri moti mabwalo ena ochitira masewero padziko lonse analephera kupikisana ndi anthu a ku New York.

Mtsogoleri wa Giulio Gatti-Casazza adatsogolera Metropolitan Theatre kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Iye anali wochenjera ndi wochenjera. Ndipo ngati nthawi zina panali zodandaula kuti chindapusa makumi anayi, zikwi makumi asanu lire pa sewero limodzi anali mopitirira muyeso, kuti palibe wojambula m'modzi mu dziko analandira chindapusa, ndiye wotsogolera anangoseka.

"Caruso," adatero, "ndiye mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa impresario, kotero palibe malipiro omwe angakhale ochuluka kwa iye."

Ndipo iye anali wolondola. Caruso atatenga nawo gawo pachiwonetserocho, otsogolera adakweza mitengo yamatikiti mwakufuna kwawo. Amalonda adawonekera omwe adagula matikiti pamtengo uliwonse, ndiyeno adawagulitsanso katatu, kanayi ngakhale kakhumi!

V. Tortorelli analemba kuti: “Ku America, Caruso ankayenda bwino kuyambira pachiyambi. Chikoka chake pa anthu chinakula tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbiri ya Metropolitan Theatre imanena kuti palibe wojambula wina yemwe adachita bwino kwambiri pano. Kuwonekera kwa dzina la Caruso pazikwangwani kunali nthawi iliyonse chochitika chachikulu mu mzindawu. Zinayambitsa zovuta kwa oyang'anira zisudzo: holo yayikulu ya zisudzo sinathe kukhala ndi aliyense. Zinali zofunikira kutsegula bwalo la zisudzo maola awiri, atatu, kapena ngakhale anayi isanayambe masewero, kuti omvera okwiya a malo owonetserako atenge mipando yawo modekha. Zinatha ndi mfundo yakuti zisudzo madzulo zisudzo ndi kutenga nawo mbali Caruso anayamba kutsegula XNUMX koloko m'mawa. Oonerera okhala ndi zikwama zam'manja ndi madengu odzaza ndi zakudya adakhala m'malo abwino kwambiri. Pafupifupi maola khumi ndi awiri m'mbuyomo, anthu adabwera kudzamva mawu amatsenga a woimbayo (masewera adayamba nthawi ya XNUMX koloko madzulo).

Caruso anali wotanganidwa ndi Met kokha mu nyengo; Pamapeto pake, anapita ku nyumba zina zambirimbiri za zisudzo, zomwe zinamuzungulira ndi zoitanira anthu. Kumene woimba yekha sanachite: ku Cuba, ku Mexico City, ku Rio de Janeiro ndi Buffalo.

Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira October 1912, Caruso anapanga ulendo waukulu wa mizinda ya ku Ulaya: anaimba ku Hungary, Spain, France, England ndi Holland. M’maiko ameneŵa, monganso ku North ndi South America, anayembekezeredwa ndi kulandiridwa kwachisangalalo kwa omvetsera achimwemwe ndi anthanthi.

Kamodzi Caruso anaimba mu opera "Carmen" pa siteji ya zisudzo "Colon" mu Buenos Aires. Kumapeto kwa arioso wa Jose, nyimbo zabodza zinamveka m'gulu la oimba. Anthuwo sanawazindikire koma sanathawe kondakitala. Atasiya kutonthoza, iye, mokwiya kwambiri, anapita kwa oimba ndi cholinga chowadzudzula. Komabe, kondakitala anaona kuti oimba solo ambiri a orchestra anali kulira, ndipo sanayerekeze kunena mawu. Mwamanyazi anabwerera pampando wake. Ndipo nazi malingaliro a impresario pakuchita izi, lofalitsidwa mu New York mlungu uliwonse Follia:

"Mpaka pano, ndimaganiza kuti ma lire 35 omwe Caruso adapempha kuti achite nawo madzulo ena anali ochulukirapo, koma tsopano ndikukhulupirira kuti kwa wojambula wosatheka kutheka, palibe malipiro omwe angakhale ochulukirapo. Leretsani misozi kwa oimba! Ganizilani izi! Ndi Orpheus!

Kupambana kunabwera kwa Caruso osati chifukwa cha mawu ake amatsenga. Iye ankadziwa bwino maphwando ndi anzake mu sewerolo. Izi zinamupangitsa kuti amvetse bwino ntchito ndi zolinga za wolembayo komanso kukhala ndi moyo pa siteji. Caruso anati: “M’bwalo la zisudzo, ndimangokhala woyimba komanso wochita zisudzo, koma kuti ndisonyeze anthu kuti sindine mmodzi kapena winayo, koma munthu weniweni amene wolemba nyimboyo anachita, ndiyenera kuganiza ndi kumva. ndendende ngati munthu yemwe ndimamuganizira wolembayo ".

December 24, 1920 Caruso anachita mazana asanu ndi limodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, ndi otsiriza ntchito yake opera ku Metropolitan. Woimbayo adamva zowawa kwambiri: panthawi yonseyi adakumana ndi ululu wopweteka, wopweteka m'mbali mwake, anali ndi malungo. Akuitana pa chifuniro chake chonse kuti athandize, iye anaimba nyimbo zisanu za Mwana wamkazi wa Kadinala. Ngakhale matenda ankhanza, wojambula wamkulu anapitiriza siteji molimba ndi molimba mtima. Anthu a ku America atakhala mu holo, osadziwa za tsoka lake, adawomba m'manja mwaukali, adafuula "encore", osakayikira kuti adamva nyimbo yomaliza ya wogonjetsa mitima.

Caruso anapita ku Italy ndipo molimba mtima analimbana ndi matendawa, koma August 2, 1921, woimbayo anamwalira.